阳澄湖养蟹网围内外轮虫群落结构的变化及分析

2008年6月至2009年5月对阳澄湖养蟹网围及湖区3组对照点中轮虫群落结构及部分水质特征参数进行调查,分析了轮虫群落结构与环境变量的关系,利用多种参数对其水质进行评价。经鉴定,共采集到轮虫83种,隶属于12科30属。研究表明,网围内3个采样点的年平均生物密度及生物量低于湖区3个采样点,生物密度与水温呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。不同月份受不同环境变量的影响,除4月份外,环境变量对生物密度的影响在采样点之间无差异。相似度分析表明,网围内及相邻湖区的轮虫优势种相似性高。水质分析表明,6个采样点均为富营养化、β-α中污染水体,东湖网围C₁和中湖网围A₁2采样点程度稍轻,但6个采样点之间无显著性差异,这与用卡尔森营养状态指数得出的结果相似。     

Pansteatitis in polluted Olifants River impoundments: nutritional perspectives on fish in a eutrophic lake,Lake Loskop,South Africa

This study compares the aetiology of pansteatitis in Lake Loskop, relative to two other impoundments along the Olifants River. Macroscopic and microscopic pathology, age determination and analysis of stomach content, fatty acids and stable isotopes explain the high prevalence of pansteatitis in Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) and several other species in Lake Loskop. All the dietary indicator comparisons between pansteatitis‐affected and healthy fish fail to support a systemic cause. Pansteatitis in Lake Loskop was linked to size and weight of O. mossambicus, but not to ontogenic age. Fish in Lake Loskop showed abnormally high omega‐3 to omega‐6 fatty acid ratios normally only found in marine fish with no significant difference in degree of assimilation of these fatty acids between pansteatitis‐affected and healthy fish. This explains the vulnerability to, but not the occurrence of, pansteatitis. As a cause for the pansteatitis, these results point towards sporadic vitamin E‐depleting trigger events, known sporadic fish die‐off occurrences that provide surviving fish with a rich source of rancid fats on which to scavenge. The mechanism ties pansteatitis to eutrophication and trophic cascade effects, the intrinsic drivers of the disease and suggests an adaptive management strategy that might be applied by relevant conservation authorities.     

汉阳地区五个湖泊沉水植物分布及富营养化现状

2011年7月—2012年4月对武汉市汉阳地区五个湖泊(后官湖,三角湖,南太子湖,墨水湖和龙阳湖)的水质及沉水植物进行了季节性调查,以了解湖泊富营养化现状及其对沉水植物的影响。结果显示:后官湖为中营养,而三角湖、南太子湖、墨水湖和龙阳湖为重度富营养,其中龙阳湖污染最重。共采集沉水植物7种,隶属于5科5属,主要种类为金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)、苦草(Vallisneria spiralis)和菹草(Potamogeton crispus)。沉水植物主要分布在后官湖沿岸带,其它四个湖泊中沉水植物已严重退化,仅在部分水域偶见。后官湖沉水植物盖度和生物量最大值出现在10月,分别为67.5%和5.58 kg/m~2,1月份较低,分别为29.3%和1.88 kg/m~2,优势种存在明显的季节更替。结果表明,汉阳地区湖泊沉水植物退化与富营养化引起的水下光照下降和高密度的水产养殖有关。     

太白湖主要经济鱼类寄生蠕虫种类调查

2015年12月,采用形态学方法对长江中游的太白湖鱼类鳃和肠道寄生蠕虫进行了初步调查和种类鉴定。结果显示:在调查的15种131尾鱼中,共分离鉴定了36种寄生蠕虫,其中单殖吸虫30种,复殖吸虫1种,绦虫5种;对其中6种单殖吸虫的形态特征进行了重新描述。大部分鱼类的鳃部都感染单殖吸虫,只有4种鱼类的肠道感染寄生蠕虫,较低的体内寄生蠕虫多样性表明该湖泊的生态环境可能受到较严重的干扰。     

黄土丘陵区农业生态安全评价指标体系初探

以纸坊沟流域为例，构建了黄土丘陵区流域农业生态安全评价指标体系。依据该流域近70a来的农业生态安全状况，将该流域生态经济系统演变过程划分为4个阶段。从这4个阶段入手分析影响农业生态安全的主要因子，得出了一系列评价指标。结合选取指标的科学性、动态性、实用性等基本原则，参考压力-状态-响应（PSR）模型和多位专家的建议，进一步筛选、分类和确定评价指标，从而建立了一套由生态环境、社会经济、综合功能3大类，20个具体指标构成的适宜于黄土丘陵区的农业生态安全评价指标体系。     

Transport of subarctic large copepods from the Oyashio area to the mixed water region by the coastal Oyashio intrusion

The lateral transport of organic carbon in large grazing copepods ( Neocalanus cristatus, Neocalanus flemingeri, Neocalanus plumchrus and Eucalanus bungii ) from the Oyashio area to the mixed water region (MWR) by the coastal Oyashio intrusion was estimated using the data of VMPS (vertical multiple plankton sampler) and 1500 dbar-referred geostrophic transport from the CTD (conductivity temperature depth sensor) data of five cruises during June 2001 to April 2002 on a repeat observation section OICE (Oyashio Intensive observation line off Cape Erimo), which extends southeastward from Hokkaido Island, Japan. The transport to MWR by the coastal Oyashio intrusion was estimated to be 5.3 × 10¹¹ g C for the four species. Data from profiling floats also indicated that the copepods were advected from OICE to MWR by the coastal Oyashio intrusion within about 2 months. This transport is considered to be one of the significant sources of organic carbon in MWR as it is larger than the amount of large zooplankton consumed by Pacific saury ( Cololabis saira ) in MWR, one of the dominant copepod predators in this region.     

岗更湖鲫的生长和生活史对策研究

2008年5～9月于岗更湖取得803尾鲫标本,研究了其生长及生活史类型.用鳞片鉴定年龄,鳞径(R)和体长(L)的关系为L=3.667R-1.737;用特殊von Bertalanffy生长方程、一般von Bertalanffy生长方程、Gompertz生长方程和灰色动态生长模型共4种生长模型拟合了岗更湖鲫的生长,根据各模型拟合残差平方和的大小判断,特殊von Bertalanffy生长方程拟合效果最好;根据r-选择和k-选择的典型特征及7个生态学参数值,判断出岗更湖鲫偏向r-选择,应用平衡产量模式计算改变瞬时捕捞死亡率(F)和渔业补充年龄(tc)对应的产量变化,同样证实岗更湖鲫偏向r-选择.作为渔业管理对策,岗更湖鲫的捕捞年龄应在3龄以上,捕捞强度不应超过2.0.     

武汉市夏季养殖湖泊浮游生物测定及比较研究

2007年夏季对武汉市梁子湖、斧头湖、柴泊湖、南湖和野芷湖5个湖泊共13个点的浮游生物进行了监测种类鉴定。5个湖泊有浮游植物133种,其中蓝藻门43种,金藻门1种,黄藻门1种,硅藻门28种,甲藻门6种,裸藻门12种,隐藻门2种,绿藻门40种。浮游动物有43种,其中原生动物14种,轮虫23种,枝角类3种,桡足类5种。5个湖泊浮游植物种类数量排序为:梁子湖>南湖>柴泊湖>斧头湖>野芷湖;浮游动物种类数量排序为:柴泊湖>斧头湖>梁子湖=南湖>野芷湖;浮游植物平均密度排序为:南湖>野芷湖>梁子湖>柴泊湖>斧头湖;浮游植物平均生物量排序为:梁子湖>南湖>斧头湖>柴泊湖>野芷湖;浮游动物平均密度和平均生物量排序均为:柴泊湖>南湖>野芷湖>梁子湖>斧头湖。梁子湖、斧头湖、柴泊湖、南湖和野芷湖的藻型特征分别是蓝藻+硅藻、蓝藻+硅藻+绿藻、蓝藻+绿藻、蓝藻+硅藻+绿藻和蓝藻+绿藻。