红豆杉细胞悬浮培养系统激素优化的研究

采用均匀设计安排预试验以确定进一步优化研究的范围,在此基础上采用响应面一阶模型的设计方法,获得关于悬浮培养的红豆杉细胞生长与激素浓度之间的回归方程,表明ＮＡＡ、６－ＢＡ是影响细胞生长的关键因素,２,４－Ｄ、ＮＡＡ、６－ＢＡ以０．２３：１：０．６２比例在现有配方基础上递增有利于接近最优目标。     

Morphological Classification of Traditional Philippine Upland Rice Cultivars in Upland Nurseries Using Cluster Analysis Methods for Recommendation, Breeding and Selection Purposes

Using eight morphological parameters with six cluster analysis methods, a set of 21 traditional and four improved Philippine upland rice cultivars (cvs) could be separated into five groups: (1) improved semi-dwarf plant type, (2) improved or 'moderately modified' (short) Indica plant type, (3) traditional tall Indica plant type, (4) traditional tall Japonica plant type and (5) traditional short Japonica plant type. The results emphasized the importance of the separation into Indica and Japonica plant types, but the cultivars could be classified more accurately using growth characteristics such as tillering ability, followed by plant height and leaf area parameters. The clusters containing Indica cvs consistently showed a higher tiller number per plant, a higher growth stage (DC classification) and narrower leaves than clusters with Japonica cvs. The parameters culm length, plant height, leaf area, leaf length and width were represented in subgroups with both long and short expression of the respective characteristic. Use of the existing variability of morphological traits within the group of traditional upland rice cvs should be beneficial in recommendation, breeding, selection and development of upland rice cvs for the different rice ecosystems as well as for the upland rice/rice blast pathosystem.     

禄劝板栗矢尖蚧梨圆蚧发生规律及防治研究

板栗矢尖蚧、梨圆蚧在禄劝县海拔1500～2000m的板栗种植园内混合发生,两种虫害1年均发生3代,其中较低海拔栗林梨圆蚧发生严重,矢尖蚧发生较轻;阳坡栗林矢尖蚧危害严重,阴坡栗林梨圆蚧危害严重.对板栗物候和两种蚧虫生活史的观察得出,药物防治的最佳时间为板栗抽梢现蕾期(4月上旬)及落叶期(11月上旬).防治试验表明利用速扑杀和氧化乐果喷雾防治两种蚧虫效果良好,其中速扑杀1000倍液防治这两种蚧虫效果最佳,矢尖蚧的虫口减退率达99%,梨圆蚧的虫口减退率达95%.     

Sensory evaluation as a selection tool in apple breeding

Several conventional sensory methods were adapted to provide aprocedure that is suitable for screening apple (Malus × domestica) breeding selections for dessert quality. Trained judges were presented with randomized coded samples (apple slices) and asked to rate them on 0 to 9 bipolar hedonic (liking) scales for texture and flavour, and 0 to 9 unipolar intensity scales for skin toughness, crispness, hardness, juiciness, aroma, sweetness and sourness. Appearance liking was rated on coded samples of five whole apples, using the 0 to 9 hedonic scale. A minimum panel size of eleven judges was generally sufficient to obtain statistical discrimination of one point on the 0 to 9 scales. Panel mean scores for breeding selections relative to standards have been consistent from panel to panel and year to year. A subset of selections and cultivars was rated for appearance and taste by consumers in blind taste tests. In-house panel findings were comparable to consumer ratings for taste and appearance liking, with a few exceptions in appearance. Panel mean scores for texture and flavour liking were regressed on texture and flavour components. Crispness accounted for about 90% of the variation in texture liking. Juiciness, aroma, sweetness and sourness were all important to flavour liking, but their relative importance changed from year to year and in total accounted for only about 60% of variation in flavour liking. Perceived sweetness and sourness were better predictors of liking than analytical measurements of soluble solids and titratable acidity. Formal sensory evaluation can be used successfully for screening breeding selections, and may provide more reliable data than the opinions of only one or two people.     

辛氯乳油中辛硫磷不同分析方法的比较研究

采用高压液相色谱法、气相色谱法及薄层－紫外法３种方法,对辛氯乳油中的辛硫磷进行分析测定,并对这３种分析方法进行系统比较,结果表明：液相色谱法是其中的最佳方法。     

大面积稻田病虫优化防治技术的研究

１９９７￣１９９９年,在对湖南桃江县水稻主要病虫不同年度的灾变特点和病虫发生新动向调查的基础上,筛选出大面积稻田病虫优化防治技术,即县域统防,社区统治,分田施治,依据病虫发生的特征制定防治对策,初步筛选出一批低残留、高防效、有利保护天敌的新农药,采用优化防治技术与依据传统经验进行防治的方法相比,可节省防治费用２１．３１％,增加单产４４０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２     

对番茄灰霉病菌有抑菌活性的丁香和细辛提取物提取条件研究

经试验证明,2种中草药丁香和细辛的乙醇提取物对番茄灰霉病菌具有较强的室内抑菌活性。本研究对这2种中草药的提取进行了不同提取溶剂、不同溶剂浓度和提取时间的测试。结果表明,80％甲醇或甲醇：丙酮：水(2：2：1),30℃,150r／min震荡提取2d是丁香提取物较适宜的室内提取条件;80％乙醇,30℃,150r／min震荡提取3d是细辛提取物的较适宜的室内提取条件。     

干燥方式和粉碎程度对苹果皮全粉理化特性及酚类生物利用度的影响

为了充分回收加工副产物苹果皮中丰富的酚类物质,缓解因处理不当导致的环境污染,本研究采用真空冷冻干燥(FD)和65℃热泵干燥(HP)预处理苹果皮,然后将干燥的苹果皮粗粉碎,再经振动磨超微粉碎5 和25 min制备苹果皮全粉,探究不同制粉方式对苹果皮全粉色泽、微观结构、粉体行为特性以及模拟胃肠消化过程中酚类物质生物利用度的影响。结果表明,随着粉碎时间的延长,粉体粒径变小,色泽变亮变红(L^*和a^*值显著升高),颗粒外观趋于规则、光滑。与粗粉碎相比,超微粉碎使粉体容积密度显著增大,压缩性显著降低,同时也使得粉体性质变得不稳定,影响了粉体流动性。干燥方式和粉碎程度均会影响酚类物质的溶出,HP和超微粉碎显著降低了苹果皮全粉中绿原酸和表儿茶素的含量,而FD显著降低了金丝桃苷、芦丁和根皮苷的含量。在胃消化过程中,芦丁含量升高了1.05~1.47倍,并有新的酚类物质——儿茶素产生,而其他酚类物质约降解了10.53%~34.08%;小肠消化过程中酚类物质的降解程度是胃消化的2~8倍。经透析后测得儿茶素、芦丁、金丝桃苷和根皮苷的生物利用度分别约为237.07%、18.35%、29.52%和41.04%。本研究结果为副产物苹果皮的回收利用提供了一条新途径,为苹果皮制粉加工和新产品开发提供了理论依据。     

3S技术用于黄土高原小流域退耕还林的方法构想

本文指出了"3S"技术(GIS、RS、GPS)在黄土高原退耕还林应用的现状和存在的实际问题,提出了一套"3S"技术用于黄土高原小流域退耕还林的总体思路、方法和主要的技术路线,为实现黄土高原小流域退耕还林的快速、高效的监测进行技术上的准备,在生产实践中具有一定借鉴意义.     

小城镇绿化规划理念与技术

小城镇(大城市边缘区的小城镇、郊区小城镇和农业地带小城镇)是城市与乡村相互联系的节点。因此小城镇绿化规划应具有城市绿化规划和乡村绿化规划双重特点。小城镇的自身发展还应考虑其外围的生态环境背景规模。通常自身规模与背景规模,两者的比值应为1:3以上。