锌对不同基因型玉米产量及氮磷钾锌吸收与分配的影响

[目的]研究锌对不同基因型五米产量及氮磷钾锌吸收与分配的影响。[方法]以四单19和牡丹9 2种不同基因型玉米为材料,以EDTA-Zn为锌肥料,采用盆栽方法研究锌对不同基因型玉米产量及氮磷钾锌吸收与分配的影响。[结果]适量供锌可以提高玉米的穗粒数;在低锌处理下（Zn0、Zn1）各器官锌含量相差较小,随着施锌水平的提高,锌在叶片、茎秆、叶鞘中含量迅速增加,而在子粒和苞叶中增加幅度较小;玉米吸收的多余的锌主要集中在下部器官,以减轻过量的锌对植株造成的伤害。不同的供锌水平对低锌不敏感品种牡丹9氮、磷、钾的吸收与转运影响较小;相对而言,低锌敏感品种四单19氮、磷、钾的吸收与转运更易受到外界供锌量的影响。[结论]适量供锌可以提高玉米产量和对氮、钾的利用率降,低磷的吸收和利用。     

硫磺、硫酸锌、硼砂施用量与玉米淀粉含量关系的研究

采用二次回归通用旋转组合试验设计,分析硫磺、硫酸锌、硼砂不同施用量对高淀粉玉米淀粉含量的影响。结果表明：硫磺、硫酸锌与玉米淀粉含量的关系符合二次曲线,硼砂与淀粉含量为正的线性关系;单独施用时,硫磺和硫酸锌降低淀粉含量,硼砂增加淀粉含量;硫磺与硫酸锌存在正向互作,与硼砂存在负向互作;硫酸锌与硼砂不存在互作。淀粉含量高于76.39%的施肥方案是硫磺、硫酸锌、硼砂用量分别为6.39～31.56、8.2～32.0、22.4～28.5 kg/hm2。     

氮磷钾与锌肥配施对小麦和玉米锌含量的影响

采用大田定位试验,研究了氮磷钾与锌肥配施对小麦和玉米产量及Zn含量的影响。结果表明：在土壤有效Zn含量高于1.20 mg/kg的土壤上施用Zn肥,小麦和玉米增产效果不明显。不同施肥处理的小麦和玉米植株的Zn含量及Zn吸收量存在明显差异。土施Zn肥能显著提高小麦和玉米籽粒的Zn含量及Zn吸收量。与氮磷钾配施相比,氮磷钾配施锌肥小麦籽粒的Zn含量和Zn吸收量分别提高25.0%和25.7%,玉米籽粒的Zn含量和Zn吸收量分别提高12.0%和13.0%。     

Evaluation of selected metal nanoparticles on hatching and survival of larvae and fry of Indian major carp,rohu (Labeo rohita)

Different laboratory synthesized metal nanoparticles viz. Copper oxide (CuO), Zinc oxide (ZnO) and silver doped titanium dioxide (Ag‐TiO₂) were studied for their effect on hatching and survival of larvae and fry of Indian major carp, rohu, Labeo rohita both in direct application in tank water & coated onto tanks. Among these nanoparticles, CuO and ZnO nanoparticles exhibited highest percentage of hatching in both direct addition (78.0 ± 3.1% and 78.05 ± 4.2%, respectively) and coating onto tanks (58.6 ± 2.1% and 61.2 ± 2.7%, respectively) at 1 mg mL^?1 while least percentage of hatching was recorded in Ag‐TiO₂ nanoparticles irrespective of its concentration & mode of supplementation. Highest survival of L. rohita fry (50.13 ± 2.2%) was observed after 15 days post hatching in CuO coated tanks followed by ZnO coated tanks (38.6 ± 2.8%) while least was recorded in Ag‐TiO₂ coated tanks (22.53 ± 3.0%). However in control tanks coated with Poly‐Urethane base with hardener and uncoated control tanks, the survival was 42.4 ± 1.2% and 41.36 ± 1.8% respectively. Further, significantly lower microbial load of water was recorded in CuO nanoparticles coated tanks (1.5 × 10¹⁰ CFU L^?1) as compared to uncoated control tanks (1.1 × 10¹⁶ CFU L^?1) without affecting water quality parameters. On the other hand, in Ag‐TiO₂ coated tanks, significantly lower microbial load (1.0 × 10⁶ CFU L^?1) as compared to uncoated control tanks at 15 days post hatching was recorded. However, Ag‐TiO₂ was toxic to L. rohita larvae & fry both in direct application and coating onto tanks. Considering the beneficial effects of CuO nanoparticle application, it has the scope of being used in a more eco‐friendly way in hatchery operations.     

The influence op soil treatments on elemental composition of corn and on zinc soil tests on two Missouri soils

Abstract

Corn (Zea mays L) was grown at three locations on soil treated with Zn at two levels of soil fertility. Corn leaves were sampled at 2 stages of growth and analyzed for several elements. Yields were measured and soils were analyzed for O.lN HCl and DTPA extractable Zn and by standard testing methods for other components.

Zinc at 10 and 20 lb/A did not affect corn grain yields. The Zn treatments significantly increased leaf Zn concentrations. The influence of leaf sampling time differed between locations. The DTPA and O.lN HCl extractable soil Zn both reflected the Zn soil treatments. The DTPA appeared to extract a more soluble component of soil Zn which became more un‐extractable with time. In general, the extractable soil Zn was poorly correlated with Zn concentrations in the corn leaves. Under the conditions of the experiment the soil Zn levels as measured by the 2 extractants were a poor predictor of plant Zn when soil Zn levels were adequate.     

Estimation of critical limit for zinc in rice soils

Abstract

Twenty surface soil samples wore collectod from Nalnltal Tarai (foot‐ hills of Himalya) where ‘Khaira’ disease (Zn deficiency disease of rice) was prevalent. Rice (Oryza sativa L. variety IR ‐ 8) was grown in pots for 8 weeks after transplanting. Experiments were carried out to find the suitability of five soil Zn extractants viz. dilute acid (HC1 ‐ H₂SO₄) mixture, DTPA‐ (NH₄) ₂CO₃, pH 7.3, dithizono, NH₄ ‐ Ac, pH 4.6 and MgCl₂. Critical limits of available Zn in soils were established for rice crop by old and new Cate and Nelson procedures.

Zn extracted from the soil with NH₄ ‐ Ac, pH 4.6, dithlzono, MgCl₂, and DTPA‐(NH₄) ₂CO₃, pH 7.3 was significantly correlated with the uptake of Zn by the rice plants. The correlation of Zn uptake with dilute acid mixture extractable Zn was not significant. The extractant which extracted more Zn gave higher values of critical limit and vice versa. It is concluded that all extracting solutions except dilute acid mixture were found to be suitable for predicting available Zn in rice soils of Taral.     

含Ni六方水钠锰矿的表征及其对Pb 2+ (Zn2+)环境行为的影响

六方水钠锰矿是土壤中普遍存在、活性最强的氧化锰矿物。它常常富集各种过渡金属如Ni等,对其地球化学行为具有重要影响。在六方水钠锰矿形成过程中加入Ni2+,Ni以+2价存在于矿物中。进入水钠锰矿结构中的Ni大部分以[NiO6]八面体形式存在于层内;部分Ni存在于八面体空位上下方。含Ni水钠锰矿沿c轴方向堆叠锰氧八面体层数逐渐减小,而a-b板面晶体大小没有明显变化,即层片状晶体逐渐变薄,比表面积显著增大。随着Ni含量的增加,水钠锰矿结构中锰氧八面体空位数减少,而层边面吸附位点数基本保持不变,其对重金属离子(Pb2+/Zn2+)吸附去除能力逐渐降低。本文为明确过渡金属离子(Ni)对土壤中氧化锰矿物的形貌、结构及其性质的影响提供了参考。     

磷与富啡酸配施对潮土中磷锌有效性及锌形态转化的影响

采用室内培养方法,研究了磷与富啡酸(fulvic acid,FA)配施对石灰性潮土中磷锌有效性及锌形态转化的影响。结果表明:潮土中速效磷含量随外加磷量的增加而显著增加,且随着培养时间的延长发生了明显的固定,而且外加磷越高,土壤对其的固定越明显。土壤速效磷含量随添加FA量的增加而增加,即FA提高了磷有效性,但在低磷处理下,FA对磷的活化作用很小,而在高磷处理下作用明显;土壤速效磷含量随添加锌量的增加而降低,即高锌降低了速效磷的含量。土壤DTPA-Zn含量随锌添加量的增加显著增加,且随培养时间的延长而显著降低;低量磷可提高DTPA-Zn含量,但当土壤磷添加量太高时(高于120 mg kg-1或160 mg kg-1)则降低DTPA-Zn含量。土壤DTPA-Zn含量随FA添加量的增加而增加,但FA对长时间培养土壤锌的活化作用不明显。对土壤锌分级表明,土壤锌主要以残渣态(RES)形式存在,而交换态和有机质结合态锌在石灰性土壤中含量极低。同时,外源可溶性锌明显提高了土壤中RES-Zn、CAB-Zn、OFe-Mn-Zn和EX-Zn含量,但OM-Zn增加趋势不明显,且随着培养时间的延长,土壤中有效性较高的EX-Zn和OM-Zn逐渐向无效态RES转化,FA对土壤锌形态转化作用不明显。     

Assessment of pearl millet vs rice based diets for bioavailability of four trace metals

Cereals including millets are consumed in India as a staple with wide variety of pulses and vegetables in varying proportions. Trace mineral contents of pearl millet are two to ten times higher than that of rice. Comparative performance of pearl millet based (PM) diets as against rice based (RB) diets in terms of trace mineral bioavailability was studied, based on the prevailing dietary patterns in India. In vitro percent dialysability of zinc, iron, copper and manganese under simulated gastrointestinal conditions was considered as indicator of metal bioavailability. Dialysable zinc and iron were estimated using 65 Zn and 59 Fe as tracers, while dialysable copper and manganese were measured by Atomic absorption spectrophotometer for 20 food items and 15 RB and 17 PM diets prepared from these items. Results indicated that percent dialysability of zinc and copper was higher for RB diets than PM diets, while that of iron and manganese were comparable. Total dialysable iron, copper and manganese in PM diet was 2 to 4 times higher than RB diet.     

淹水条件下含硫锌肥与蒜皮对镉生物有效性及水稻产量的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了淹水条件下施用锌肥(ZnSO4.7H2O)与含巯基废弃物(蒜皮)对污染土壤中镉生物有效性的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,施用锌肥(0.2 g kg-1)后水稻增产25%(P<0.05),在淹水平衡7 d时土壤中有效硫和有效锌含量显著提高,增幅分别为267.9%和684.4%,而土壤中有效态镉含量降幅达61.3%(P<0.05);水稻移栽30 d和60 d时,土壤中有效硫和有效锌含量仍显著高于对照,有效态镉显著低于对照,但随着时间的推移均呈下降趋势,水稻根系和糙米镉含量较对照降低了31.0%(P<0.05)和38.9%(P<0.05)。与对照相比,施用蒜皮(1 g kg-1)的土壤有效硫随时间的推移呈上升趋势,同时有效态镉含量下降,水稻根系和糙米中镉含量降低,但差异均不显著。锌肥与蒜皮配合施用的效果优于两者单施。因此,淹水还原条件下施用适量含硫锌肥可有效降低污染土壤中镉的活性,减少水稻的镉累积,而本试验条件下施用富含巯基的蒜皮效果不明显。