不同内外生菌根菌接种对米老排苗期的生长效应

9 mycorrhizal fungi, including 4 ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) and 5 arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), were used to explore their effect on seedling growth of Mytilaria laosensis. The study shows that M. laosensis is one of the species with both VAM and ECM. Mycorrhizal infection rate of all ECM inoculation methods reached level 3, and that of AMF infection rate was 88%-93%, of which AM91 became the highest. In different periods, different inoculation treatment expressed different effects on seedling growth. At the end of the experiment, the height, ground diameter, underground dry mass and upper ground dry mass of seedling inoculated with PX0801 and 9006 respectively increased by 71%, 45%, 128%, 184%, and 65%, 54%,150%, 208%, which exhibited the best overall effect. Coinoculated seedlings with AM90036, AM3008 and AM91 had advantages over uninoculated ones in all the tested growth indicators, which suggest to significantly promote the growth of M.laosensis. The results obtained provide reference for mycorrhizal fungi application on M. laosensis.     

不同施肥条件下丛枝菌根对1年生杨树扦插苗生长的影响

不同施肥条件下丛枝菌根真菌对1年生杨树扦插苗生长的影响研究结果表明,供试的4种丛枝菌根真菌均能与1年生杨树扦插苗形成菌根,并可显著提高苗木生长量,其中Glomussinuasa对1年生杨树扦插苗的生长促进作用最大,其次为Glomuslnosseae。丛枝菌根真菌与肥料之间的互作效应分析结果表明,供试的4种丛枝菌根真菌对磷肥的利用效率显著高于氮肥;     

车八岭苗圃三种国家二级保护植物的菌根研究

报道了广东省车八岭国家级自然保护区苗圃中观光木（Ｔｓｏｏｎｇｉｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎ ｏｄｏｒｕｍ）、伞花木（Ｅｕｒｙｃｏｒｍｂｕｓ ｃａｖａｌｅｒｉｅｉ）和伯乐树（Ｂｒｅｔｓｃｈｎｉｅｄｅｒａ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）等３种国家二级保护苗木的菌根特点和根际土ＶＡ菌根孢子的主要类型。结果显示,３种植物均可与真全枝－泡囊型菌根（ｖｅｓｉｃｕｌａｒ－ａｒｂｕｓｃｕｌａｒ ｍｙｃｏｒｒｈｉｚａ）,菌根感染率分别为８     

温度和光照强度对内生菌根菌根内泡囊量的影响

采用人工气候箱在不同温度和光照强度条件下对4种内生菌根菌在白三叶草根内泡囊的变化进行了研究．试验结果表明：G．mosseae、G．versiforme、和G．intraradicec菌根菌在根内的泡囊量随温度和光照强度的升高而上升，而G．sunasa菌根菌却下降；在相同条件下，G．intraradicec菌根菌的根内泡囊量最多，G．rnosseae和G．versiforme次之，且二者数量相当，G．sunasa最少；高温度和高光照强度比低温度低光照强度下泡囊降解的速率慢．     

Mycorrhizal and common root-rot infection,and nutrient accumulation in barley grown on breton loam using N from biological fixation or fertilizer

Summary This paper presents soil biological data from a study on the functioning of three soil-plant systems on a Gray Luvisol in Cryoboreal Subhumid central Alberta. The systems were (1) an agroecological 8-year rotation, (2) a continuous grain system, both established in 1981, and (3) a classical Breton 5-year rotation established in 1930. The objectives were to (1) determine whether changes in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) populations occurred in soil under these cropping systems, (2) discover whether these cropping systems and/or VAM infection influenced the incidence of common root rot (Bipolaris sorokiniana), and (3) use nutrient translocation indices to test the hypothesis that soil quality influences non-specific physiological conditions in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). VAM fungal propagules in soil samples and VAM infection under controlled conditions were significantly affected by the cropping system. VAM infection accounted for more than 85% of the variability in grain yield, plant biomass yield, and plant uptake of K, S, Ca, Fe, and Zn under controlled conditions. Backward-elimination regression analyses showed that under these conditions of high available P, plant P uptake was governed by the quantity of extractable P in the soil (r ²=0.82); the VAM infection contributed practically nothing when combined with available P (R ²=0.84). Neither VAM infection nor the cropping system were related to the B. sorokiniana infection in the barley. The growth of B. sorokiniana was equal, and its sporulation superior, when grown on residues of the non-host fababean (Vicia faba L.), compared with growth on residues of barley. Higher translocation of plant nutrients to the grain in the agroecological compared with the continuous grain treatments suggested that VAM and/or the soil history affected plant physiology, possible through hormonal effects. Superior barley yields in the agroecological compared with the continuous grain treatments were partly due to increased VAM colonization, greater nutrient accumulation and translocation to the grain, but not to a reduced disease incidence. These results demonstrate the benefits of a holistic systems approach while studying biological interactions involving plants and groups of soil microorganisms.(ICRISAT journal article number 1161)     

开发矿棉为人工培养土的综合报告

本文综合大量研究资料论述了VAM对植物吸收P、N、S、B、K、Ca、Mg、Na、Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe、Al、Si等矿质元素的影响,并对VAM在减轻或避免重金属毒害等方面的作用进行探讨。     

Soil pH,rhizobia, and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae inoculation effects on growth and heavy metal uptake of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Summary The interaction between soil pH and inoculation with rhizobia and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) was studied in an industrially polluted soil contaminated with high levels of Zn and Cd. A silt loam soil (pH 6.7) was amended with Ca(OH)₂ or elemental S to adjust the soil pH to 4.3, 5.3, 6.0, and 7.2. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was planted in each treated soil an subsequently inoculated with Rhizobium meliloti and/or a mixed VAM spore population. Alfalfa growing in soils at a pH of 4.3 and 5.3 failed to survive as a result of soil acidity and heavy metal toxicity. At the three higher pH values, growth and foliar N and P were significantly increased by inoculation with rhizobia or VAM. The greatest increase was observed when both VAM and rhizobia were inoculated together into the soil. With a soil pH of 6.0 and 6.7, the available heavy metal concentration in the soil was high and the VAM significantly decreased heavy metal uptake from these soils. The foliar concentration of Zn was reduced from 455 to 306 g g^–1 by inoculation with VAM (pH 6.0). At the highest soil pH (7.2), however, available heavy metal concentrations were generally lower and NAM significantly increased the heavy metal uptake. The influence of VAM on heavy metal uptake thus appears to be partly a function of the available heavy metal content in the soil.     

Growth dependency of wild,primitive and modern cultivated wheat lines on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi

Summary Mycorrhizal colonization and growth dependency were studied at a single rate of phosphorous application in wild and cultivated primitive and modern wheats, inoculated with Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith. Mycorrhizal colonization found in Triticum timopheevii var. araraticum (AAGG) was higher than that found in the other tetraploid wheats (AABB). Mycorrhizal dependency was higher in representatives of the D genome donor — Aegilops squarrosa, compared with representatives of the A and possible B genome donors T. monococcum and Ae. sharonensis, Ae. longissima and Ae. speltoides, respectively. The nature of response to VAM in hexaploid wheat was controlled by factors of the A and B genomes which are epistatic over those located in the D genome. The high mycorrhizal colonization and dependency which was found in T. timopheevii var. araraticum may indicate special genomic affinity possessed by the G genome of wheat in VAM interaction. Based on the 27 wheat lines and species tested in this study only low correlation between G. intraradices colonization and its contribution to plant growth can be suggested.     

VA菌根真菌对棉花磷素吸收及生长的效应

采用³²P示踪技术研究了盆载和田间条件下接种VA菌根真菌对棉花生长、吸收磷素及产量的影响.结果表明,接种VA菌根真菌能够增加棉花对土壤固有磷素和肥料磷的吸收,提高棉花对磷肥的利用率,促进棉花生长,提高单株结铃数,增加籽棉产量.田间接种菌根真菌可起到节省磷肥、提高磷肥效益的作用.     

Growth and Yield Response of Lentil Cultivars to Phosphorus, Zinc and Biofertilizers

A field experiment was conducted to study the growth and yield responses of lentil cultivars to phosphorus, zinc and biofertilizer application on a sandy loam soil during the winter seasons of 1989–90 and 1990–91 at the farm of Division of Agronomy, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. The two lentil cultivars used in the study were Microsperma (JL 1) and Macrosperma (Lens 4076) and the biofertilizers were Rhizobium and VAM fungi. Results showed that higher values of LAI, root nodulation, yield attributes (number of pods plant⁻¹, number of grains pod⁻¹ and grain yield plant⁻¹), grain yield and harvest index were obtained from JL 1 whereas plant height and 1000 grain weight were higher in Lens 4076. Application of 17.2 kg Pha⁻¹ as single superphosphate (SSP) along with 5 kg Znha⁻¹ as zinc sulphate resulted in marked improvement in growth and yield attributes, grain yield and harvest index when compared with the 17.2 kg P as rock phosphate (with and without Zn) and the control treatments. Combined inoculation of Rhizobium and VAM fungi resulted in improved growth and yield attributes, grain yield and harvest index when compared with inoculation of either of the inocula at a time.