2种测定产油酵母菌生长曲线方法的比较

[目的]了解产油酵母菌Y1的生长繁殖规律。[方法]采用分光光度法和直接计数法分别对产油酵母菌Y1的生长曲线进行测定,并对2种方法的测定结果进行比较。[结果]在菌株对数生长期以前,2种方法所测结果基本一致,而在菌株稳定期和衰亡期直接计数法更能真实反映酵母菌的生长情况;在对数生长期和稳定期,产油酵母菌Y1培养液的OD600值与细胞数量之间均存在较好的相关性。[结论]为优化产油酵母菌Y1的产脂发酵条件提供了参考。     

Small-radius turning performance of an articulated vehicle by direct yaw moment control

This paper reports the turning performance of an articulated vehicle in which applying direct yaw-moment control is applied to reduce the turning radius. In the proposed method, a braking force is applied to the inner tires when the articulation angle reaches its maximum in turning, which generates a yaw-moment around the vehicle's centre of gravity. The yaw-moment allows the vehicle to turn in a small radius. To evaluate the performance in tight turns, experiments were conducted using a wheel loader on paved ground. The vehicle's turning radius, yaw rate and side-slip angle were determined from the data measured using two global positioning systems and a fibre-optic gyro sensor. In addition, results of a simulation were compared with experimental results from a test vehicle. The turning radius at a braking pressure of 4 MPa was at least 0.41 m smaller than that of 0 MPa. Experimental and simulated results proved that generating a yaw-moment by applying one-sided braking forces during turning decreases the turning radius.     

2种制备三聚氰胺酶标抗原方法的比较

[目的]对直接和间接法制备酶标记三聚氰胺抗原进行比较。[方法]2种方法均用辣根过氧化物酶和过碘酸钠法,但直接法是酶与三聚氰胺偶联,而间接法是用酶标记三聚氰胺与载体蛋白OVA的结合物。用上述方法分别制备了2种酶标抗原后,从酶活性、抗原性和效价方面对这2种酶标抗原做质量对比试验。[结果]间接法制备的HRP-OVA-MEL有抗原性,且效价达到1∶2 560以上,而直接法制备的HRP-MEL却没有抗原性,且效价较低。[结论]间接法制备的三聚氰胺酶标抗原的活性比直接法好。     

鲢鱼糜与淀粉复合系统的微波糊化特性

在2 450 MHz频率的微波处理条件下,为了考察添加鲢鱼糜对小麦粉面团糊化的影响,将小麦粉、鲢鱼糜、NaCl和去离子水按比例混合制成鲢鱼糜面团,面团中鲢鱼糜含量分别为0%,10%,20%和30%(w/w,质量百分比),对样品面团中淀粉的介电特性和糊化特性进行研究。结果表明,对于相同尺寸的面团样品,添加鲢鱼糜可改善面团样品在电磁场中的加热均匀性。随着温度的升高,面团的介电常数和介电损失率分别在20~23和9~12内波动并呈下降趋势,微波的穿透深度因淀粉的糊化略有上升。淀粉的糊化速率随温度的升高而下降。降低样品中淀粉的含量,会使面团糊化活化能由113.54 kJ/mol下降至59.96 kJ/mol。     

Soil pH change after surface application of lime related to the levels of soil disturbance caused by no-tillage seeding machinery

On acid soils, no-tillage farmers are often advised to apply lime to the soil surface without incorporation by tillage. As such, it can take a number of years before the subsoil acidity is decreased. However, no-tillage seeders vary in the level of soil disturbance caused during seed placement. The consequence of such variations in soil disturbance for the effectiveness of lime in no-tillage cropping has not been explored. Our objectives were (i) to determine if the liming effect could be accelerated by increasing the rate of lime and level of soil disturbance during no-tillage seeding, and (ii) evaluate the effect of no-tillage seeding method, rate of lime and soil pH on yield of wheat, barley, canola and lupins. Three trials, each with a factorial design consisting of four seeding methods and four lime rates, were established in 1999 and continued until 2005. The soil had a texture contrast with about 15-20 cm of sand over yellow sandy clay loam and the initial pH (CaCl₂) at both 0-10 and 10-20 cm was between 4.5 and 4.7. The four seeding treatments were: low disturbance zero-till disc openers (ZT), higher disturbance no-tillage tines with narrow knife-points (NT), higher disturbance full cut seeding with sweeps (FC) for the first three years followed by ZT from then on, and FC for the first year followed by NT thereafter. The four lime rates were 0, 1, 2 and 4 t ha⁻¹.The liming effect was more rapid with the higher disturbance seeding of NT, FCZT and FCNT, compared with ZT; the seeding effect on soil pH diminished with time and was not detected in the subsoil after four years. Higher rates of lime increased this effect and there was no interaction between seeding method and lime rate. This indicated that soil pH under the different seeding methods responded in a similar manner to increased lime. Nonetheless, significant positive linear regressions were found between yield and soil pH for wheat and barley and a negative relationship for lupins. Canola showed no response to soil pH, possibly because establishment was affected by seeding method, and soil pH was not low enough to elicit a response. The ZT seeding method gave lower yields than the other methods for canola and lupins in some years, but had no effect on wheat and barley yields. Higher disturbance at the time of no-till seeding can, therefore, accelerate the liming effect, making earlier economic gains possible.     

"十二五"期间凤城市5种主要林业有害生物灾害损失评估

根据凤城市"十二五"期间林业有害生物发生情况,筛选出美国白蛾、日本蚣干蚧、栗山天牛、杨干象、杨树烂皮病5种主要林业有害生物作为灾害损失评估对象,进行直接和间接经济损失评估计算。结果表明,凤城地区"十二五"期间5种主要林业有害生物造成的年均损失为61 376.777万元,其中,直接经济损失87.218万元,间接经济损失为61 289.559万元。     

LED补光和根区加温对日光温室起垄内嵌式基质栽培甜椒生长及产量的影响

田间条件下采用起垄内嵌式基质栽培(soil ridged substrate-embedded cultivation,SRSC)方法,研究了日光温室LED冠层补光和电热线根区加温对甜椒生长和产量的影响。该试验设不加温不补光对照(CK)、根区加温15℃处理(T15)、根区加温18℃处理(T18)、单一补光处理(L)、根区加温15℃+补光处理(T15+L)、根区加温18℃+补光处理(T18+L),共6个处理。结果表明,与对照相比,根区加温均能提高SRSC甜椒根区的温度,但根区温度仍呈现出随环境温度变化而变化的趋势,T18的根区全天保持较高温度。根区热通量的变化与根区温度变化相对应,T15和T18处理的根区热通量昼夜变化较CK剧烈,其根区侧面白天向内传热滞后,晚间侧面向外传热提前,传递量增加;根区垂直方向白天向内传热滞后,传递量减少,晚间垂直向外传热提前,但传递量增加。T15和T18均显著提高了甜椒的株高、冠层厚度和冠层直径,且T18比T15效果更明显。T15对甜椒的地上及地下干鲜重没有显著的提升作用,而T18的提升效果显著。根区加温补光处理的甜椒生物量普遍高于单一根区加温或补光处理,其中T18+L处理提升效果显著优于T15+L处理。T15、T18和L相对CK均提高了甜椒单产,单产分别提高30.74%、53.0%和14.81%。而根区加温和LED补光协同作用比单一的根区加温或冠层补光都能表现更好的增产效果,T15+L和T18+L分别比T15和T18的产量分别提升32.86%和15.50%,分别比L产量提升51.29%和53.87%。总之,根区加温与LED补光是日光温室甜椒增产有效的调控措施,两者在增加单株产量上存在显著的协同效应,二者共同作用比单一作用效果更加明显,且根区加温对甜椒生长和产量的促进效果比冠层补光更加显著,在实际生产中具有重要的指导意义。     

酸性土壤有机碳两种测定方法的比较

土壤有机质虽然占矿质土壤总量的比例很小,但对土壤质量及功能的调节起着关键作用。因此,寻求合适的土壤有机碳测定方法十分重要。本研究以4个长期定位试验(A、B、C、D)为基础,在灵敏度、相关性等方面对外加热法和碳氮仪法作了比较。结果表明:对于酸性土而言无论测定整土还是团聚体有机碳,两种方法的准确度和灵敏度都很高,但外加热法能更灵敏地反应处理间的差异性;两种方法测定结果有很好相关性,但碳氮仪法测定结果较外加热法偏高;由于测定结果存在差异,在科研工作中两种方法不能混用,以免得出错误结论。     

Hepatic AA amyloidosis in a cat: cytologic and histologic identification of AA amyloid in macrophages

A 3‐year‐old, spayed female, Domestic Shorthair cat presented with anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, probable hemoabdomen, and multiple masses on the right lateral liver lobe. Clinicopathologic and imaging abnormalities included anemia, azotemia, icterus, and hepatomegaly with hypoechoic masses. On cytologic evaluation of a fine‐needle aspiration of a liver mass there was abundant extracellular pink‐ to purple‐colored material between hepatocytes. The amorphous material was stained with direct fast scarlet (DFS), and green birefringent areas were observed under polarized light, confirming the presence of amyloid. A unique finding on the cytologic smear were macrophages containing amorphous and fibrillar amyloid‐like protein. Histopathologic examination using H&E and Congo red staining confirmed amyloid deposits within the space of Disse, along the sinusoids, portal tracts, blood vessel walls, and within the cytoplasm of macrophages. Immunohistochemical staining with anti‐AA amyloid antibodies further confirmed the presence of AA amyloid. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report of the cytologic finding of AA amyloid protein within macrophages and DFS stain detection of amyloid on a cytologic smear.     

烘箱加热法测定森林土壤有机质的研究

采用烘箱加热法测定东北地区地带性土壤暗棕色森林土有机质含量,结果表明:测定最佳加热时间为30 min,最适宜加热温度为150℃,最适宜重铬酸钾浓度为1.2 mol·L~(-1)。烘箱加热法适宜测定有机质含量较高的土壤。