日粮类型对猪肉营养和品质的影响

在日粮粗蛋白、能量、钙、磷水平相近的情况下，蛋白饲料种类及微量元素Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ添加水平不同，所饲喂猪只肉质与肉食营养不相一致。根据本试验结果，“豆饼＋鱼粉”型日粮在高剂量Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ的协同作用下有利于促进肌肉的生长和饲料氨基酸向肌肉氨基酸的转化，而“棉籽饼＋菜籽饼”型日粮可期望获得较好的肉质。肌肉Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ沉积受饲料影响不明显。     

Bush cover and range condition assessments in relation to landscape and grazing in southern Ethiopia

Progressive growth of bush cover in dry savannahs is responsible for declines in range conditions. In southern Ethiopia, the Booran pastoralists assisted our understanding of spatial patterns of bush cover and range conditions in 54 landscape patch types grouped into six landscape units within an area of 30000 km². The size of landscape patches sampled was 625 m². We assessed the relationships between bush cover, grass cover and bare soil and grazing pressure and soil erosion and changes in range condition. Externally, political conflicts and internally, break down of land use, and official bans on the use of fire promoted bush cover and the decline in range conditions. Bush cover was negatively correlated with grass cover, and positively correlated with bare soil. Grass cover was negatively correlated with bare soil and grazing pressure in most landscape patch types. Grazing pressure was not significantly correlated with bush cover or bare soil, while soil erosion was directly related to bare soil. Soil erosion was absent in 64% of the landscape patch types, and seemingly not a threat to the rangelands. The relationship between bush cover, grass cover, bare soil and soil erosion is complex and related to climate, landscape geology, and patterns of land use. Main threats to range conditions are bush climax, loss of grass cover and unpalatable forbs. Currently, >70% of the landscape patch types are in poor to fair range conditions. Decline in range conditions, unless reversed, will jeopardise the pastoral production system in southern Ethiopia.     

鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris filix-mas)天山云杉林种群结构分析

以西天山国家自然保护区内1 hm2原始鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris filix-mas)天山云杉纯林临时标准地调查材料为基础,分析鳞毛蕨天山云杉林胸径、树高和年龄结构、种群存活曲线以及基本测树因子之间的相互关系.结果表明:①鳞毛蕨天山云杉纯林种群结构稳定,无论是胸径、树高抑或年龄,均呈现出明显的倒"J"型,属于典型的异龄林林分结构,林木更新良好,在其自维持过程中不断有大量小径木更新补充;②林木株数随胸径、树高和年龄的增大,呈负指数函数或负幂函数递减;③树木胸径和树高随年龄的增大,按理查兹生长曲线递增;④胸径与树高的关系为非线性关系.此外,种群存活曲线总体趋势呈现"凹"型,表明该种群是一个连续更新的种群,在林分生长发育过程主要受到小尺度林冠干扰的影响.     

Influence of ovariectomy and estrogen replacement on gene expression profile of myocardium in rats

AIM:To investigate the influence of ovariectomy and estrogen replacement treatment on profile of gene expression in myocardium by cDNA microarray,and to characterize the targeting genes of estrogen.METHODS:cDNA microarray containing 1 400 rat cDNAs was used to study the genes differentially expressed in myocardium between sham (Ⅰ),ovariectomy (Ⅱ,OVX) and estrogen replacement treatment (Ⅲ,OVX+E2) group.Then down-regulated genes in myocardium of OVX rats were further confirmed by RT-PCR.RESULTS:177 genes were differentially expressed in myocardium between sham and OVX rats,with 91 genes up-regulated and 86 genes down-regulated in OVX rats.164 genes were differentially expressed in myocardium between OVX and OVX+E2 rats,with 113 genes up-regulated and 54 genes down-regulated in OVX rats.There were 54 genes differentially expressed in OVX compared to sham and OVX+E2.They are involved in membrane channels and transporters (18),cell receptors (9),intracellular transducers/effectors/modulator (7) and metabolism (6).Most of the genes (45) were down-regulated in OVX rats and up-regulated in OVX+E2 rats.RT-PCR test confirmed the results of cDNA microarray.CONCLUSIONS:Long-term estrogen replacement may influence the expression of genes involved in membrane channels and transporters,cell receptors,intracellular transducers/effectors/ modulator and metabolism.Long-term estrogen replacement has some beneficial effects on ionic concentration and cardiac function which partially comes from the results of influence of expression on Na+,K+-ATPase and Na+/H+ exchanger.Estrogen has an inhibitory effect on the expression of dopamine receptor,which partially clarify the myocardial protection of estrogen.     

昆仑山西段北坡天然草地营养类型研究

对昆仑山天然草地实地考察,采集混合草群样品分析其化学成分,按照全国统一标准和方法对昆仑山天然草地进行了营养类型划分。结果表明,昆仑山西段的天然草地可分为4个营养型,分布于低山带的草地是碳氮-灰分型,在中低山分布面积较广的是氮碳-灰分型,在海拔3200～3600m的亚高山草地的营养型为碳氮型,在海拔3600～4000m的高山区为氮碳型。这是由于不同的生境生长着与之相适应的植物种类,在特定的物候期就具有不同的营养类型。     

变叶海棠变异类型的初步研究

应用形象化散点图研究变叶海棠的起源和进化。结果表明,其变异类型可能系变叶海棠和陇东海棠或花叶海棠之间的天然杂交种,该假设需要用现代新方法来证实。     

闽南毛竹林合理经营密度的研究

在闽南毛竹分布区的毛竹林分中建立标准地２４７块，利用柯尔莫哥洛夫的正态分布检验法。结合半峰宽理论，分析计算了闽南毛竹林的合理经营密度为１２００株￣１６５０朱／ｈｍ＾２，为闽南毛竹林持续经营提供了理论依据。     

不同西瓜类型果实茄红素含量的比较研究

采用分光光度法对33个西瓜材料进行茄红素含量的测定,材料涉及不同的瓤色和倍性。结果表明:在白瓤、橙黄瓤、金黄瓤、粉红瓤、红瓤和深红瓤的西瓜材料之间,白瓤西瓜茄红素含量最低,深红瓤西瓜含量最高,茄红素的含量与瓤色大致成正相关。其中深红瓤二倍体西瓜材料中S292、VS8-44的茄红素含量比较高,分别为6.372 mg/100g鲜重和6.350 mg/100g鲜重,三倍体材料中最高的是VS6-19,茄红素含量为6.684 mg/100g鲜重。同瓤色的不同材料之间茄红素的含量与倍性无关,与材料的基因型相关。     

混交林纯林中毛竹出笋退笋特性研究

应用出笋量的逻辑斯谛 ( L ogistic)模型研究了出笋量随时间增长的变化规律 ,结果表明 :出笋前期 (前 1 0 d)出笋数占总数的 1 5%左右 ,出笋中期 (第 1 0～ 2 0天 )占 75%,出笋末期 (第2 0天以后 )占 1 0 %;对退笋特征的观察及其规律的研究得出 :出笋前后期退笋数量少但退笋率高 ,而出笋中期退笋数量多但退笋率低 .小于 1 0 cm的浅鞭竹笋多属退化笋 .纯林中的出笋比混交林中的出笋持续天数短 ,退笋率高 ,为此混交林更有利于竹笋的生长 .出笋退笋规律可用来指导生产 ,为留养和挖取竹笋数量提供依据