桉木单板层积材家具角部“L型构件”接合强度研究

以速生桉木单板层积材为基材,榫接合连接、螺钉连接的L型构件为研究对象,通过对桉木层积材家具接合构件进行抗拉和抗弯力学性能试验,观察、分析8种不同榫接合方式对"L型构件"接合强度的影响。研究结果表明,榫接合强度与接合面积有关,接合面积大则接合强度高;桉木单板层积材本身强度对榫接合无影响;采用偏心连接件、倒刺螺母螺杆连接件的接合强度较低,接合部位不够牢固,在家具的使用过程中容易产生松动。     

木材初期腐朽研究综述

木材容易受到各种微生物的侵袭,真菌腐朽是导致木材破坏最严重的一种方式,即使是在木材质量损失率很小的腐朽初期,真菌也可以迅速引起木材结构的破坏,导致木材强度的急剧降低.生物培养和显微镜观察被认为是目前唯一权威的用来检测和评估木材初期腐朽的方法,但这些方法很难对木材的初期腐朽进行快速、准确地评估.因此,寻找一种迅速、准确地检测和评估木材初期腐朽的方法倍受人们的关注.有关初期腐朽及其检测与评估的研究在国外已有大量报道,而在我国却极为少见.本文综述了近几十年国内外有关木材初期腐朽及其检测与评估的研究,旨在增强人们对木材初期腐朽危害的认识,并呼吁有关部门重视相关研究在我国的发展.     

双质量飞轮内部传动结构强度及疲劳寿命分析

随着初级飞轮与次级飞轮相对转角的变化,分段变刚度双质量飞轮具有不同的刚度特性和非线性变化转矩,双质量飞轮内部传动结构作为传递动力和运动部分,结构可靠性和使用寿命必须保证。将建立的三维CAD模型导入HyperMesh软件中进行有限元分析前处理,建立了有限元分析模型,经过仿真求解计算,分析了结构变形、应力分布特点,对比分析和讨论了静强度和接触强度分析模型的结果,预测了结构疲劳寿命,结果表明:结构的静强度满足工作要求,在变载荷作用下结构的疲劳寿命远超过100万次,属于高周疲劳,能够满足要求。     

多效唑对谷子茎秆特征及抗倒性的影响

为研究多效唑对谷子茎秆性状及其穗颈的抗倒性影响,采用随机区组设计,在谷子拔节期前(A1)、拔节期(A2)和孕穗期(A3)分别叶面喷施300 mg·L^-1的多效唑,以清水作为对照(CK),对谷子主要茎秆性状、倒伏指数、穗颈参数及产量进行测定。结果表明：①与CK相比,施药后谷子植株的生长发育受到明显抑制,喷施时期越早,抑制效果越明显,株高越低,2个品种的株高均在A1处理下达到最小值,同时植株重心高度与株高的比值变化趋势与之相一致。②基部节间茎粗增大,在A1处理时达到最大值。随多效唑喷施时期的推移,各节间长度降低幅度减小,而节间直径则随着节间长度的减少逐渐增大,茎秆充实度明显提高。③随多效唑喷施时期的推移,茎秆各节间的弯曲力矩和倒伏指数渐增,抗折力渐减,抗倒性逐渐减弱,均在A1处理时最好。④穗颈方面,农大8号穗颈含水量、弯曲力矩有明显变化,其中,穗颈弯曲力矩在A1处理最小,穗颈含水量则在A2处理下最低。而张杂10号穗颈除弯曲力矩有影响外,其他指标无显著变化,其中,穗颈弯曲力矩在A1处理时达到最小。⑤影响谷子产量的关键构成是穗重及穗粒重,在A2处理下谷子增产显著,农大8号产量比CK增加7.10%,张杂10号产量比CK增加8.29%。因此,在拔节期喷施300 mg·L^-1多效唑,可提高谷子茎秆充实度,增强抗倒伏能力,增产效果最好。     

烟草茎叶连接强度试验研究

为了降低烟叶机械采收破损率,推进烟草田间生产机械化采收进程,以中烟100为试验材料,在万能试验机上利用自制的烟叶装夹装置对烟草的茎叶连接强度进行了研究,分析了烟叶成熟度、加载速度对茎叶连接强度的影响。结果表明：未熟期烟叶茎叶连接处界面结合强度较大,属于强界面连接;成熟期烟叶茎叶连接处界面结合强度较未熟期下降约29％,属于弱界面连接,此时机械采收易于降低烟叶破损程度;对成熟烟叶的加载速度越大,所需要的茎叶分离力越小,但速度与力不呈线性关系。     

Yields of European perch from Upper Lake Constance from 1910 to present

Abstract  Commercial yields of perch, Perca fluviatilis (L.), from Upper Lake Constance changed markedly during the 20th century. The perch boom in the 1950s and 1960s is attributed to higher fishing intensity and lake eutrophication. Decreasing yields in recent decades are mainly because of slower growth of perch, while a gradual decrease in year-class strength, and an overall reduction of fishing intensity, might also have contributed to yield reduction. Slower growth is mainly attributed to lake re-oligotrophication and infestation of perch with the pike tapeworm Triaenophorus nodulosus (Pallas). Competition for food with non-native ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernua (L.) is likely of minor importance, while the invasion of the lake by alien macrozoobenthos species has the potential to reduce the food supply for benthivorous perch. Perch yields are assumed to remain at the low level attained at the beginning of the 21st century; however, under changing climate conditions, fluctuations around the long-term mean will probably be wider than in the past.     

Does water temperature determine year class strength in New Zealand snapper (Pagrus auratus,Sparidae)?

The abundance of 1+ snapper (Pagrus auratus) was estimated by trawl surveys and was found to vary 17-fold over 7 years. There was a strong positive correlation between year class strength and autumn (April-June) sea surface temperature during the 0+ year, with the latter explaining 94% of the variability in year class strength. The underlying mechanism is unknown, but three hypotheses relating snapper growth and survival to temperature are discussed. The strengths of the 1991 and 1992 year classes are predicted to be below average and extremely weak, respectively.     

Use of treated mine water for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) culture: a production scale assessment

In previous proof-of-concept work, it was shown that the use of treated coal mine water for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) culture in a cage was technically feasible, though only a 50-fish bioassay was grown and no work on production-related issues was conducted. To further advance the use of treated mine water, an under-utilized water resource throughout Mid Appalachia, work was conducted to assess the effects of using treated coal mine water for the intensive production of rainbow trout in a flow-through system. During this study, comprehensive water quality data were collected to supplement fish weight and length data taken during routine monthly sampling events. The 8000 fish grew well in the raceway system over the 9 months of production, where a feed conversion ratio of 1.4 and a condition factor of 5.1 × 10⁻⁴ were measured with stocking and harvest densities of 26.4 and 50.2 kg/m³, respectively. Further, total net production was 3275 kg (7220 lb) with 98.6% survival. Throughout the study, dissolved ion concentrations (Fe, Al, Mg, Ca, and SO₄) often exceeded recommended tolerance limits. Further, elevated ammonia nitrogen concentrations generated from a component of the mine water-treatment process were identified as a potential limiting factor for aquaculture development. However, when the non-ideal effects of high ionic strength and the speciation of dissolved metal–ligand complexes were taken into account, the concentrations of free metal ions were within recommended tolerance limits.     

东海区海洋渔业资源近况浅析

根据渔获产量统计和鱼类生物学资料对东海区海洋渔业资源动态作了分析。结果表明：近几年东海区海洋渔业捕捞产量虽连年增长，但主要是靠大幅度提高捕捞强度等措施获得。渔获物中增加的主要是经济鱼类的幼鱼和低值小杂鱼类，渔获物小型化、低龄化等过度捕捞现象仍然十分严重。渔业资源结构日趋恶化，渔业资源状况并没有明显改善。     

制备工艺参数对菌丝体生物质材料性能的影响

为获得菌丝体生物质材料优化性能的最佳工艺参数,该研究以最小缓冲系数和弯曲强度为评定指标,通过3因素3水平正交试验研究了菌种接种量、基质颗粒度和水添加量对平菇菌丝体材料性能的影响。研究结果表明,正交试验9组菌丝体材料中菌丝平均直径最大为1 641 nm,最小为520 nm,前者约为后者的3倍,表明不同工艺参数显著（P<0.05）影响菌丝生长状态。影响菌丝体材料力学性能的最大因素是颗粒度,其次是水添加量和接种量。最佳工艺参数为接种量10%、颗粒度10 mm和水添加量60%,对应菌丝体材料的最小缓冲系数最低为4.17、弯曲强度最大为417.43 kPa,与发泡聚苯乙烯泡沫的弯曲强度相近。研究结果可为菌丝体材料制备工艺参数与性能的优化提供基础。