玉米人工合成群体产量相关性状选择潜势及杂种优势模式分析

采用NCⅡ遗传交配设计 ,以分属于不同杂种优势群的 6个自交系做测验种 ,与 6个合成群体组配成 36个组合。结果表明 :单株产量的GCA以LBM最高 ,其次为WBM ,从株型、穗型性状的SCA分析合成群体与自交系组成了 9个优良杂种优势模式。单株产量最高的组合为HZ85×WBM ,其均值为 10 8 75g。通过对优良杂优模式内的变异参数估计 ,在群体内有丰富的变异个体 ,具有很强的选择潜势。组合内个体产量分布以及出现的频率对选系和轮回选择具有明确的指导意义。人工合成群体具有丰富的遗传变异 ,分属于不同的杂种优势类群 ,具有多元种质的特性。作为选系和轮回选择群体 ,具有明显的选择潜势     

原生质体载体技术在马铃薯育种中的应用

综述了原生质体载体技术在育种中的应用:体细胞杂交、以原生质体为受体细胞的DNA直接导入转化、体细胞无性系变异、胁迫耐受系的选择,同时针对马铃薯的生物学特性、育种现状及其原生质体方面的研究现状,提出利用原生质体载体技术进行马铃薯育种的优势和切实可行性。     

Past, present and future criteria to breed crops for water-limited environments in West Africa

Asia's Green Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s has largely bypassed West Africa, and “modern” (high-yielding, input responsive) germplasm for staple crops has found comparatively little adoption, except for systems that are have good access to markets and sufficient water resources. It is unlikely, however, that breeding objectives conserving traditional crop characteristics as found in extensive systems would have been more successful. The authors identify systems caught in the agricultural transition from subsistence to intensified, market-oriented production as the most important target for crop improvement, and provide examples of new breeding objectives for cowpea, sorghum and upland rice. In each of these cases, breeders, with the help of physiologists, have developed innovative plant-type concepts that combine improved yield potential and input responsiveness with specific traditional crop characteristics that remain essential during the agricultural transition. In the case of cowpea, dual-purpose varieties were developed that produce a good grain yield due to an erect plant habit, then produce new leaves enabling a second harvest of green foliage. For upland rice systems that are limited by labour (mainly needed to control weeds that abound due to shortened fallow periods), a weed competitive plant type was developed from Oryza sativa × Oryza glaberrima crosses. Lastly, sorghum breeders who had previously deselected photoperiod sensitivity are now re-inserting sensitivity into plants having “modern” architecture, in order to allow for flexible sowing dates while maintaining an agro-ecologically optimal time of flowering near the end of the wet season. The ecophysiological basis of these plant types, their place in current and future cropping systems, as well as the problem of under-funding for their realisation, are discussed.     

灌区评估指标的选取及灰关联分析

该文探讨了灌区评估指标体系的建立方法,对评估指标的选取与预处理进行了系统分析,并尝试应用灰色系统理论中的灰关联度分析法,对灌区评估指标进行关联分析,从而很方便地进行灌区之间的评估、排队及比较,与传统的强制打分法相比,此法简便易行,无需预先建立评判标准,因此是一种新的评估分析法。     

水泵进水设计模型试验方法

模型试验是国际上普遍采用的检验和改进泵站进水设计的主要方法,而试验标准则是水泵进水设计模型试验的重要依据;目前我国尚未有关于泵站进水设计模型试验的试验标准。本文简要讨论了水泵进水设计的整体概念,并根据美国国家标准《水泵进水设计》(ANSI／HI9．8-1998),介绍了水泵进水设计模型试验的目的、主要内容、试验准则、测试方法、试验方案和试验结果评价等主要内容。     

甜菜二倍体授粉系的选育技术

介绍了甜菜二倍体授粉系经过群体淘汰、定向选择、小区试验、横向对比等一系列步骤,最终精选出较为理想的父系的育种程序。     

我国梨芽变育成品种分析及芽变性状变异机制研究进展

通过对梨已育成芽变品种/品系进行整理分析,将芽变涉及的变异性状分为5大类和16小类,这些变异性状主要集中在大果型、果实皮色、成熟期、耐贮性及自交亲和性等方面。综述了不同芽变品种及相关性状的研究进展,大果型芽变分别由染色体加倍与控制果重基因变异2种因素引起;果实皮色芽变分别由花青苷、叶绿素、木栓合成途径中的基因变异引起;S-基因位点的变异形成了自交亲和性芽变。探讨了芽变选育在梨的不同品质性状改良中的有效性,并对梨芽变选育方法相关研究及技术的发展进行了展望。     

标准文献的CNMARC格式著录和标引

标准文献与普通图书相比有许多不同之处。主要介绍了我国标准文献的概况、特征、主要著录项目及信息源。用实例探讨了标准文献特有的CNMARC著录方法及标引。     

加工萝卜蜀萝9号(038A/C9274)的选育与应用

介绍了适合四川蔬菜加工的萝卜品种蜀萝9号的亲本选育经过、组合配制、品比试验、多点试验、生产试验与示范中的表现,结果表明:2年的生产示范产量可达61.02 t/hm2,比对照增产11.60%,增加经济效益显著。并对其理化品质分析的表明,蜀萝9号符合加工萝卜和企业深加工的要求,此外还提出了蜀萝9号的栽培技术与制种技术。