浅谈预应力混凝土受扭构件的承载力计算

根据工程实践经验对预应力混凝土构件在弯剪扭共同作用下的承载力计算做一简单介绍。     

Combined effect of wood moisture content,drill bit rotational speed and feed rate on drilling resistance measurements in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)

ABSTRACT

An IML-RESI PD 400 drilling tool and a standard spade drill bit (IML System GmbH, Wiesloch, Germany) were used to study the combined effect of wood moisture content (MC), drill bit rotational speed and feed rate on drilling resistance (DR) and feeding force (FF). Tests were made with Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) conditioned in a normal climate (20°C/65% RH), at 20°C/95% RH, vacuum-pressure impregnated in water, and oven-dried. Rotational speeds and feed rates had an impact on feed rate per cutting edge for the major cutting edge of the drill bit which was used for correlation with DR and FF for various MC. Impact of MC on DR and FF depended on rotational speeds and feed rates of the drill bit. For feed rates per cutting edge less than 0.09?mm, DR was higher for water saturated (WS) specimens. Negligible differences between DR for various MC were found for feed rates per cutting edge between 0.09 and 0.15?mm. DR was higher at low MC for feed rates per cutting edge which were higher than 0.15?mm. FF extremely increased in conditioned (20°C/95% RH) and WS specimens at feed rates per cutting edge less than 0.1?mm.     

Shear strength of beam splice joints with glued-in rods

Splitting failure in beam splice joints with glued-in rods parallel to grain in endwood subjected to pure shear is considered. A simple theoretical expression based on beam-on-elastic-foundation theory and quasi-non-linear fracture mechanics is presented for calculation of the joint strength. Tests were conducted on jointed beams in a four-point bending test setup in which the joints were located at the point of pure shear force. Hardwood dowels with a diameter of 12mm and a glued-in length of 120mm were used as rods, and various beam cross sections and dowel configurations were tested. The theory presented is found to agree well with test results in all cases in which the edge distance of the glued-in rods is relatively small. Some test results indicate that the theory may be conservative in case of large edge distances.     

Estimation of shear moduli of wood by quasi-simple shear tests

A quasi-simple shear test, which is the most direct method for examining the shear properties of sheet metals, has been applied to measure the shear moduli of wood. Buna (Fagus crenata Blume) with variously sized shear regions was used for the test specimens. Strain gauges were mounted in the center of the shear regions to measure the shear strains. The shear tests were carried out to determine the shear moduli in the radial and tangential planes. Apparent shear moduli obtained from the experimental results were corrected by finite element method (FEM) simulation of the shear region, where both shearing and bending are produced. It was found that the corrected shear moduli are roughly independent of test conditions, and their values are in good agreement with the data obtained from bending-shear tests. This suggests that the method employed here can effectively estimate the shear moduli of wood.Part of this research was presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Society of Materials Science, Osaka, May 2001     

丽江坝区植被覆盖度时空变化驱动力研究

植被覆盖度是表征植被生长状态、生态系统变化的重要参数,对景观格局变化、城乡发展研究有重要意义。为揭示社会经济活动对植被覆盖度时空分布的影响,基于局部加权回归法构建时间序列曲线,以丽江坝区1987、1991、1994、2010、2018年5期Landsat遥感影像为数据源,采用回归趋势与同心圆空间梯度模型获得植被覆盖度时空变化特征,并运用偏最小二乘回归模型进行驱动力分析。结果表明,1987-2018年,研究区的主城区内和村落周边的植被覆盖发生了明显退化;主城区内植被覆盖的地区破碎化程度高于郊区,主城区内中低、中等覆盖度地区的斑块形状逐渐复杂、景观连接度增加,中高、高植被覆盖度地区斑块形状越发规则,高植被覆盖度地区的连接度逐渐降低;主城区及其周边的中低、中等植被覆盖度的斑块分布逐渐密集,中高、高覆盖度的斑块聚集度逐渐降低;日照时数、人口密度、公路客运量、财政收入是丽江坝区植被覆盖度变化的主要驱动力。     

网线直径和模拟渔获物对拖网网囊水阻力及形态影响

为探究网线直径和渔获物对拖网网囊水阻力及形态的影响,本研究利用上海海洋大学循环动水槽对3顶不同网线直径（1.11 mm、0.96 mm、0.54 mm）的网囊结构在5种流速（0.5 m/s、0.6 m/s、0.7 m/s、0.8 m/s、0.9 m/s）和2种渔获状态（空网、存在渔获物）下进行试验,比较分析各条件下网囊形态、水阻力和横向缩结系数的变化。结果表明：1）空网条件下,网囊阻力系数随网线直径的增大而增大;随雷诺数的增加,阻力系数呈减小的趋势。2）网囊水阻力与流速、网线直径和渔获量呈正相关关系。3）存在模拟渔获物网囊随着网线直径的增大,中部宽度增大;随着流速的增加,网囊长度的增加较空网网囊更为明显;空网网囊整体形态较饱满。4）空网网囊横向缩结系数先减小后趋于平缓,而存在模拟渔获物网囊横向缩结系数先减小后增至最大。本研究结果可为改善拖网网囊水动力性能,提高渔具的作业特性及选择性提供科学基础依据。     

基于接触摩擦特性的清管器清洁能力评价方法

基于三维有限元数值模拟方法,从密封元件的接触摩擦特性出发,创新性地提出一种清管器清洁能力评价方法。利用ANSYS软件建立两种常见形式的清管器在水平直管内运行的三维有限元模型,并通过现场试验对其准确性进行验证。通过分析计算结果,分别对不同摩擦工况下的两种清管器的清洁能力进行对比。研究结果表明:接触摩擦因数对清管器在运行过程中的密封紧密度、切向刮擦力、有效清洁面积均存在影响,随着摩擦因数的增加,清管器密封元件的切向刮擦力增大,而接触紧密度和接触面积减小。在相同摩擦工况下,当密封元件材料和过盈量相同时,直板型清管器的密封紧密度和刮擦力均优于皮碗型清管器;然而在运行相同距离的情况下,皮碗型清管器所能产生的有效清洁面积大于直板型清管器。根据待清洁管道内的杂质类型来合理选择清管器种类可以有效发挥其清洁能力,提高清洁效率。     

混合动力汽车制动控制策略的研究

提出一种基于ECE法规和理想制动力分配曲线的制动能量回收控制策略。利用MATLAB/Simulink搭建控制策略模型,并在AVL Cruise中进行联合仿真。通过NEDC工况仿真,证明所提出的制动能量回收控制策略能有效提高混合动力汽车的续航里程。最后通过实车试验,进一步验证了该控制策略的有效性。     

基于乡村振兴背景的新型职业农民培训问题探析——以四川省某市A村为例

为提高新型职业农民培训的效果,以四川省某市A村为例,调查分析新型职业农民培训的效果和存在的主要问题。调查结果表明,青年劳动力严重流失和培训内容缺乏针对性,是培训效果不佳的主要原因。基于乡村振兴的大背景,有针对性的提出改进培训效果的建议。