优良牧草引种试验初报

为寻求适合毛乌素沙区大力发展舍饲养殖业的优质高产主效牧草品种,探索农牧交错牧业 可持续发展的有效途径,特在红石峡沙地引进７种牧草进行试验。结果表明,所引牧草新品种完全适生于引种区的气候条件和土壤条件,其抗逆性强,并能获得较高的经济、生态和社会效益。建议在毛乌素沙区大力推广。     

短花针茅荒漠草原主要牧草再生特性及其影响因素的研究

本试验对短花针茅荒漠草原建群种、优势种、次优势种和主要伴生种的再生性及其影响因素进行研究探讨。结果表明该草地供试草种的再生能力不同,再生性及其强弱主要取决于草种的生物学特性和再生期间的环境条件以及留茬高度、灌水和施肥等栽培措施。年内连续多次刈割,使牧草贮藏养分(主要是可溶性碳水化合物)含量下降,到初霜后降至最低点。     

Rehabilitation of a lignite mine‐disturbed area in the Indian desert

Extensive lignite mining in the Indian (Thar) Desert commenced within the past decade. Accompanying extraction of this valuable resource there have been visible, important environmental impacts. The resultant land degradation has prompted concern from both public and regulatory bodies. This research assesses the success of rehabilitation plans implemented to revegetate a lignite mine‐disturbed area, near the village of Giral in western Rajasthan State. Rehabilitation success was achieved within the environmental constraints of this northwest Indian hot‐desert ecosystem using a combination of: (1) backfilling (abandoned pits) with minespoil and of covering the backfilled‐surfaces with fresh topsoil to a thickness of about 0·30 m; (2) use of micro‐catchment rainwater harvesting (MCWH) technique; (3) soil profile modification approaches; (4) plant establishment methodologies; and (5) the selection of appropriate germplasm material (trees, shrubs and grasses). Preliminary results indicate that the resulting vegetative cover will be capable of self‐perpetuation under natural conditions while at the same time meeting the land‐use requirements of the local people. The minespoil is alkaline in nature and has high electrical conductance. The average content of organic carbon, N, P and K is lower than in the regional topsoil. However, the concentration of Ca, Mg, Na and total S in the minespoil is much higher than in the topsoil. Further, the spoil material has no biological activity. Enhanced plant growth was achieved in MCWH plots, compared to control plots, where minespoil moisture storage was improved by 18–43 per cent. The rehabilitation protocol used at the site appears to have been successful because, in addition to the planted species, desirable native invasive species have become established. This study developed methods for the rehabilitation of lignite mine‐disturbed areas and has also resulted in an understanding of rehabilitation processes in arid regions with an emphasis on the long‐term monitoring of rehabilitation success. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of repeated drought on soil microarthropod communities in the northern Chihuahuan Desert

 Soil microarthropods were sampled in plots centered on creosotebushes (Larrea tridentata) and in plots centered on mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) coppice dunes. Nine plots in each area were covered by rain-out shelters with greenhouse plastic roofs which excluded natural rainfall and nine plots received natural rainfall. There were differences in the abundance of several mite taxa in soils from the mesquite coppice dune plots. Some taxa (Stigmaeidae, Nanorchestidae, and Entomobryidae) occurred in significantly lower numbers in the soils of the drought plots. Other taxa (Tarsonemidae and Cunaxidae) were more abundant in the drought plots in the mesquite coppice dunes. There were no significant differences in the abundance of any of the dominant taxa of soil microarthropods in the drought and control plots centered on creosotebush. In the creosotebush habitat, there were significantly fewer Prostigmata in the plots exposed to drought. In an area with both creosotebush and mesquite, there were no significant differences in microarthropod population responses to drought and in recovery from drought. The differences in responses of soil microarthropods to drought in creosotebush and mesquite habitats are attributed to the differences in soil stability, litter accumulations, and microclimate associated with the shrubs. Received: 29 December 1997     

Characteristics and mineralogy of desert alluvial soils: Wadi Zegrir,Northern Sahara of Algeria

Few studies on the characteristics and mineralogical trends of the soils in the Sahara Desert have been reported in the literature. This work aims at studying the morphology, the classification, and the mineralogy of desert alluvial soils of the Mzab region in the Northern Sahara, Algeria. Morphological and analytical studies carried out on fourteen pedons of wadi Zegrir over a range of elevations (250–850?m) indicate that the soils are sandy to silty clay, nonsaline (electrical conductivity, EC?相似文献   

Contents of soil organic carbon and nitrogen in water-stable aggregates in abandoned agricultural lands in an arid ecosystem of Northwest China

Soil organic matter content in water-stable aggregates(WSA) in the arid ecosystems(abandoned agricultural lands especially) of China is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the WSA sizes and stability, and soil organic carbon(OC) and nitrogen(N) contents in agricultural lands with abandonment ages of 0, 3, 12, 20, 30 and 40 years, respectively, in the Minqin Oasis of Northwest China. The total soil OC and N contents at depths of 0–20, 20–40 and 40–60 cm in abandoned agricultural lands were compared to those in cultivated land(the control). Agricultural land abandonment significantly(P0.05) influenced the distribution of MWD(mean weight diameter), and OC and N contents. There were significant increases in MWD and the proportion of macroaggregates(sizes 0.25 mm) as the age of agricultural land abandonment increased. The effect of abandonment ages of agricultural lands on MWD was determined by the changes of OC and N accumulation in WSA sizes 2 mm. The total OC and N contents presented a stratification phenomenon across soil depths in this arid ecosystem. That is, both of them decreased significantly at depths of 0–20 and 40–60 cm while increased at the depth of 20–40 cm. The WSA sizes 0.053 mm had the highest soil OC and N contents(accounting for 51.41%–55.59% and 42.61%–48.94% of their total, respectively). Soil OC and N contents in microaggregates(sizes 0.053–0.25 mm) were the dominant factors that influenced the variations of total OC and N contents in abandoned agricultural lands. The results of this study suggested that agricultural land abandonment may result in the recovery of WSA stability and the shifting of soil organic matter from the silt+clay(0.053 mm) and microaggregate fractions to the macroaggregate fractions. However, agricultural land abandonment did not increase total soil OC and N contents in the short-term.     

黄河乌兰布和沙漠段沿岸沙丘形态及其运移特征

为更合理、精确地计算黄河乌兰布和沙漠段的入黄沙量,探明其对黄河沿岸植被造成的影响程度,以黄河乌兰布和沙漠段沿岸沙丘为研究对象,通过野外地貌调查、沙丘形态测量和遥感解译对其沙丘的形态特征及其运移特征进行了系统研究。结果表明:乌兰布和沙漠沿黄段沙丘以走向西南—东北的新月型沙丘和新月型沙丘链为主,沙丘剖面形态不对称,具有明显落沙坡;在发育过程中同时受到了西南风和西北风的显著影响,5年内以沙丘整体向河道推进为主,共移动19.45m,具有单向快速运移的特点,且沙丘不断向黄河侵袭,应采取措施予以遏制。     

5-氨基乙酰丙酸和叶面肥对荒漠区设施番茄和辣椒生长发育、产量和品质的影响

为外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)在荒漠地区设施园艺中的推广和应用,以番茄和辣椒为材料,设置清水、叶面肥和外源ALA(5-氨基乙酰丙酸)3个处理,研究外源ALA和叶面肥处理对荒漠区番茄和辣椒生长及产量品质的影响。结果表明,外源ALA和叶面肥均可促进荒漠区番茄和辣椒的生长,并显著改善果实相关品质。其中ALA处理的番茄株高、茎粗、叶片数和冠径与对照相比分别提高15.45%、8.33%、13.69%和8.58%,辣椒叶片数提高22.79%;番茄果实固酸比提高8.86%,辣椒可溶性固形物质量分数提高8.59%,并且还能够提高番茄和辣椒的产量。可见,ALA和叶面肥对荒漠区设施番茄和辣椒的生长都表现一定的促进作用,对品质有不同程度的改善,同时也提高了产量。     

安化云台山国家石漠公园建设条件的SWOT分析

研究以安化云台山国家石漠公园为研究对象,运用SWOT分析法系统地对其建设条件进行了优势(S)、劣势(W)、机遇(O)、威胁(T)剖析,再运用系统分析的思想将这些因素相互匹配,设计了SWOT战略分析矩阵,从中得出相应的结论,以之为依据,提出了喀斯特生态公园建设的战略对策和行动计划。研究表明,安化云台山具备建设国家石漠公园的基础条件与发展机遇,但亦面临一定的挑战。     

Responses of native legume desert trees used for reforestation in the Sonoran Desert to plant growth-promoting microorganisms in screen house

Three slow-growing legume trees used for desert reforestation and urban gardening in the Sonoran Desert of Northwestern Mexico and the Southwestern USA were evaluated whether their growth can be promoted by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria (Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), unidentified arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (mainly Glomus sp.), and supplementation with common compost under regular screenhouse cultivation common to these trees in nurseries. Mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata) and yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) had different positive responses to several of the parameters tested while blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) did not respond. Survival of all tree species was over 80% and survival of mesquite was almost 100% after 10 months of cultivation. Inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms induced significant effects on the leaf gas exchange of these trees, measured as transpiration and diffusive resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions.