喷射系统工作对柴油机动力性的影响

本文从理论角度分析研究了柴油机喷射系统工作时，各种现象对柴油机动力性的影响，为实际使用提供一定的理论依据。     

Flow cytometry: clinical applications in equine medicine

The use of flow cytometry in veterinary diagnostics is becoming a valuable clinical tool with a broad range of applications. Physical characteristics of cells can be determined by the flow cytometer laser and electronics through the measurement of changes in light scatter properties. Other components and functions of cells can be defined through the application of fluorochrome dyes that have an affinity for cellular components. Traditionally, common clinical applications are immunophenotyping of cells of the hematopoietic system with fluorescent-labeled antibodies raised against specific cell surface proteins. Other approaches have been used to elucidate changes in cell function and DNA content. This review is intended to provide the reader with the fundamental uses of flow cytometry. Examples of clinical applications in equine patients include immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT), chronic inflammatory disease, and neoplasia.     

Isotype-specific antibodies in horses and dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia

Classes of antibody bound to erythrocytes were determined using direct immunofluorescence (DIF) flow cytometry in 3 horses and 12 dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA). Background levels of antibody binding were determined in samples from 12 horses and 12 dogs that were free of clinical disease. The range of nonspecific binding of a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-equine immunoglobulin G (IgG) was 19.9–36.7%, but was eliminated by the use of the F(ab)₂ fragment of FITC-conjugated goat anti-equine IgG. Background binding by other class-specific antibodies to equine and canine erythrocytes was negligible. The DIF results were compared to the direct antiglobulin (Coombs) test in 5 horses and 20 dogs with anemia. The former assay was more sensitive in dogs with IMHA than was the Coombs' test (100% versus 58%). In contrast, the Coombs' test had better specificity than the DIF assay (100% versus 87.5%, respectively). Using clinical parameters or response to therapy as the comparison, the positive and negative predictive values for the DIF test were 92% and 100% compared to the values of the Coombs' test of 100% and 62%. The DIF assay detected low levels of cells bound with antibody (<30%) in 5 dogs that were Coombs' test-negative. For both species, performance of the DIF test was independent of the prozone effect. Five dogs with IMHA had IgG and IgM on erythrocytes, 5 had IgG, and 2 had IgM. Three horses had surface-bound IgG, including a horse with suspected penicillin-induced IMHA, a foal with neonatal isoerythrolysis, and a foal with clostridial septicemia. The DIF method was valuable in monitoring the response to therapy in the foal with neonatal isoerythrolysis.     

阿维菌素长效注射液(油悬剂)对绵羊痒螨的疗效试验

为了研究阿维菌素长效注射液(油悬剂)对绵羊痒螨疗效,将60只自然感染痒螨绵羊随机分为3组,每组20只。第1组每千克体重颈部皮下注射1 mg的阿维菌素油悬剂,第2组注射0.2 mg的阿维菌素普通注射液,第3组为不给药对照组。在给药后第7、14、21、28、35、42、49、56、63、70天对所有绵羊进行螨虫检查和计数,每天观察病变。结果表明:给自然感染痒螨的绵羊皮下注射1 mg/kg的阿维菌素长效注射液(油悬剂)可在给药后7 d内将痒螨完全杀灭,在给药后63 d内防止绵羊被痒螨再感染,其持效期远长于阿维菌素普通注射液(约为14 d)。     

Heterosis, direct and maternal genetic effects on semen quality traits of rabbits

A complete diallel cross involving two rabbit sire lines (C and R) was carried out to estimate the crossbreeding genetic parameters of seminal traits. 2140 ejaculates from 153 males were analyzed. The traits studied were: presence of gel plugs (G), urine (U), and calcium carbonate deposits (CC), number of useful ejaculates (UE), pH, volume (V), mass and individual motility (Mm, Mi), useful Mi (UM), concentration (Cn), number of spermatozoa per ejaculate (TSE), percentage of viable spermatozoa (Vi), spermatozoa with normal apical ridge (NAR), normal spermatozoa (Nr), spermatozoa with morphological abnormalities of head (H), neck-midpiece (Nm), and tail (T), presence of proximal and distal cytoplasmic droplet (Dp, Dd).

Estimates of heterosis, direct and maternal genetic effects were obtained from the solutions of the mixed model. There were major differences in direct genetic effects between lines, which were favourable to line C for Cn and TSE, and unfavourable for CC, Nm and Dp. Smaller differences were also observed in Vi and NAR favourable to line R. Differences between lines with respect to the maternal genetic effects were relevant and favourable to line C for V and to line R for U, UM, Cn, TSE, Nm, Mi, and Mm. Individual heterosis was high for Dp and Dd.     

树干注药对柳树叶片几种生理指标的影响

研究了4种注干液剂(吡虫啉、啶虫脒、吡虫啉·敌敌畏和敌敌畏·氧乐果)树干注射后对垂柳叶片内几种生理指标的影响。结果表明:4种药剂树干注药后均可导致垂柳叶片内可溶性总糖及纤维素含量下降,下降程度与药剂种类及注药后时间长短有关。吡虫啉对可溶性总糖含量影响最显著,药后 6 d下降了28.31%;敌敌畏·氧乐果对纤维素含量影响最显著,药后 6 d下降了19.16%。4种药剂注药后短期内均可导致叶绿素、可溶性蛋白和淀粉含量下降,但随处理时间延长其含量又明显上升。其中吡虫啉对叶绿素含量影响最显著,药后15 d升高了21.31%;敌敌畏·氧乐果对可溶性蛋白、淀粉含量影响最显著,药后15 d分别上升24.94%和 20.32%。     

生物柴油-乙醇混合燃料的燃烧特性

研究了柴油机燃用生物柴油-乙醇混合燃料时的燃烧特性,结果表明:乙醇掺烧比小于30%时,各种不同比例的混合燃料的缸内压力曲线趋势相同;随着混合燃料中乙醇掺混比的增加,滞燃期延长,最大压力升高率增加,缸内最高燃烧压力增大,平均压力升高率曲线及峰值点依次滞后,放热率峰值增大且峰值点滞后,燃烧持续期缩短;最高平均压力升高率不大于0.6MPa/oCA,柴油机运转平稳.     

大批量注射花鲈疫苗方法的研究

研究了大批量注射疫苗中不同麻醉剂FA100的浓度、不同注射深度、不同注射部位和不同注射流程对体长(20.0±1.2)cm花鲈成活率的影响。试验结果表明,用麻醉剂与海水体积比为1∶2000的麻醉剂麻醉后,将鱼轻轻滑至容器壁腹腔注射,注射深度4 mm,成活率最高,可以避免鱼体表机械损伤,提高注射效率和成活率。利用此方法9 d共注射花鲈21万尾,成活率高达99.76%。     

Non-industrial Private Forest Owners' Risk Preferences

A set of hypotheses was formulated on the basis of available knowledge about non-industrial private forest (NIPF) owners' risk preferences. The empirical material used for testing the hypotheses was gathered in telephone interviews with 130 randomly selected NIPF owners. The results confirm that direct economic risks such as price and cost changes are seen by this group as much more important than indirect economic risks such as biological damage. The forest owners regarded forest holdings as a safer investment than stocks or bank savings. The results on risk attitudes were ambiguous. However, when larger amounts of money were at stake, the forest owners could be considered risk averters and a decrease in absolute and relative risk aversion could be confirmed.     

DPF喷油助燃装置工作参数对再生过程的影响

以喷油助燃再生方式为例，基于柴油机微粒捕集器（DPF）过滤体孔道热再生模型，对喷油助燃再生装置在不同工作参数下即喷油压力、喷油率、补气量等单因素变化时对再生过程过滤体排气背压、孔道内微粒层厚度及壁面峰值温度等变化规律进行了研究与分析.结果表明：燃烧器的工作参数喷油压力、喷油率、补气量等对再生过程有显著影响.随着喷油压力的提高，过滤体孔道再生壁面峰值温度升高，加快再生速率提高喷油率可加大燃烧器的功率，再生过程壁面峰值温度增幅较大，从过滤体的安全耐热温度来看应加以控制，但喷油率提高到一定程度后，使排气中氧含量不足，燃烧器燃烧效率下降，且影响微粒的氧化速度，导致再生速率随之下降.适当补气可增加排气中氧含量，可加快再生过程，但进一步加大补气量后由于对流传热散失作用加强将减缓再生过程.