黄连、黄芩提取液与二氧化氯复配对结球甘蓝种传黑斑病的抑菌效果研究

采用三元二次回归正交旋转组合设计方法,确立了黄连、黄芩提取液与二氧化氯对甘蓝链格孢菌抑制效果最佳的复配组合:黄连提取液13.48%、黄芩提取液15.56%、二氧化氯0.14%.用此复配剂浸种,芸苔链格孢菌和甘蓝链格孢菌的侵染率分别降低了97.33%和94.85%,且提高了种子发芽势及萌发相关酶活性.     

Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of anthocyanin-rich Morus nigra and Morus rubra fruits

In this study, phytochemical and antioxidant properties of anthocyanin-rich mulberry species of Morus nigra L. (black mulberry) and Morus rubra L. (red mulberry) fruits harvested from across Turkey were investigated. Fruit color, total phenolics (TP), total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA), titratable acidity (TA), and individual sugar and organic acid compositions were determined. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of fruits was assessed by both the trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Black mulberry exhibited higher TP, TMA, TAC and TA when compared to red mulberry. The average TP contents of M. nigra and M. rubra were 2737 and 1603 μg gallic acid equivalent in g fresh weight basis (GAE/g fw), respectively. M. nigra had the richest amount of anthocyanin with an average of 571 μg cy-3-glu/g fw. Overall, TAC averaged 10.5 and 12.0 mmol TE/L by the TEAC and FRAP methods, respectively. We found that FRAP, TEAC, TP and TMA were significantly correlated (r = 0.64–0.99) with each other. Fructose (5.27 g/100 mL) and glucose (5.81 g/100 mL) were determined to be the major sugars in both mulberries. M. nigra displayed a higher TA (2.05 g/100 mL) than M. rubra (0.78 g/100 mL), with citric acid as the major acid.     

春播和秋播对南方春大豆种子活力的影响

试验采用春播（４月４日）和秋播（７月３０日）两种播期法，研究春播种子活力低，秋播种子活力高的生理生化原因，结果表明，种子发芽率，发芽指数，电导率，过氧化物酶活性和真菌侵染率，这些反映种子活力的生理指标，秋播种子均优于春播种子，此外，秋播种了表皮结构较春播种子致密，种子表面小孔数目少而小，这可能也是秋播种子活力高的原因之一。     

黑龙江省大豆品种数据库建模

从种子推广人员、育种工作者、农户等多种人员需求的角度,对黑龙江省育成大豆品种信息进行了分析,将大豆品种信息归纳为品种来源、产量表现、特征特性、栽培要点、审定情况等内容,按照软件工程学和数据库原理,建立了大豆品种数据库模型,绘制了实体关系图。依据此图可以在Microsoft SQL或其他数据库软件下建立物理的数据库,建立良好的查询,为农业生产等应用提供服务。     

黑小麦新品种的创育及其应用策略探讨

本文简要分析了当前黑小麦品种的特点，根据实践对黑小麦新品种的创育提出了不同的目标和途径，介绍了2个黑小麦新品种并对其应用的策略进行了探讨。     

Supplemental effect of cholyltaurine and soybean lecithin to a soybean meal-based fish meal-free diet on hepatic and intestinal morphology of rainbow trout <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus mykiss</Emphasis>

The supplemental effects of cholyltaurine and soybean lecithin to a defatted soybean meal (SBM)-based fish meal-free diet on the hepatic and intestinal morphology of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were investigated. A fish meal-based diet (FM), three fish meal-free diets supplemented either with soybean lecithin (SL), bovine gall powder (BG) or cholyltaurine (C-tau) and an unsupplemented fish meal-free diet (NFM), were given to fish (−11 g) for 10 weeks. The growth was the lowest in fish fed diet NFM, intermediate in fish fed diet SL and the highest in fish fed diet FM, BG and C-tau. Hepatocytes of fish fed diet NFM were atrophied, and the distal intestine of these fish showed abnormal features: disintegrated microvilli and fatty degeneration in epithelial cells and increased amount of connective tissue in the submucosa. Hepatic and intestinal histological features in fish fed diets SL, BG and C-tau were similar to those in fish fed diet FM. These results indicate that soybean lecithin, bovine bile salts and cholyltaurine have similar effects on normalizing the hepatic and intestinal morphologies of rainbow trout fed the SBM-based diet, although growth promotion effect was limited in the soybean lecithin.     

Response of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Cultivars to Genistein-Preincubated Bradyrhizobium japonicum: Nodulation and Dry Matter Accumulation under Canadian Short-Season Conditions

The addition of genistein, a plant-to-bacteria signal molecule, to Bradyrhizobium japonicum cells prior to use as inocula has been shown to increase nodule number and promote soybean N₂ fixation at low root zone temperatures. Previous greenhouse and field experiments involving only two cultivars have indicated that soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars can vary in their response to genistein application. The objective of this study was to evaluate a range of soybean cultivars for response to genistein application under short-season cool-spring Canadian conditions. A 2-year field study was conducted in 1997 and 1998 with a range of soybean cultivars recommended for Quebec. The 11 cultivars tested represented a range of yield potentials and maturity groups. They were inoculated with genistein-preincubated B. japonicum inocula or regular inocula, applied into the furrow at the time of planting. The results of these experiments indicated that neither maturity nor yield was correlated with increases in nodulation, biomass, and plant total nitrogen content resulting from genistein treatment and that all maturity groups responded to genistein application in essentially the same way. Thus, response of soybean cultivars to genistein addition is regulated by genotype characteristics other than maturity or yield level.     

大豆抗营养因子对生长蛋鸡生产性能、氮代谢和小肠内胰蛋白酶活性的影响

为了观察不同梯度大豆抗营养因子（Ａｎｔｉｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎａｌｆａｃｔｏｒｓ、简称ＡＮＦｓ）对不同生理阶段的生长蛋鸡的影响，本试验采用４８０只海兰褐蛋用雏鸡，以熟豆饼日粮为对照，从３或９周开始给饲３个水平的生大豆日粮（４％，９％和１３％），每期每个日粮４个重复。在３～８周和９～１８周观察雏鸡的采食量，日增重和饲料效率。在第８和１７周分别测定各组的粗蛋白质和干物质的代谢率。并于８、１３和１８周末每个重复随机抽取试鸡两只屠宰，观察小肠内胰蛋白酶活性的变化。结果表明，３个水平的大豆ＡＮＦｓ对育雏期雏鸡的增重没有影响，育成期对照组的增重明显高于采食生大豆组（Ｐ＜０．０５），大豆ＡＮＦｓ使饲料效率降低，但对氮和干物质的代谢影响不显著；８、１３和１８周龄雏鸡小肠内胰蛋白酶活性亦无显著变化。     

肥料减施下玉米-大豆间作对作物产量和昆虫群落组成及多样性的影响

为探究肥料减施下玉米-大豆间作对作物产量和昆虫群落组成及多样性的影响,在玉米、大豆单作及二者间作下施以标准肥料750 kg/hm~2和减半肥料375 kg/hm~2,于作物生长期调查田间昆虫群落组成及多样性,并在收获期对玉米和大豆进行测产。结果表明:与单作玉米相比,间作玉米在施用标准肥料下的百株生物量、百株籽粒重和千粒重分别显著增加78.33%、85.35%和38.71%,而在施用减半肥料下则分别显著增加90.91%、135.73%和33.33%;相同种植模式下,与施用标准肥料相比,减半肥料使单作玉米百株籽粒重显著降低22.45%。与单作大豆相比,在施用标准肥料下,间作大豆的百株籽粒重和千粒重分别显著降低49.47%和11.54%,在施用减半肥料下,间作大豆的百株生物量、百株籽粒重和千粒重分别显著降低73.94%、50.51%和17.39%;相同种植模式下,与施用标准肥料相比,减半肥料使大豆在单作和间作下的百株籽粒重分别显著降低65.02%和65.73%,使间作下大豆的百株生物量和千粒重分别显著降低73.14%和17.39%。与单作相比,间作均显著降低了标准肥料和减半肥料处理下玉米和大豆害虫群落的物种数、多样性指数和均匀度指数,还显著降低了标准肥料和减半肥料处理下玉米天敌昆虫群落的物种数和优势度指数以及大豆天敌昆虫群落的物种数和均匀度指数。表明玉米-大豆间作能有效提高玉米产量,降低虫害发生,但对大豆生产不利,而间作条件下减施肥料对玉米产量的影响更小。建议在田间生产中可将夏玉米和大豆间作种植,更有利于通过生态学方法控制田间害虫发生和增加作物总体产量。