芹菜叶总黄酮提取工艺的优选

以新鲜芹菜叶为原料,针对芹菜叶的生理特点,采用有机溶剂回流提取和分光光度法测定的方法,对从芹菜叶中提取的黄酮类物质进行研究。详细考察了影响提取效果的因素:乙醇浓度、料液比、回流时间、提取温度、pH值等。通过用乙醇回流法从芹菜叶中提取黄酮类化合物的正交实验,确定了醇提法的最佳工艺条件:乙醇体积分数为45%,料液比为1∶10,回流时间为1.5 h,回流温度为75~80℃。     

Effect of Foliar Ethanol Application on Septoria Leaf Blotch in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivitm L.)

Foliar applications of alcohols have been reported to have remarkable benefits on yields of several crops. The toxifying characteristics of alcohols for many microorganisms may also potentially be of use in crop protection. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine if foliar-applied ethanol was effective against Septoria nodorum , the causal agent of leaf and glume blotch in spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum ). Ethanol (30 % and 60 %) decreased the disease symptoms on the leaves of wheat significantly when applied one day after the inoculation, although reductions in disease seventy were still observed until 4 days after the inoculation. In contrast, ethanol treatments before inoculation did not affect, or occasionally even enhanced, the disease development. On agar plate assay, the average sensitivity of S. nodorum on ethanol was high, as no reduction in its growth was observed at incubation times less than 10 or 20 min in 60% or 30% ethanol, respectively. Ethanol treatments did not damage the treated leaves, but a slight reduction in the leaf chlorophyll content as measured by SPAD values was observed. Ethanol application whether alone or with inoculation did not increase wheat kernel weights.     

有机硅改性聚合物复合膜渗透蒸发分离醇／水混合物的研究

硅橡胶均质膜是渗透蒸发透醇膜的典型代表之一，因其机械性能较差、成膜性不好，分离性能受到限制。本文用物理涂敷（复合）和化学改性的方法，制备出了机械性能优良且具有超薄活性层的硅橡胶改性复合膜，明显改善了分离性能。在最佳条件下，分离系数和透过通量分别为６．７８和１０８０ｇ／ｍ＾２ｈ。     

Characterization of thermotolerant, fermentative yeasts from hot spring drainage

SUMMARY: Eight thermotolerant, ethanol-producing yeast strains were isolated from hot spring drainage at Rendaiji in Shizuoka Prefecture. The tolerance to elevated temperatures of three strains (RND13, 14 and 17) was studied in comparison with that of mesophilic yeasts. All three grew on a liquid culture at temperatures up to 42–45°C, with maximum growth rates at 37°C or 35°C, whereas the upper limit temperatures for fermentation were higher, ranging from 48 to 55°C. Above all, RND13 had higher ethanol productivity of 72.1% at 40°C for 24 h than that of 57.0% obtained by brewers' yeast at 25°C for 120 h. Regarding the taxonomy of RND13, 14, and 17, they were found to be Torulaspora delbrueckii , Dekkera sp., and Candida albicans , respectively. This is the first report on yeasts capable of fermentation over 51°C, as well as on the isolation of yeasts from a hydrosphere with elevated temperatures.     

利用海带渣制备乙醇的可行性分析及高效水解技术的研究

利用生物质制取燃料乙醇越来越受到重视,组成复杂的生物质高效降解是发酵生产乙醇的关键技术。为利用海带渣制备燃料乙醇,从海带渣的原料组分入手,分析利用海带渣制备燃料乙醇的可行性,并研究海带渣的单因素水解及复合水解技术。结果表明,利用海带渣制备燃料乙醇是可行的;单独使用超高压技术并不能使海带渣多糖降解,而超高压酸解-酶解联合水解为最佳水解方案,在最优工艺条件下海带渣多糖的水解率可高达85.16%。     

小麦和玉米秸秆的亚临界水预处理条件优化及其生产燃料乙醇的研究

【目的】优化小麦和玉米秸秆的亚临界水处理条件,并考察最优条件下处理残渣的酶解和发酵特性。【方法】采用亚临界水法分别处理小麦和玉米秸秆,以水可溶部分的总还原糖含量为响应值,通过中心组合设计优化处理温度和时间,并研究最优条件下2种原料处理后的残渣的同步酶解和发酵生产乙醇过程。【结果】小麦和玉米秸秆的最优亚临界水处理条件分别为:194℃,0min和190℃,0min;在此条件下,处理后小麦秸秆中的木质素、纤维素和半纤维素含量分别比处理前减少44.9%,4.9%和74.7%,处理后的玉米秸秆对应的3种成分含量分别比处理前减少34.2%,7.2%和69.5%。小麦秸秆的残渣酶解-发酵率优于玉米秸秆,小麦秸秆处理后残渣的酶解率为35%,约为处理前(6.9%)的5倍;玉米秸秆处理后残渣的酶解率为28.8%,约为处理前(9%)的3倍;小麦和玉米秸秆处理后的残渣在35℃下分别发酵(残渣质量分数为11%),最终获得的乙醇质量浓度分别为12.8和10.4g/L。【结论】亚临界水预处理能有效去除小麦和玉米秸秆中的半纤维素和木质素,保留90%以上的纤维素,提高了酶解-发酵过程的效率。     

柴油-乙醇混合燃料配制试验研究

阐述了进行柴油-乙醇混合作柴油机燃料研究的必要性，对柴油、乙醇的主要理化性能进行了对比分析，利用添加剂解决了柴油与乙醇混合时由于存在分层现象而不能在柴油机上直接使用的关键问题，并根据筛选出的添加剂进行了柴油、乙醇的混合试验，得到了可直接用于柴油机的柴油-乙醇混合燃料(DEF)，为在柴油机上直接燃用DEF提供了理论依据。     

小鼠卵母细胞的乙醇激活

昆明鼠卵母细胞ｈＣＧ注射后１８－１９ｈ用体积分数为７％的乙醇作用５－６ｍｉｎ，能够获得较为理想的激活效果，激活率高达９０％。乙醇激活处理时，卵丘细胞以及细胞外Ｃａ＾２＋，Ｍｇ＾２＋的有无对卵子的激活效果均无显著影响。     

植物乙醇提取物对青花菜上桃蚜的影响

在室内测试了19种植物乙醇提取物对青花菜上桃蚜的影响,结果表明:处理后1~2 d,辣椒、勒杜鹃、蓖麻等7种植物的乙醇提取物对桃蚜具有较好的忌避作用;辣椒、勒杜鹃等9种植物的乙醇提取物,桃蚜存活指数较低;马齿苋、蓖麻等9种植物的乙醇提取物,桃蚜繁殖忌避指数较小;处理后实验桃蚜种群干扰作用指数IIPC<1的植物有17种;单独使用勒杜鹃、辣椒、马齿苋、蓖麻对桃蚜的自然种群都有一定的控制作用;勒杜鹃与马齿苋、辣椒与马齿苋混用、马齿苋与蓖麻混用的组合对桃蚜的自然种群控制效果比较好。     

纤维质原料生产燃料乙醇的研究进展

本文介绍了纤维燃料乙醇的发展历程及应用,综述了近年来国内外纤维乙醇技术的发展概况,分析了纤维乙醇产业化亟待解决的关键技术,并提出了纤维乙醇的发展策略。