Bayesian inference towards the resolution of molecular evolution:application to the "Trichoderma harzianum sensu lato" clade

The Hypocrea lixii/Trichoderma harzianum species aggregate contains a group of taxa (H. lixii /T. harzianum, T. aggressivum, T. tomentosum, T. cerinum, T. velutinum, H. tawa) of which some (e.g. T. harzianum) are important for biocontrol of plant pathogenic fungi in agriculture, whereas others are aggressive pathogens of Agaricus spp. and Pleurotus spp. in mushroom farms (T. aggressivum), or opportunistic pathogens of immunocompromised mammals including humans (T. harzianum). We ch…     

基于"3S"的云南省石屏县土地利用动态特点分析

利用土地利用电子数据和SPOT-5卫星遥感数据,在3S技术的综合应用基础上对石屏县1992、2005年两个时期土地利用变化进行了研究。研究表明:①1992年至2005年,研究区园地变化速度较快,动态度达到了20.23%。未利用土地面积减少18865.48 hm2,耕地、林地面积分别增加了7143.22和6057.07 hm2。但由于未利用土地、耕地、林地在研究初期面总量较大,动态度较小。②在研究时段内,该区土地利用动态转化过程中以耕地、林地、未利用土地三者之间的转化、耕地、林地、未利用土地转化为园地,耕地、林地转化为居民用地及工矿等11种转化为主。③该区土地利用综合指数1992年为193.19,2005年为204.49,土地利用处于发展期,但与全国土地利用综合指数220相比有一定的差距。④农业产业结构调整、地方政府政策导向以及城镇建设用地的扩展等是影响研究区耕地变化的主要原因。     

矿用潜水电泵性能正交试验

以煤矿排水用的BQS20—40—5．5型固液两相流潜水电泵为例,选择对泵性能影响较大的3个因素叶片进口冲角、叶片出口安放角和叶片数,对3个因素分别取3个水平,采用L9（3^4）正交表,得到9种试验方案．在计算流体动力学软件Fluent中采用标准k—ε湍流模型和SIMPLE算法,对正交试验中9种方案分别进行单相清水模拟和固液两相流模拟,并对模拟结果进行极差值计算,得到因素与效率指标的直方图．结果表明,叶片出口安放角和叶片数在清水模拟和两相流模拟的最优方案中取值不同,小固体颗粒在叶轮内集中分布于叶片工作面,并沿工作面向外运动,在叶轮出口处以很小的出口角流出,部分颗粒会在叶片出口处与叶片工作面相撞,加剧叶片磨损．因此在设计固液两相流泵叶轮时,叶片出口安放角不易过大．采用两相流理论对BQS20—40—5．5型泵进行优化设计,在设计工况下,泵效率高于国家标准的规定值,叶轮磨损有较大改善,提高了泵运行寿命．     

Optimizing competitive uses of water for irrigation and fisheries

Choosing the appropriate reservoir water management strategy can be difficult when the water has multiple uses. This study examines this problem for reservoir managers where water use involves irrigation and fisheries. A stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) model is developed to facilitate reservoir management, using a case study illustration for southern Vietnam. The model includes the response of rice and fish yields to key factors including reservoir water levels, the timing and quantity of water release, and climatic conditions. The model also accounts for variation in rainfall patterns, irrigation requirements, and the demand for low water levels during the fish harvest season. Three production scenarios are examined where the reservoir's water is used for: only producing rice (scenario 1), only producing fish (scenario 2), and producing rice and fish (scenario 3). Key findings are: (1) for scenario 1, adequate water should be released to meet rice growing water requirements and residual water should be stored as a source of water in case of low rainfall, (2) for scenario 2, sufficient water needs to be released prior to the fish harvest to maximize this harvest; and (3) for scenario 3, water should be released prior to fish harvest, but sufficient water should remain to satisfy the water requirements of rice. When the reservoir is managed for joint production of rice and fish, net benefits are 6% greater than when the reservoir is managed solely for rice production. The SDP model developed in this paper could be adapted and applied to other multiple-use resources such as forests, river basins, and land.     

汽车驾驶机器人模糊神经网络换挡控制方法

为了实现汽车驾驶机器人挡位决策的智能化,提出了一种驾驶机器人模糊神经网络换挡控制方法.模糊神经网络模型的输入为驾驶机器人油门机械腿的位移、试验车辆的车速和加速度,模型的输出为挡位.输入变量的隶属函数都为3个,类型都采用广义钟形函数gbellmf,网络训练算法选用反向传播算法和最小二乘法相结合的混合学习算法.仿真结果表明,汽车驾驶机器人模糊神经网络控制仿真挡位与试验挡位基本一致,该方法可根据操作工况环境实现正确的汽车驾驶机器人挡位控制.     

根系分区交替滴灌条件下葡萄根系分布特征及生长动态

采用原位取土法和根系生态监测系统连续两年研究了葡萄的根系空间分布和全生育期根系生长动态,结果表明:葡萄根系在水平方向主要分布在距离树干100 cm的范围内,占到总根系的80％以上,而且在径向方向呈指数衰减;葡萄根系在垂直方向主要分布在0～60 cm范围的土层内,占到总根系的75％以上.根系分区交替滴灌条件下干燥区与湿润区根系生长是不同的,葡萄的新生根系受到土壤水分条件的限制和自身生长的影响.在整个生育期,葡萄根系分区交替滴灌两侧根系生长均呈抛物线变化.     

基于Web的在线考试系统设计与实现

从基于Web的在线考试系统的体系结构、系统结构设计和系统主要功能实现的三方面,对基于Web的在线考试系统进行了简要的介绍,并提出了系统进一步完善的方向。     

成团泛菌低分子脂多糖的急性毒性、刺激性、致敏性及遗传毒性评估

本研究对成团泛菌低分子脂多糖（Pantoea agglomerans lipopolysaccharide,LPSp）的安全性进行初步评估。本研究采用一次限量法,用昆明种小鼠进行LPSp急性经口毒性试验,了解LPSp的急性毒性;采用新西兰兔分别进行LPSp急性和多次皮肤刺激性试验以及急性眼刺激性试验,了解LPSp的皮肤和粘膜刺激性;采用豚鼠进行LPSp皮肤变态反应试验,了解LPSp的致敏性;应用平板掺入法进行鼠伤寒沙门氏菌/回复突变试验和小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验考察LPSp的遗传危害。急性毒性试验结果显示,LPSp对小鼠经口一次灌胃的LD50大于5000mg/kg体重,属实际无毒级别;LPSp急性和多次皮肤刺激性试验以及急性眼刺激性试验结果显示,皮肤刺激和眼刺激积分均为0分,LPSp对皮肤无刺激性、对眼睛无急性刺激性;在皮肤变态反应试验中,LPSp在各观察时间点的皮肤变态反应积分均为0分,其致敏率均为0%,说明LPSp对豚鼠无致敏性;LPSp的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌/回复突变试验结果呈阴性（P〉0.05）;LPSp的小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验结果亦呈阴性,LPSp各剂量组的微核发生率与阴性对照组未见统计学差异（P〉0.05）,而与阳性对照组有明显差异（P〈0.01）。本研究结果表明,在本实验剂量范围内,LPSp对小鼠经口毒性极低,属实际无毒级别,对家兔皮肤和眼睛无明显刺激性,对豚鼠无致敏性,对所试菌株和小鼠体细胞无诱变性和致突变性。     

一种有效的ABS汽车制动性能检测方法

针对现行检测站的台架试验检测无法真实地反映其制动性能,而道路试验的随机性大、重复性较差等问题.在理论分析的基础上建立ABS汽车的制动性能检测结果的区间函数,结合高速道路试验,对其结果进行评价.结果表明:该方法能大大地减少道路试验的随机性.并能可靠地对ABS汽车的制动性能进行评价.     

Common allergens of atopic dermatitis in dogs: comparative findings based on intradermal tests

Intradermal tests were performed on 58 dogs diagnosed with atopic dermatitis from 2004~2008 at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University, Korea. To compare the allergen distribution observed in the present investigation to the results from other studies conducted in Korea and elsewhere, the allergens were grouped according to their kinds. There was no significant difference in gender distribution among the dogs. The most common breeds among the 58 dogs were Maltese (n = 11) and Shih-tzu (n = 11). The average age was 4.8 years. The most frequently produced a positive reaction on the intradermal tests was mold (67.3%) followed by house dust (54.5%) and house dust mites (49.1%). The present study found a low distribution of dogs allergic to various outdoor allergens compared to studies performed in other countries; this may reflect differences in living conditions for dogs living in Korea.