台湾各县市休闲农业现状分析

台湾休闲农业起步早、发展快,各县市各有特色。综合休闲农业区、休闲农场和民宿的发展和经营情况分析,结果表明台湾休闲农业的地区分布以中部与东部相对发达,而县市中则以宜兰县、南投县、花莲县和苗栗县发展较好。     

林业生态工程学实践教学探索

实践教学是林业生态工程学的重要教学环节.林业生态工程学应以培养应用型和复合型现代林业生态工程技术人才为目标,其实践教学形式应以教学实习和课程设计为主、以室内实验为补充,以着力培养学生创新精神和实践能力为主线设计实践教学内容体系,重点加强现代林业和现代生物技术以及信息技术的内容,强化学生的技能训练.考核方式要充分考虑实践...     

基于灰色动态关联分析的云南省林业产业结构研究

应用灰色关联理论,计算了2003—2007年间各时间段内云南省林业三次产业与总产出及三次产业内部各亚产业与三次产业产出之间的灰色关联度,并在此基础上对云南省林业产业结构及其灰色动态关联变化进行了全面分析,进而针对今后云南省林业产业结构调整提出了相应的对策与建议。     

现代大规模农业机械化将使东北农村粮食生产产生巨变的认识

黑龙江省2010年由私人投资、政府贴补购机,在农村将筹建440个农机专业合作社,配备了现代化的180～483马力的拖拉机与大型农业机械装备,每个合作社的服务面积为1 330～3 330hm2.由于生产率显著增高,作业的适时性、精准度也随之提高.粮食的单产与总产将将大幅度增加.作物的耕作栽培模式亦需作某些相应的改变.建立...     

Whole farm implications on the application of variable rate technology to every cropped field

In the last 10 years precision agriculture has evolved and it is now possible to manage cropping inputs at the sub field scale. However, the expected return generated by these management practices varies with the amount and predictability of the spatial variation in crop yield across the field and may vary from field to field across the farm. We analysed the spatial variation of crop yield from 20 fields totalling 2832 ha from a 5200 ha farm in Western Australia at the field and the sub field scale to determine the economic value of introducing variable rate management (VRT) strategies to fields across the entire farm. In this case study, 6 out of 20 fields generated an additional economic payoff of AU$15/ha when managed with VRT over uniform management. Sensitivity analysis found that the starting levels of soil fertility were an important driver of the payoff for managing a field with VRT. If starting soil fertility was low and uniform across the field, then no fields generated an economic return of more than AU$7.00/ha when managed with VRT. Other factors, including commodity price, fertiliser price, amount of variation in crop yield within the field moderately increased the value of adopting VRT across fields within farm the value of VRT increased if fertiliser budgets were constrained, particularly if the yield distribution of the field was negatively skewed. While VRT does add value to many fields across the farm, the gains are small and the technology must be implemented cheaply for it to be viable.     

乌干达林业发展概况与林业管理体系

位于非洲东部的乌干达是初级林产品生产国, 原木是其主要林产品。文中通过查阅相关文献资料, 对乌干达的林业管理体系进行了梳理和分析, 概述了乌干达森林资源和林产品贸易状况, 重点介绍了乌干达林业管理机构与林业相关政策法规; 在此基础上, 对我国林业企业参与乌干达森林资源合作开发与利用提出建议。     

两种蛋鸡养殖模式的系统动力学仿真研究

从蛋鸡养殖收益和食品安全的角度出发,运用系统动力学模型构建“一般规模饲养”和“公司+农场”两种蛋鸡饲养模式的因果关系图,分析两种蛋鸡饲养模式供应链运行特点,构建蛋鸡供应链模式的系统动力学模型,对其进行系统仿真,并分析比较两种蛋鸡饲养模式收益和食品安全情况,结果表明：“公司+农场”饲养模式可以增加养殖户收入、保障食品安全,是一种较好的养殖模式,并对此提出对策建议。     

林业生态工程信息分类与编码体系研究

按照科学性与系统性、唯一性、实用性、兼容性、完整性和可扩展性的原则, 根据林业生态工程的系统构造和建造目的, 将林业生态工程分为生态保护型林业生态工程、生态防护型林业生态工程、生态经济型林业生态工程和环境改良型林业生态工程等4大类, 细分为天然林资源保护工程等24小类。林业生态工程信息分为基础信息、设计信息和验收管理信息3大类, 并对林业生态工程进行编码, 编码结构由大类、小类、工程码和扩展码共4级8位码组成。林业生态工程信息数据项如已有相关的标准则沿用已有标准中的相应代码, 否则根据信息属性自行分类与编码。     

规模化肉牛场数字化网络平台开发与应用

为满足集约化肉牛场数字化管理水平和提高繁育效率及遗传进展,基于肉牛从妊娠、产犊、哺乳、干奶到下一个繁殖周期的生产管理流程,将肉牛划分为犊牛、青年牛、育肥牛、成年牛等类型,在设计肉牛基本信息的数据标准规范基础上,采用.Net及SQL Server 2008网络数据库技术,构建了规模化肉牛场包括繁殖、产犊到饲养营养等数据管理及智能分析平台,实现了对肉牛繁殖与育肥生产最核心数据的网络远程数字化管理,主要包括胎间距、胎次结构、系谱跟踪及牛只资料卡等在线动态分析与数据的定向排序与输出,包括母牛发情配种、初检复检、产犊、犊牛断奶、转群、淘汰等各类生产事件的智能提醒,以及各种繁殖、育肥参数的可视化图形统计分析等。对生产过程基本数据的分析及与数据挖掘,提升了基础数据的利用价值,更有利于对规模化肉牛场管理者的科学决策。     

Impacts of off-road traffic on soil physical properties of forest clear-cuts: X-ray and laboratory analysis

Due to the great year-round demand for forest products, off-road forestry traffic occurs even when the ground is susceptible to soil compaction and rutting. We investigated the impacts of repeated passes with a laden forwarder (34?Mg) on the soil physical properties of two clear-cuts on stony till soils in northern Sweden. Core samples (n?=?71) were collected from the top 5?cm of mineral soil in and beside wheel tracks, after six passes with the forwarder. Soil physical properties were quantified using classical soil physical analyses and X-ray tomography. The hydraulic conductivity was 70% lower in the wheel tracks than in the soil beside. The X-ray image analysis indicated that this was due to the smaller total volume and lower connectivity of structural pores (φ?>?60?µm). Total porosity was 24% and 12% lower in the tracks at the two sites respectively, and mean bulk density was 1.39?g?cm^?3 in the tracks, compared to 1.13?g?cm^?3 beside them. To conclude, traffic changed the soil physical properties in a way that may lead to longer periods of high water content in the wheel tracks, increased risk of surface runoff and insufficient aeration for optimal seedling growth.