Fluazifop-butyl causes membrane peroxidation in the herbicide-susceptible broad leaf weed bristly starbur (Acanthospermum hispidum)

In order to clarify the action mechanism of fluazifop-butyl, an aryloxyphenoxypropionate (AOPP) herbicide in bristly starbur (Acanthospermum hispidum DC.), a unique fluazifop-butyl-susceptible broad-leaved weed, ethylene evolution and membrane lipid peroxidation in the plant seedlings were investigated. Foliar application of fluazifop-P-butyl induced ethylene evolution only from bristly starbur, but not from oat (Avena sativa L.), another fluazifop-butyl-susceptible species, and two tolerant species, pea (Pisum sativum L.) and hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa L.). The other AOPP herbicides, quizalofop-ethyl and fenoxaprop-ethyl, and a cyclohexanedione (CHD) herbicide, sethoxydim, did not enhance ethylene production from bristly starbur. This fluazifop-butyl-induced ethylene production in bristly starbur was completely suppressed by aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase inhibitor, but not by p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB), an anti-auxin compound, suggesting this evolved ethylene was not auxin-induced. Phytotoxic action by fluazifop-P-butyl (5 μM) in bristly starbur was reduced markedly by two lipid-soluble antioxidants, vitamin E, and ethoxyquin. The ethylene production from the plant was also inhibited by these two antioxidants. Content of malondialdehyde, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, increased only by fluazifop-P-butyl in bristly starbur seedlings but not in oat, and this increase was inhibited by ethoxyquin. These results strongly suggest that the primary site of action for fluazifop-butyl in bristly starbur is on the membranes and active oxygen species and/or free radicals are involved in peroxidation. Ethylene evolution is probably induced by these reactive oxygen species.     

铅胁迫对草木樨抗氧化系统的影响

用盆栽法研究了重金属铅胁迫对草木樨Melilotus suavena中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,丙二醛(MDA)和体内铅含量的影响。结果表明:在0~1 500 mg/kg铅浓度梯度处理范围内,SOD、POD、CAT活性和MDA含量随铅处理浓度增加而上升。植株体内各器官的铅含量随外源铅处理浓度的增加而上升,根系铅含量与铅处理浓度呈正相关(R2=0.972**)。草木樨在29.942 g/kg的土壤铅浓度下仍能正常生长,体内最大铅积累量达654.93 mg/kg。根部铅的含量大于地上部总的含量,茎中的含量高于叶的含量。     

2个多年生花生品种低温胁迫下活性氧代谢特性研究

不同低温胁迫下对平托花生Arachis pintoi与蔓花生A.duranensis2个多年生花生品种进行的叶片活性氧代谢与质膜特性进行研究。结果表明,A.duranensis品种无论在超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)还是过氧化氢酶(CAT)相对活性在低温胁迫下均不低于或显著高于A.pintoi,表现出相对较高的清除自由基能力;其质膜相对透性(RPP)增加幅度明显小于A.pintoi;丙二醛(MDA)相对含量增加率则表现出相反趋势;表明A.duranensis具有更强的抗寒性。     

香木莲对短时低温胁迫处理的生理生态响应

通过测定木兰科植物香木莲在人为短时低温处理下的一些生理生化指标的变化情况,可以分析香木莲苗木的抗性生理情况,以期对香木莲的抗寒性进行评价.实验结果表明,香木莲的叶片在经短时低温处理后,其脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量及相对电导率均表现为不同程度的上升.而叶片的叶绿素荧光指数的变化则表现为随处理时间的延长,叶片的原初荧光(Fo)上升,其光化学效率(Fv/Fm)及可变荧光/原初荧光比率(Fv/Fo)则表现为随处理时间的延长而降低.这表明,短时低温处理对叶片的叶绿体光系统的潜在活性及量子传递效率造成了一定的影响,结合生理生化指标的变化,可以部分解释香木莲抗寒机制.     

Effect of antioxidant supplementation on free radical scavenging system and immune response in lindane treated scabies patients

The scabicide, lindane induces oxidative stress and immunological alterations. The present study was undertaken to assess the ameliorative effects of antioxidant supplementation in lindane treated scabies patients. Scabies patients were treated with either 1% lindane or 1% lindane along with antioxidant (Lycored or Vitamin-E). Oxidative stress and immunological parameters were evaluated in blood samples and compared with healthy controls. Lindane caused a significant increase in malonedialdehyde (MDA) levels and decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), which was attenuated by anti-oxidant therapy. The IL-1α levels were significantly enhanced in scabies patients per se and remained unaffected after lindane/anti-oxidant treatment. The TNF-α and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction levels were not significantly different in all the groups. Topical application of lindane induces significant free radical generation and may cause immunological alterations which can be reversed by antioxidant therapy.     

Antioxidant role of propolis extract against oxidative damage of testicular tissue induced by insecticide chlorpyrifos in rats

Pesticides induce oxidative stress leading to generate free radicals and alternate the antioxidant or oxygen free radical scavenging enzyme system. This study was conducted to investigate the oral toxicity of chlorpyrifos toward male rat and the oxidative stress of the sub-lethal dose (9 mg/kg; 1/25 LD₅₀) on the lipid peroxidation level (LPO), reduced glutathione content (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities of testicular tissue. Also, the protective effects of propolis extract (50 mg/kg b.w.) alone or in combination with chlorpyrifos were investigated. The oral administration of chlorpyrifos significantly caused elevation in LPO level by 1.79-fold as compared to control. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including CAT, SOD, GPx and GST were decreased significantly (23.66%, 27.75%, 29.13% and 11.52%) as well as the level of GSH decreased by 21.97% in testicular tissue as compared to control animals. Co-administration of propolis extract with chlorpyrifos or alone in male rats decreased LPO level, normalized CAT, SOD GPx and GST activities, while GSH content was increased in testicular tissue. We conclude that propolis extract significantly reduces chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress in rat testis and the protective effect of the pre-treatment with propolis extract as attenuating agent could be due to its antioxidant properties.     

根际铁膜对铜胁迫下水稻叶片叶绿素及MDA质量摩尔浓度的影响

采用盆栽和水培试验,在添加氧化铁及人工制备植物根系铁膜条件下,以水稻叶片叶绿素和MDA质量摩尔浓度为指标,探讨铁膜对重金属Cu胁迫的响应。结果表明,在铜污染条件下添加氧化铁对维持植株中叶绿素含量具有显著作用,但增加土壤中氧化铁的含量对水稻幼苗生长也会产生不利影响;在水培条件下,水稻幼苗对Cu胁迫十分敏感,培养液中铜质量浓度达到1 mg/L时对叶绿素含量就有显著的抑制效应,但随着Cu质量浓度的增加（1~15 mg/L）,铜胁迫对叶绿素的抑制强度变化并不剧烈,反映出铁膜对铜胁迫的抵御功效。     

黄萎菌诱导棉花活性氧及保护酶系的变化研究

以棉花耐黄萎病品种中棉41和感黄萎病品种冀棉11为材料,通过测定黄萎菌诱导前后活性氧积累及保护酶系活性的变化,研究其与棉花抗性的关系。结果表明:在接种黄萎菌后36h,2个品种的棉花叶片O2-产生速率均达到高峰,而中棉41O2-产生速率明显高于冀棉11;同时,叶片内丙二醛(MDA)的含量也均达到一个高峰,中棉41中MDA含量高于冀棉11;在接种后24h和36h,冀棉11和中棉41棉花叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性分别达到一个高峰,且冀棉11变化幅度大于中棉41;对于过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,在接种后24h,2个品种均达到一个高峰,但是耐病品种中POD活性增加幅度不及感病品种。在棉花与黄萎病菌互作的过程中,活性氧和保护酶系参与不同的抗性反应途径。     

BDE209胁迫对翡翠贻贝（Perna viridis）SOD、MDA和GSH的影响

采用半静态实验方法,研究不同浓度BDE209(0.1、1、10mg·L-1)在胁迫1、3、7、15d和清洁海水中释放3、7d后,翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)外套膜和内脏团超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)活性、丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量和谷胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH)含量的变化规律。结果表明,BDE209胁迫后,翡翠贻贝2组织SOD活性先是受到明显的诱导作用,之后随胁迫时间延长被显著性抑制(P<0.01);BDE209对翡翠贻贝外套膜MDA含量的影响呈诱导-抑制反复变化,对内脏团MDA含量的影响表现为明显的诱导效应,其中胁迫第3d时的诱导率最高,为22.83%。翡翠贻贝外套膜GSH含量在BDE209胁迫初期就被显著诱导(P<0.01),随暴露时间延长诱导效应降低,在第15d时被显著性抑制(P<0.05);BDE209可诱导内脏团GSH含量显著性增加(P<0.05),但随暴露浓度增加GSH含量明显降低。清水恢复阶段,在清洁海水中恢复3d后,翡翠贻贝2组织MDA含量和GSH含量相对于对照组仍有显著性增加(P<0.05);而SOD活性总体在外套膜中受到抑制、内脏团中受到诱导,仅个别浓度组有所恢复。     

纳米二氧化铈对斜生栅藻的毒性研究

实验研究了纳米二氧化铈(CeO2)对斜生栅藻的毒性效应.结果显示,当纳米二氧化铈浓度为5、10 mg·L-1时,对斜生栅藻的生长有促进作用(P＜0.01),其促进作用随着浓度增大而减小;至浓度为50 mg· L-1时,开始变为抑制效应;当浓度达到100、200mg· L-1时,表现出显著的抑制作用(P＜0.01),且抑制作用随着浓度增大而增大.光镜拍照和藻细胞直径的变化表现出,随着处理浓度的增大,细胞有小型化的趋势.处理7d后,纳米二氧化铈对叶绿素和SOD含量的影响和对藻密度的影响一致,而对MDA含量的影响刚好相反,说明细胞膜发生了不同程度的脂质过氧化反应.