蓝狐多重感染的病原学及主要病原的分子生物学特性

2006-2007年期间,山东6地区规模化毛皮动物养殖场出现母狐空怀、流产,幼狐呼吸困难,鼻孔出血,气喘并伴有腹泻、死亡等症状,为探明病因,对发病场进行流行病学调查和送检的236份病料组织进行病原学检查,结果表明造成该病的主要原因是由绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas aerudinosa)、沙门菌(Salmonella)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和普通变形杆菌(Proteus vulgaris)共感染所致.这4种细菌单独感染、二重感染、三重感染和四重感染的平均感染率分别为50%、45.8%、3.8%和0.4 0%.在分离的4种细菌中以绿脓杆菌的分离率为最高,达到86%,对该痛原又进行(G+C)mol%、16SrRNA序列同源性和系统发育分析,构建了包括9株邻近种属细菌在内的系统发育树,其中与绿脓杆菌(AJ249451)同源性最高,为99.2%,进一步确定该病原菌属于假单胞菌属中绿脓杆菌.本研究为目前规模化毛皮动物养殖场蓝狐病的原因提出了新的思路,为疾病的防治提供了依据.     

柄海鞘神经复合体的显微观察

采用甲苯胺蓝染色和Golgi镀银法对柄海鞘神经复合体的结构进行显微观察,并通过免疫组织化学方法对甲硫氨酸脑啡肽在神经复合体中的分布进行了研究。①甲苯胺蓝染色法显示,神经复合体由神经节、神经腺和疏松结缔组织组成;神经节分为皮质部、髓质部和过渡带;神经腺位于神经节背侧面,由腺小叶组成;神经细胞呈深蓝色,神经纤维呈浅蓝色,与背景反差较大。Golgi镀银法显示的结果不理想,神经细胞和神经纤维着色不明显。②免疫组化结果显示,M-ENK在神经复合体中分布广泛,神经细胞、神经纤维及上皮细胞均有Met-ENK阳性反应。     

活性炭催化臭氧化降解亚甲基蓝实验

研究了活性炭催化臭氧化降解模拟染料废水亚甲基蓝溶液,考察了臭氧化空气流量、pH值、废水初始质量浓度和活性炭用量等因素对处理效果的影响。结果表明：该法可有效去除有机物,废水在低质量浓度、碱性条件下对反应有利;在亚甲基蓝初始质量浓度100mg·L^-1,pH9.5,活性炭9g·L^-1,反应90min条件下,色度去除率达到了95.6%,化学需氧量（COD）去除率达到了64.8%;活性炭催化臭氧化废水以间接氧化为主,活性炭可促进臭氧化过程产生·OH自由基并提高其利用率,相对于单独臭氧化过程,废水COD去除率可显著提高。     

补充不同光质对温室黄瓜生长发育、光合和前期产量的影响

 【目的】研究温室黄瓜对不同光质的反应及其反应机理。【方法】对处于弱光条件下的温室黄瓜进行补充红光（650 nm）和蓝光（450 nm）处理,以补充白光为对照,补光时间10 h（7：30－17：30）,测定不同光质对温室黄瓜生长发育、叶绿素含量、叶片光合特性和前期产量的影响。【结果】补充红光处理提高了温室黄瓜冠层日最高温度、日最低温度、株高、叶面积、叶绿素含量、叶片光合速率、干物质产量,促进同化产物向营养器官分配。蓝光处理提高了温室黄瓜叶片的比叶面积、气孔导度,促进同化产物向果实分配,提高了商品果数量和商品果总产量。【结论】补充红光和蓝光由于提高了温室黄瓜叶片的光合速率、叶面积和比叶面积,从而增加了温室黄瓜的干物质产量,补充蓝光促进了同化产物向果实分配,从而提高了产量。     

NaOH改性稻秆对亚甲基蓝染料吸附性能的研究

为解决农村稻秆的资源化利用问题,将稻秆用NaOH改性做吸附剂处理亚甲基蓝染料废水;考察pH值、吸附剂投加量、染料浓度和温度对染料吸附性能的影响;分析改性稻秆对亚甲基蓝染料的吸附动力学过程。研究结果表明,亚甲基蓝浓度为150mg/L,pH值为12、吸附剂投加量为4g/L时,改性稻秆对亚甲基蓝染料有很好的去除效果,染料的吸附率达到98.1%;改性稻秆对亚甲基蓝染料的吸附符合Freundlich等温模型,最大吸附量为52.910mg/g,升高温度能够增加吸附剂对亚甲基蓝染料的吸附效果;改性稻秆吸附亚甲基蓝是一个快速吸附过程,符合伪二级吸附动力学方程。     

EXTERNALITIES,INSTITUTIONS AND THE LOCATION CHOICES OF SHELLFISH PRODUCERS: THE CASE OF BLUE MUSSEL FARMING IN THE MONT-SAINT-MICHEL BAY (FRANCE)

ABSTRACT

Most marine aquaculture activities remain strongly dependent on coastal ecosystems. In the case of shellfish farming, this dependency is related mainly to water quality and to the various ecological interactions resulting from the dynamics of coastal food webs. Such ecological constraints have influenced the overall evolution of blue mussel farming in the Mont-Saint-Michel Bay, leading producers to negotiate collective arrangements regarding production capacity and techniques and to develop production strategies at the farm level. This article presents an analysis of the location choices of mussel farmers in the Mont-Saint-Michel Bay based on an empirical investigation conducted in 2002. A typology of farms with respect to their land structure is developed in which some farms choose to concentrate their activity in a single part of the bay while others distribute their activity more widely. Determinants of the location choices of each farm category, including distance to port, natural productivity differentials, and predation of mussel stocks, are analyzed. The role of the institutional arrangements allowing mussel farmers to develop these location strategies is also discussed.     

MUSSEL CULTIVATION AS A CO-USE IN OFFSHORE WIND FARMS: POTENTIAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY

More than 50% of the annual worldwide harvest of mussels is produced in Europe. The mussel cultivation in Germany is based on an extensive on-bottom culture and depends entirely on natural resources for food, spat and space. Due to stakeholder conflicts and a lack of spat availability, mussel farmers tend to move offshore where space is not limited and adequate settlement guaranteed. Newcomers – the offshore wind farmers – are covering large areas in the German Bight which in contrast give the opportunity to use these areas in a multifunctional way by accepting mussel cultivation within the wind farms. This study compiles the basic data for offshore mussel cultivation in close vicinity to a designated offshore wind farm in the open sea of the German Bight and employs different case-scenario calculations to illustrate the impact of changing parameter values on overall profitability or non-profitability of this activity. Primary focus is placed on the production of consumer mussels but seed mussel cultivation is also taken into consideration. We show that production of consumer mussels with longline technology is sufficiently profitable even under the assumption of substantial cost increases. This is especially true, if existing capacities could be used. The cultivation of seed mussels depends on the possibility of using existing equipment. A substantial increase of seed mussel prices to at least 0.6 €, given the main cost categories remaining constant, turns this alternative into substantial profitability. This study concludes with providing some recommendations on how favorable terms or actions could further improve profitability of offshore mussel cultivation. Altogether, our results are intended to shed some light on business management topics that future offshore mariculture operators such as traditional mussel farmers should follow in order to be efficient.     

不同萌发期绿豆芽蛋白质含量的测定及营养价值分析

采用考马斯亮蓝法测定不同萌发期绿豆芽蛋白质含量变化。萌发1～5d时绿豆芽的蛋白质含量分别为985、790、650、715、730μg/g,萌发第3天时蛋白质含量最低。绿豆在萌发过程中蛋白质转化为更易被人体吸收的游离氨基酸,从而大大提高了其营养价值。     

亮甲酚蓝染色对水牛卵母细胞体外受精和孤雌激活胚胎发育的影响

[目的]探讨亮甲酚蓝（BCB）染色对水牛卵母细胞体外受精及孤雌激活胚胎发育的影响。[方法]卵丘卵母细胞复合体（COCs）在体外成熟培养前用浓度26μmol/L的亮甲酚蓝染色90 min,然后根据卵母细胞胞质蓝色的有无分为阳性（BCB＋,蓝色）和阴性组（BCB-,不着色）。以未经染色处理的COCs为对照组,控制对照组卵母细胞在含0.4%牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的杜氏磷酸盐缓冲液（DPBS）中孵育90 min。体外成熟培养后统计各组的成熟率、体外受精和孤雌激活后的发育率。[结果]BCB＋组的成熟率（65.70%）显著高于对照组（59.86%）、控制对照组（58.42%）和BCB-组（48.86%）。在体外受精后的囊胚发育率方面,BCB＋组（27.08%）和对照组（25.49%）差异不显著,但显著高于控制对照组（20.50%）和BCB-组（8.45%）。在孤雌激活后的囊胚发育率方面,BCB-组显著低于其他各组,但BCB＋组、对照组以及控制对照组之间无显著差异。[结论]亮甲酚蓝染色筛选出的阳性卵母细胞具有较好的核成熟发育潜能,但并不能显著提高卵母细胞体外受精及孤雌激活后的胚胎发育率。