草地生态系统中植被冠层截留的研究进展

草地植被冠层截留是草地生态系统对降水再分配的主要过程，属于草地生态系统蒸散发的组分之一。由于草地植被冠层截留常在草地生态系统水量平衡研究中被忽略而导致蒸散发组分的划分中存在误差。因此，讨论草地植被冠层截留对草地生态水文学的研究具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。本论文通过对目前草地植被冠层截留研究的现状和存在问题，从草地植被冠层截留的测定方法和主要的影响因素（环境因子和植被特征）2方面论述草地植被冠层截留的研究进展。分析发现，草地植被冠层截留的影响因素研究主要集中在降水特征、气象条件、放牧和植被特征等方面，各因素的综合影响研究仍然非常缺乏，测定方法的准确性有待评估。     

西汉农业诏书探析简

西汉农业诏书及其所反映的农业政策可分为六个时期。农政主要包括:颁布劝农诏,鼓励农业生产;减免租赋,与民休息;振贷贫民,促进农业生产的恢复;皇帝倡导节俭,躬耕藉田,以劝农天下;建立完善的农业管理体系等内容。这些政策促进了国家农本思想形成、农业技术推广,以及农业经济繁荣,并成为封建社会农政的基本模式,使以农立国的传统正式形成。     

农业科研副产品处置存在的问题与对策

农业科研副产品具有质量及数量的不确定性,目前国家没有明确的界定标准和管理制度,各地农业科研院所管理制度也不统一.文章以天津市农业科学院为例,介绍了当前农业科研单位科研副产品处置的现状,分析了科研副产品处置存在的问题,剖析了造成科研副产品处置管理不规范的原因,并提出了加强组织领导、建立健全管理制度、加强科研副产品精细化管理等加强科研副产品处置管理的对策建议.     

乡村振兴背景下新型农业人才培养探讨

论述乡村振兴背景下新型农业人才培养的必要性。分析新时代新型农业人才培养面临的主要问题,表现为新型农业人才不足且农村人才整体水平较低,新型农业人才引进、培养和激励机制建设力度不足。提出新时代新型农业人才培养对策,包括农业高校建立新型农业人才培养体系,健全新型农业人才引进、培养和激励机制,校企联合、产学研结合培养新型农业人才。     

黑龙江省主要农业气象灾害及防灾减灾措施

针对黑龙江省频发的干旱、暴雨洪涝、霜冻、风雹等农业气象灾害进行分析,并提出切实可行的防灾减灾措施,为相关部门制定农业生产决策提供科学依据。     

森林生态系统服务的价值评估和补偿:概念、原则和指标

通过生态系统服务价值评估途径制定森林生态补偿标准,意味着立足于市场评估森林生态系统服务的经济价值。但是,一些问题困扰着评估实践,选择哪些指标用于评估就是难题之一。评估存量还是流量,选择指标时应遵循的原则,也必须事先得到明确界定。本研究应用生态学和经济学理论,提出了评估本身应遵循的范畴和原则,以及应当选取的价值类型和评估指标。     

Rate-specific responses of prokaryotic diversity and structure to nitrogen deposition in the Leymus chinensis steppe

Serious nitrogen (N) deposition in terrestrial ecosystems causes soil acidification and changes the structure and function of the microbial community. However, it is unclear how these changes are dependent on N deposition rates, other factors induced by N (e.g., pH), and their interactions. In this study, we investigated the responses of soil prokaryotic community structure and stability after a 13-year N addition in the semi-arid Leymus chinensis steppe in Inner Mongolia, China. Our results demonstrated that the prokaryotic community structure changed at the low N addition rate of 1.75 g N m⁻² yr⁻¹; however, dramatic changes in microbial abundance, respiratory quotient, and prokaryotic diversity occurred at N addition rates of more than 5.25 g N m⁻² yr⁻¹ when the soil pH dropped below 6.0. The two patterns indicated the difference in driving forces for different microbial properties. The N-driven and pH-driven processes are likely the most important mechanisms determining the responses of bacterial community to N. Some copiotrophic/oligotrophic bacteria, e.g., Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria, changed their relative abundances with the N addition continuously even at a low rate, indicating that they were more sensitive to N directly. Some bacterial groups significantly changed their relative abundance at a high N addition rate when pH dropped below 6.0, e.g., Verrucomicrobia and Armatimonadetes, indicating that they were more sensitive to pH below 6.0. N addition altered the prokaryotic community structure through enrichment of copiotrophic bacteria (species adjustment) at low N addition rates and through enrichment of nitrophilous taxa and significant loss of diversity at high N rates. The results also demonstrated that a high N addition diminished the stability of the prokaryotic community structure and activity through reduction in species diversity and bacterial interaction. Overall, this study supported the hypothesis that the responses of prokaryota to N were dependent on deposition rates, and N-driven and pH-driven processes were the important mechanisms to control the shift of the prokaryotic community.     

Exploring tree diversity and stand structure of savanna woodlands in southeastern Sudan

Savanna woodlands in Sudan host great biodiversity, provide a plethora of ecosystem goods and services to local communities, and sustain numerous ecological functions. Although the importance of the Acacia trees in these areas is well known, up-to-date information about these woodlands' diversity is limited and changes in their woody vegetation composition, density, diversity and relative frequency are not monitored over time. This study explored tree diversity and stand stage structure in Nuara Reserved Forest, a typical savanna woodland ecosystem in southeastern Sudan. A total of 638 circular sample plots (1000 m² for each) were established using a systematic sampling grid method. The distance between plots was 200 m. In each plot, all living trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥5.00 cm were identified and counted, and their DBH values were recorded. From these data, tree composition, diversity, density and stage structure were assessed. There were 12,259 individual trees representing four species (Acacia seyal, Balanites aegyptiaca, Acacia Senegal and Acacia mellifera) that belong to two families. The dominant species was Acacia seyal. Average tree density was 191 trees/hm² and the Shannon-Weiner index for trees diversity was 0.204. Overall, young trees comprised 86.30% of the forest. The state of tree richness and density in the study area was low compared to other similar environments in the region and around the world. We recommended adoption of a proper management system that includes monitoring of woody vegetation diversity in this forest, and management actions to enhance tree diversity and sustain ecosystem services to local communities. In addition to care for the dominant Acacia seyal stands, more attention and conservation should be devoted to reestablishing Acacia senegal and Acacia mellifera trees because of their high ecological and economic values for local communities.     

我国发展农业生态旅游的必要性与可行性分析

基于农业生态旅游的概念与特征,分析了我国当前发展农业生态旅游的必要性,认为农业生态旅游对于满足人们生态旅游需求,调整农业结构,增加农民收入,带动当地其他经济发展,保护传统村落具有重要意义.在此基础上总结了我国发展农业生态旅游的可行性.     

“互联网+”背景下现代农业发展路径研究

改革开放40年来,我国农业生产有了大幅改善,正由农业大国向农业强国、传统农业向现代农业转变,"互联网+"作为一种新型技术,已成为推动现代农业发展的重要抓手。但当前我国仍在农业发展理念、农业信息基础设施和技术水平、农业信息化平台建设、农村交通设施、专业人才培养等方面存在不足。在"互联网+"的背景下指出现代农业发展过程中存在的问题,并给出对策建议,以期为推动现代农业发展提供参考。