The importance of fine-scale savanna heterogeneity for reptiles and small mammals

Tropical savannas are an important reservoir of global biodiversity. Australia’s extensive savannas, although still largely intact, are experiencing substantial declines in terrestrial biodiversity due to a variety of interrelated effects of altered fire regimes, grazing and increases in invasive species. These disturbance processes are spatially variable, combine to increase landscape to local-scale landscape heterogeneity, but rarely result in well-defined patch boundaries. We quantified the importance of this heterogeneity for native reptile and small mammal species in a tropical savanna landscape of Queensland, Australia. We used high resolution remote sensing imagery (IKONOS) to map habitat pattern at a 4 m spatial resolution and at variable extents. We found that landscapes dominated by grass or bare ground had low reptile and small mammal diversity, while landscapes with a heterogeneous mix of grass, bare ground and trees had high species diversity and relative abundance of most species. Landscape heterogeneity may increase reptile and small mammal species richness by: (i) increasing the variety and abundance of foraging resources such as seeds and invertebrates; (ii) providing cover from predators and high summer temperatures; and (iii) increasing functional connectivity and dispersal success. The importance of these resources and processes varies among individual species and at different spatial scales, reiterating the need to consider habitat requirements of multiple species in landscape management and conservation planning.     

柔性垫网接触式间歇干燥单板的中间试验

利用柔性垫网接触式间歇干燥单板的方法对毛白杨单板进行干燥。中间试验结果表明，此方法提高了单板干燥质量，生产工艺可行。     

投资促进还是效率促进——中国产品出口竞争力影响因素研究

使用1998~2008年的行业面板数据，研究中国产品出口竞争力的影响因素，结果显示：行业的生产效率与行业规模显著地提高了中国产品的出口竞争力，而外商直接投资以及国内投资对中国产品出口竞争力影响却成中性结果；分行业的研究显示，行业工资水平对资源与劳动密集型行业的出口竞争力影响显著，而资本密集型行业的出口竞争力则受行业规模因素的影响，这一结论表明：走内涵发展道路，提高劳动生产效率是维持与提升资源与劳动密集型行业产业出口竞争力的主导方向，而对于中国的资本与技术密集型产业而言，先扩大规模再发展内涵是一条现实的路径选择。     

断层和裂缝尺度识别的地球物理方法探讨

由于地球物理方法本身受分辨率和保真度的限制,其在断层和裂缝识别上的应用也就有精度和尺度上的差异。为此,可采用不同的方法技术来识别不同尺度的断层和裂缝,即在断层识别上,利用地震剖面和水平切片解释大断层,采用相干分析方法识别小断层;在裂缝识别上,主要采用多方位AVO方法识别大尺度裂缝的发育特征,采用成像测井来识别微小裂缝的特征情况。实际应用表明,上述方法在相应尺度断层和裂缝上的识别效果较好。     

Scale stocking checks to differentiate between hatchery-reared and wild mulloway Argyrosomus japonicus

Abstract  Scales from hatchery-reared, stocked and wild mulloway Argyrosomus japonicus (Temminck and Schlegel) captured in the Georges River, and a library of mulloway scales from coastal New South Wales, were examined for the presence of scale checks. Checks specific for hatchery-reared fish were present in 100% of recaptured hatchery-reared mulloway; the origin of which was confirmed by the presence of a chemical mark in the otolith or fin spine. Up to 7% of wild mulloway were incorrectly classified as hatchery-reared on the basis of these checks. An abrupt reduction in salinity from 35 to 5 and 6 days starvation successfully induced checks in the scales of hatchery-reared mulloway. The marking efficiency for stocking checks was comparable to that obtained using oxytetracycline hydrochloride, and supports the short-term use of scale stocking checks to evaluate mulloway stock enhancement programmes in Australia.     

Scale-dependent habitat use in three species of prairie wetland birds

We evaluated the influence of scale on habitat use for three wetland-obligate bird species with divergent life history characteristics and possible scale-dependent criteria for nesting and foraging in South Dakota, USA. A stratified, two-stage cluster sample was used to randomly select survey wetlands within strata defined by region, wetland density, and wetland surface area. We used 18-m (0.1 ha) fixed radius circular-plots to survey birds in 412 semipermanent wetlands during the summers of 1995 and 1996. Variation in habitat use by pied-billed grebes (Podilymbus podiceps) and yellow-headed blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus), two sedentary species that rarely exploit resources outside the vicinity of nest wetlands, was explained solely by within-patch variation. Yellow-headed blackbirds were a cosmopolitan species that commonly nested in small wetlands, whereas pied-billed grebes were an area-sensitive species that used larger wetlands regardless of landscape pattern. Area requirements for black terns (Chlidonias niger), a vagile species that typically forages up to 4 km away from the nest wetland, fluctuated in response to landscape structure. Black tern area requirements were small (6.5 ha) in heterogeneous landscapes compared to those in homogeneous landscapes (15.4–32.6 ha). Low wetland density landscapes composed of small wetlands, where few nesting wetlands occurred and potential food sources were spread over large distances, were not widely used by black terns. Landscape-level measurements related to black tern occurrence extended past relationships between wetlands into the surrounding matrix. Black terns were more likely to occur in landscapes where grasslands had not been tilled for agricultural production. Our findings represent empirical evidence that characteristics of entire landscapes, rather than individual patches, must be quantified to assess habitat suitability for wide-ranging species that use resources over large areas.     

一种适合于磷系和弱碱性水处理系统的聚合物阻垢剂

研究了以水为溶剂、过硫酸盐为引发剂合成的马来酸酐—烯丙基磺酸钠(MA—SAS)聚合物阻垢剂对磷酸钙、锌盐、碳酸钙和硫酸钙垢物的阻垢效果，探讨了介质pH值、Ca^2 浓度、温度和阻垢剂浓度对MA—SAS阻垢效果的影响．结果表明，MA—SAS共聚物在较宽pH值范围内对这些垢物均具有良好的抑制作用，既适用于磷系配方的循环水，也可用于中等硬度(160—240mg／L)、弱碱性(pH值8—9)和中等温度(50—60℃)的循环水系统．     

安徽省石台县长江防护林工程建设现状研究

系统研究了石台县2001年~2007年长江防护林工程建设情况,特别是其4个主要工程类别:人工造林、低产林改造、幼林抚育和封山育林工程的建设规模和资金投入结构。在此基础上,结合该县长防林工程建设的成功经验、取得的三大效益及尚存在的主要问题,作者建议在今后的长防林建设工程中应该加强工程管理、增加国家投资、拓宽融资渠道、巩固基层林站和加强监督监测等。     

大型农业养殖企业控制与管理集成系统研究

首先对CIMS理论及其体系扩展进行分析,并进一步对农业养殖企业控制与管理集成系统的构建统理论和实施进行研究,最后以一家大型农业概念上市公司为例,进行大型农业养殖企业CIMS系统设计的实证研究。