生防菌+恶霉灵最优组合的筛选及对苦瓜枯萎病的防治效果研究

苦瓜枯萎病是由尖孢镰孢菌苦瓜专化型（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. momordicae）侵染引起的一种土传病害，目前市场上缺乏防治效果较好的农药或生防菌剂。为了更好地防治苦瓜枯萎病，通过盆栽试验筛选出绿针假单胞菌（Pseudomonas chlororaphis）G5 与恶霉灵复配施用的最优组合，并在苦瓜枯萎病发病样地对盆栽试验筛选出的最优组合进行防效验证。试验结果表明：菌药组合B+0.75Hym（1×10⁹ cfu · mL^-1 G5 菌悬液+187.5 mg · L-¹ 恶霉灵）处理对盆栽苦瓜枯萎病的防病效果为81.60%，明显高于其他处理；同时该组合对苦瓜幼苗的促生作用最为明显。接种苦瓜枯萎病菌后，菌药组合B+0.75Hym的苦瓜叶片中PAL、PPO、POD 防御酶活性较高。田间防效验证试验中苦瓜苗移栽30、60 d 后菌药组合B+0.75Hym 对苦瓜枯萎病的防治效果较高，分别达到了52.59%、32.13%，且苦瓜产量也高于其他处理。表明盆栽试验筛选出的菌药最优组合B+0.75Hym 不仅能够降低农药的使用量，而且能够有效防治苦瓜枯萎病，提高苦瓜产量，有一定的生产实用价值。     

光质对番茄营养与风味品质的影响

以番茄为试验材料,在田间大棚设施条件下,选用白、蓝、黑、红、绿5种不同颜色的遮阳网,探讨不同光质对番茄营养与风味品质的影响。结果表明,在青熟期,黑色光质促进了总氮、蛋白氮以及非蛋白氮的积累。青熟期到转色期,白色光质的番茄有机酸总量较青熟期增加了4.57倍,蓝色和绿色光质提高了番茄的总糖和还原糖含量。从转色期到成熟期,番茄氨基酸含量大小表现为蓝色>绿色>黑色>红色>白色;黑色光质的番茄有机酸总量较转色期增加了27.8%;红色光质提高了番茄红素含量和Vc含量,降低了硝酸盐含量;白色、红色和绿色光质增加了番茄的总糖和还原糖含量。番茄主要风味物质(>30 μg/kg)为水杨酸甲酯、6-甲基-庚烯-2-酮、柠檬烯、反-2-己烯醛。红光使番茄水杨酸甲酯、6-甲基-庚烯-2-酮和己烯醛含量较白光增加了11.6%、20.2%和17.2%。在大田设施条件下,转色期到成熟期可以采用红色光质提高番茄果实营养品质和风味。     

刺萼龙葵种子中适宜内参基因的筛选

入侵杂草刺萼龙葵Solanum rostratum Dunal传播扩散的主要载体是种子,研究其种子休眠萌发基因的激素调控对于其防除具有重要意义,而选择合适的内参基因可以提高相关基因表达分析的准确性。本研究以赤霉素、脱落酸和水处理的刺萼龙葵种子为材料,利用geNorm、NormFinder、BestKeeper和RefFinder 4种软件对15个候选内参基因进行表达稳定性评价,并通过检测ABI5(abscisic acid-insensitive 5)的表达验证所筛选的内参基因的适用性。结果表明,对于赤霉素、脱落酸和水处理过的种子,最稳定的内参基因分别为eIF(eukaryotic initiation factor)、SAND(SAND protein family)和ACT(β-actin);对所有种子样本而言,PP2Acs(a catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A)是最稳定的内参基因。研究结果将为刺萼龙葵种子休眠萌发的遗传调控研究提供重要参考。     

酸改性麦麸挂面配方的研究

为改善挂面制品的营养保健功能,研发谷物加工副产物的深加工产品,将经过超声波-酸解法改性处理后的麦麸粉添加到面粉中用于制作酸改性麦麸挂面。通过单因素试验及正交试验优化确定酸改性麦麸挂面的最优配方。结果表明,在面粉100 g的基础上,酸改性麦麸粉添加量为6%（相当于面粉质量的百分比）、水添加量为56%、食盐添加量为3.5%、食碱添加量为0.4%、羧甲基纤维素钠添加量为0.4%,此条件下制得的挂面品质良好,且外观、适口性较好。     

阿魏酸对2种野生杜鹃种子萌发的化感作用

为探究化感物质阿魏酸对马缨杜鹃和露珠杜鹃种子萌发的化感作用,本研究采用不同浓度阿魏酸分别处理马缨杜鹃和露珠杜鹃种子,利用单因素方差对其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和化感指数进行差异性分析.结果表明:阿魏酸显著抑制马缨杜鹃和露珠杜鹃种子的萌发,对2种杜鹃种子的抑制作用随浓度的增加而增加.阿魏酸对马缨杜鹃和露珠杜鹃种子均具有显著的化感作用,化感效应的最强浓度为1 000 μg/mL.     

植物脱落酸信号转导途径的上游信使

脱落酸(ABA)是一种重要的植物激素,调节多种植物生理过程,并在植物应答逆境胁迫的信号转导中起重要作用。结构分子生物学分析发现,PYL蛋白具有结合ABA的活性中心。在非胁迫条件下,ABA水平较低,2C型蛋白磷酸酶(PP2C)与蔗糖非酵解型蛋白激酶2(SnRK2)结合,催化其去磷酸化而抑制其活性;在胁迫条件下,ABA水平升高,促进PYL与PP2C结合而抑制其磷酸酶活性,SnRK2靠自身磷酸化激活,又催化碱性亮氨酸拉链(b ZIP)、碱性螺旋-环-螺旋(b HLH)等类型转录因子,调控下游抗性相关基因的表达,也可由SnRK2直接催化下游抗性相关蛋白磷酸化。本文概述了在ABA胁迫下,PYL,PP2C和Sn PK2作用机制的相关研究进展,并建议将PYL、PP2C和SnRK2分别称做ABA信号转导途径的直接受体、第二信使和第三信使,建立玉米中复杂的脱落酸信号上淳传递网络。     

质核互作型不育系阜CMS5A大豆的选育及应用

阐述了质核互作型不育系阜CMS5A大豆的选育经过,总结了其特征特性,并分析了其应用成效,以供参考。     

不同类型杜仲雄花茶活性成分的含量测定

采用紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法测定杜仲雄花茶中总黄酮、绿原酸及京尼平苷含量,探讨不同原料生产的杜仲雄花茶活性成分含量差异。结果表明,杜仲雄花茶中总黄酮、绿原酸及京尼平苷含量分别为1.89%～6.22%、0.06%～2.81%、0.06%～2.09%;不同类型杜仲雄花茶中各类活性成分含量有所差异,以花朵为原料生产的杜仲雄花茶中总黄酮含量和绿原酸含量均为最高,以花蕊为原料生产的杜仲雄花茶中京尼平苷含量最高,发酵杜仲雄花茶中各类活性成分含量均偏低。本研究可为开发不同保健功能杜仲雄花茶提供理论依据,有利于进一步推动杜仲雄花资源的开发利用。     

Effect of antisense locked nucleic acid blocking translation initiation region of c-myc exon 2 on apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells

AIM: To observe the effect of antisense locked nucleic acid (anti-LNA) blocking the translation initiation region of c-myc exon 2 on the viability and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.METHODS: The anti-LNA that was complementary to the translation initiation region of c-myc exon 2 was designed, synthesized, and introduced into the HepG2 cells by cationic liposome-mediated transfection. The mRNA and protein levels of c-Myc in the cells were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. The change of cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the toxicity of anti-LNA to the cells was detected by MTT assay.RESULTS: Five days after transfection, the mRNA level of c-Myc in anti-LNA group was 0.335±0.016, and the protein level was 0.448±0.037, significantly lower than those in control group (both P<0.05). The ratio of apoptotic cells in anti-LNA group was 32%±6%, which was higher than that in control group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Antisense locked nucleic acid targeting at the translation initiation region of c-myc exon 2 shows strong inhibitory effects on the apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.     

Contrasting development of soil microbial community structure under no-tilled perennial and tilled cropping during early pedogenesis of a Mollisol

A range of agricultural practices influence soil microbial communities, such as tillage and organic C inputs, however such effects are largely unknown at the initial stage of soil formation. Using an eight-year field experiment established on exposed parent material (PM) of a Mollisol, our objectives were to: (1) to determine the effects of field management and soil depth on soil microbial community structure; (2) to elucidate shifts in microbial community structure in relation to PM, compared to an arable Mollisol (MO) without organic amendment; and (3) to identify the controlling factors of such changes in microbial community structure. The treatments included two no-tilled soils supporting perennial crops, and four tilled soils under the same cropping system, with or without chemical fertilization and crop residue amendment. Principal component (PC) analysis of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles demonstrated that microbial community structures were affected by tillage and/or organic and inorganic inputs via PC1 and by land use and/or soil depth via PC2. All the field treatments were separated by PM into two groups via PC1, the tilled and the no-tilled soils, with the tilled soils more developed towards MO. The tilled soils were separated with respect to MO via PC1 associated with the differences in mineral fertilization and the quality of organic amendments, with the soils without organic amendment being more similar to MO. The separations via PC1 were principally driven by bacteria and associated with soil pH and soil C, N and P. The separations via PC2 were driven by fungi, actinomycetes and Gram (−) bacteria, and associated with soil bulk density. The separations via both PC1 and PC2 were associated with soil aggregate stability and exchangeable K, indicating the effects of weathering and soil aggregation. The results suggest that in spite of the importance of mineral fertilization and organic amendments, tillage and land-use type play a significant role in determining the nature of the development of associated soil microbial community structures at the initial stages of soil formation.