Demography of Abutilon theoprasti and Setaria faberi in three crop rotation systems

Field experiments were conducted to characterize the demography of Abutilon theophrasti and Setaria faberi in a conventionally managed 2‐year (maize/soya bean) rotation, and in 3‐year (maize/soya bean/triticale + red clover) and 4‐year (maize/soya bean/triticale + lucerne/lucerne) rotations managed with 72% and 79% lower herbicide inputs respectively. Rates of weed seedling recruitment, seedling survival and adult plant fecundity were determined for populations in each phase of each rotation and used to calculate annual rates of weed population change, Δ. In both years of the study, Δ for A. theophrasti populations declined or remained stable in all three rotation systems. Despite greater rates of seedling survival and fecundity in maize and soya bean in the 3‐ and 4‐year rotations, increases in Δ for A. theophrasti populations were prevented in these systems because of low fecundity in triticale and low seedling survival and fecundity in lucerne. For Setaria faberi populations, Δ remained stable in the 2‐year rotation, increased in the 3‐year rotation in both years, and increased in the 4‐year rotation in 1 year. The results of this study indicate that when herbicide use is reduced, rotations that include triticale and lucerne can facilitate the suppression of A. theophrasti. Rotations that include lucerne can contribute to restraining S. faberi population growth, given adequate levels of seedling mortality in this crop.     

加快淮北地区杂交粳稻发展的几个问题

回顾了淮北地区十多年来杂交粳稻示范推广的发展过程，分析了影响杂交粳稻发展的主要原因，并论述了加快该地区杂交粳稻发展的几个主要问题。     

Identification of blackeye cowpea mosaic virus from germplasm of yard-long bean and from soybean,and the relationships between blackeye cowpea mosaic virus and cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus

Two potyvirus isolates, one from germplasm of yard-long bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp.sesquipedalis) introduced into the Netherlands, and another one from soybean plants (Glycine max) in Indonesia, were compared with two virus isolates of blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (BICMV) from the USA and a Moroccan isolate of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CAMV). It is proposed that all five isolates be now considered BICMV on the basis of host ranges, symptoms and serology. From our results, and a reassessment of the literature it is suggested to drop the name CAMV in favour of BICMV.Samenvatting Twee potyvirussen, de een in Nederland ingevoerd met genenmateriaal vanVigna unguiculata ssp.sesquipedalis en de ander uit planten van sojaboon (Glycine max) in Indonesië, werden vergeleken met twee isolaten van blackeye cowpea mosiac virus (BICMV) en een Marokkaans isolaat van cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CAMV). Op grond van waardplantenreeksen, symptomen en serologie stellen de auteurs voor om alle vijf isolaten te beschouwen als BICMV. Gebaseerd op de verkregen resultaten en een kritische beschouwing van de literatuur wordt de aanbeveling gedaan om de naam CAMV te laten vallen ten gunste van BICMV.     

应用种子蛋白电泳图谱对高羊茅品种进行鉴别与聚类研究

利用种子贮藏蛋白进行二二烷其磺酸钠－聚丙烯酰胺凝脉电泳,对２３个高羊茅品种进行了 分析。表明该方法成本低,效率高,重复性好,能有效地反应高羊茅品种的遗传差异和亲缘关系。电泳谱带聚类分析所得到的类群,能代表生产上,饲用,草坪用类型以及两种用途中的主要生态类型。     

光敏核不育水稻选育与利用的几个问题讨论

对现有光敏核不育材料进行了分类,分为４种遗传类型;其中,温光弱感到光敏核不育系是最为理 想的遗传工具,并就其选育途径和选择“粳不籼恢”繁殖制种技术体系进行了论证．     

“复激保果剂”在杂交水稻制种上应用技术总结

复激保累剂,在杂交稻制种上使用,能促使花器发育良好,调节父母本花期,提高结实率,增加每穗实粒和粒重,提高产量。且成本低,有显著的经济效益。     

葡萄子油及原花青素研究与开发利用

综述了葡萄子油、葡萄子原花青素等天然产物的提取与保健作用的研究进展,原花青素的生物活性及药理研究的现状,葡萄子油成分分析方法和葡萄子,提取物中原花青素含量测定的方法;介绍了用超临界CO2萃取法制取高质量的葡萄子油和应用夹带剂提取葡萄子中的原花青素的方法。分析了葡萄子的综合开发的应用前景。     

不同含水量菜豆种子老化过程中生理特性的研究

 对不同含水量的菜豆种子( 2.1%、3.4%、3.8%、6.9%和9.0% ) 老化过程中的生理特性进行了研究。结果表明, 菜豆种子在含水量为318%时, 发芽率, 保护酶系统( SOD、POD和CAT) 活性和脱氢酶活性明显高于其它含水量的种子, 而脂氧合酶(LOX) 活性和丙二醛(MDA) 含量显著低于其它含水量的种子, 表现出较高的生活力。此结果表明适度降低菜豆种子的含水量可以提高其抗老化劣变能力;不同生活力的菜豆种子POD同工酶酶谱表现不同, 而SDS2PAGE蛋白质谱带则基本相同。     

沙漠化过程土壤种子库特征的研究

采用野外定点取样与室内萌发实验相结合的方法 ,研究了 4种不同类型退化沙地土壤种子库特征 ,主要结论是 :(1)土壤种子库密度随沙漠化程度的增加而下降 ,不同沙漠化发展阶段下降速率不同 ,从固定到半固定沙地是种子库密度衰减最快的时期 ;(2 )土壤种子库植物种数从固定到半流动沙地变化很小 ,半流动到流动沙地衰减速度明显加快 ,是种子库植物种数衰减最快的时期 ;(3) 4种类型退化沙地土壤种子库的种类组成以 1、2年生草本植物为主 ,所占比例 79%～ 88% ,多年生草本和灌木所占比例很小 ;(4 )土壤种子库物种多样性指数并非随着沙漠化程度的增加而下降 ,其中半流动沙地的物种多样性指数最小 ;(5 ) 4种类型退化沙地土壤种子库组成上的相似性系数变化范围为 0 .82 9～ 1.0 0 0 ,表现出较小的空间异质性。     

优质高产菜豆新品种‘无筋2号''

‘无筋2号’为优质高产菜豆新品种，生长势旺盛，耐肥抗倒，播种至采鲜荚生育期45d左右，结荚性好，豆荚饱满，商品性好，适宜速冻加工出口，鲜荚产量17—18t/hm^2，高产地块可达20t/hm^2以上。