黄花苜蓿的优良特性与开发利用

本文简要介绍了苜蓿属植物黄花苜蓿的分布、生境以及饲用价值高、抗寒、抗旱、耐盐碱等优良特性,并对其与紫花苜蓿相比所占的优势、对苜蓿育种的贡献及在草地改良中的生态价值进行了评述。在简述目前我国黄花苜蓿国研究现状的同时,提出要大力开发利用这一牧草资源,它必将对我国畜牧业生产、退化草地改良及水土保持等发挥重要作用。     

日本鳗鲡腐皮病致病菌异原绵霉(Js80122)适宜生长温度、盐度和pH值的研究

本文研究了日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)腐皮病病原异原绵霉Js80122的生长、适宜生长和最适生长温度、盐度和pH值。Js80122在6℃-41℃范围内能生长,适宜生长温度为15℃～30℃,最适生长温度为25℃;在0～8.5%盐度范围内能生长,适宜生长盐度为0～2.5%,最适生长盐度为0～0.34%;在pH值2.0～8.2范围内能生长,适宜生长pH值为6.0～7.6,最适生长pH值为6.8。二因子正交试验显示,最适生长pH值和盐度分别为为7.0和0.0。     

池塘和稻田养殖模式下克氏原螯虾肌肉和肝脏营养成分比较

通过对池塘和稻田2种养殖模式下克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)的肌肉常规营养成分进行测定,同时,对肌肉和肝胰腺的氨基酸和脂肪酸组成进行测定,从而对其营养品质进行分析评价。结果显示,2种养殖模式下克氏原螯虾粗蛋白和粗脂肪无显著性差异(P>0.05),池塘养殖模式下水分显著高于稻田模式(P<0.05),而粗灰分显著低于稻田模式(P<0.05)。在2种模式下肌肉和肝胰腺中均检测出17种氨基酸,包括7种必需氨基酸和4种鲜味氨基酸。2种养殖模式下肌肉的必需氨基酸总含量占氨基酸总量(WEAA/WTAA)值无显著性差异(P>0.05),而肝胰腺中池塘养殖模式WEAA/WTAA值显著高于稻田模式(P<0.05)。根据氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS),克氏原螯虾肌肉和肝胰腺中第一限制氨基酸均为甲硫氨酸＋胱氨酸,肌肉中第二限制氨基酸为缬氨酸,肝胰腺中第二限制氨基酸为亮氨酸。另外,在肌肉中检测出20种脂肪酸,而在肝胰腺中检测出24种脂肪酸,其中,肌肉和肝胰腺中饱和脂肪酸含量最高的是棕榈酸(C16:0);单不饱和脂肪酸含量最高的是油酸(C18:1n9c)。研究表明,池塘和稻田2种养殖模式下的克氏原螯虾,肌肉和肝胰腺均具有较高的食用价值和营养价值。     

Effect of dietary oxidized oil and vitamin E on growth performance,lipid peroxidation and fatty acid profile of Labeo rohita fingerlings

A 3 × 3 factorial experiment was conducted on Labeo rohita fingerlings to evaluate the effect of dietary oxidized oil and vitamin E. Nine experimental diets were made, based on three degrees of oil oxidation (fresh oil, low oil oxidation and high oil oxidation), and each level of oxidation was further supplemented with three levels of vitamin E (0, 100 and 1,000 mg/kg). Weight gain% and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed fresh fish oil and low oil oxidation level were significantly higher than highly oxidized oil. Moreover, vitamin E supplemented fish also showed better growth performance. Oil oxidation caused a significant reduction in the concentrations of α‐tocopherol and increase in TBARS level and antioxidant enzyme activities in fish liver and muscles. However, increasing the dietary vitamin E abrogated these effects. Dietary vitamin E supplementation improved the fatty acid, more specifically polyunsaturated fatty acids profile of oxidized oil fed fish. In conclusion, dietary oxidized fish oil increased the oxidative stress condition of fish but supplementation of high dose of vitamin E prevented lipid oxidation, improved growth performance and fatty acid profile of L. rohita.     

A fresh look at inland fisheries and their role in food security and livelihoods

The role of inland fisheries in livelihoods, food security and sustainable development is often overshadowed by the higher profile interest in ocean issues. Whilst inland fisheries' catch and contribution to global nutrition, food security and the economy, are less than that of marine fisheries, global‐level comparisons of fish production obscure considerable livelihood impacts in certain countries and sub‐national areas. To highlight these contributions, this paper synthesizes recent data and innovative approaches for assessing such livelihood contributions and their importance in countries with limited access to ocean resources and aquaculture. Inland fisheries are crucial for many socially, economically and nutritionally vulnerable groups of people around the world, but the challenges in monitoring inland fisheries preclude a complete understanding of the magnitude of their contributions. This situation is rapidly improving with increasing recognition of inland fisheries in development discourses, which has also encouraged research to enhance knowledge on the importance of inland fisheries. We review this work, including collated information published in a recent Food and Agriculture Organization report, to provide an up to date characterization of the state of knowledge on the role of inland fisheries.     

The effect of cell density on biomass and fatty acid productivity during cultivation of Rhodomonas salina in a tubular photobioreactor

The microalga Rhodomonas salina is widely used in aquaculture. There is a need for optimization of the growth of the microalgae and its content of essential fatty acids. Here, the fatty acid profile of Rhodomonas in relation to cell density during cultivation in a tubular PBR is investigated. It is expected that cell density is an important factor in controlling productivity and fatty acid content of the microalgae because cell density is important in determining light availability due to the self‐shading of the algae. The carbon productivity as a function of cell density is described by a saturation curve. The carbon productivity and the productivity of total fatty acids are lowest at the lowest cell density, and independent of cell density at higher cell densities. The relative contribution of the two poly‐unsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increases with increasing cell density and saturates at 1 × 10⁶ cells/ml. We conclude that large‐scale production of Rhodomonas in this tubular PBR should take place at cell densities of 1 × 10⁶ cells/ml, while there are indications for increasing difficulties in maintaining steady‐state production in this PBR at higher cell densities.     

海淀公园木本植物多样性分析

[目的]了解海淀公园木本植物多样性。[方法]采用随机样方分析法,对北京海淀公园120个样方中的树木种类、数量和规格等进行统计。[结果]共调查了21科34属42种1 097棵木本植物,木本植物群落处于发展的中前期阶段,其树龄分布基本呈金字塔类型。木本植物的常绿与落叶种类之比约1∶6,数量之比约1∶3,同种常绿树种的使用重复度较高。乔木层的树种优势度相对灌木显著。乔木的物种多样性整体优于灌木,分布上乔木和灌木的均匀性基本类似。[结论]调查结果为城市植物多样性的相关研究和实践工作提供了参考。     

基于奇异值分解和支持向量机的滚动轴承故障模式识别

提出了基于奇异值分解和支持向量机进行滚动轴承故障诊断的新方法。对故障轴承的状态特征提取和故障特征准确分类是解决该问题的两个关键。奇异值分解可以将高维相关变量压缩为低维独立的主特征矢量，而支持向量机可以完成模式识别和非线性回归。利用上述原理根据轴承振动信号的变化特征，采用奇异值分解对其提取状态主特征矢量，然后利用建立的支持向量机多故障分类器完成滚动轴承故障模式的识别。试验结果表明，奇异值分解后的主特征矢量与支持向量机相结合可以很好的分辨出轴承的正常和故障状态，并且对未知故障有良好的识别能力。与常用的人工神经网络方法相比，该诊断方法具有更好的有效性、鲁棒性和精确性。     

Valuing urban trees: A hedonic investigation into tree canopy influence on property values across environmental and social contexts in Baltimore,Maryland

Urban tree canopy yields numerous environmental and social benefits. This study investigates whether the marginal contribution of tree canopy cover to home values depends on certain characteristics of a property and its location. We address this using a hedonic property analysis with data from Baltimore, Maryland. Both Ordinary Least Square and Spatial Lag models were conducted, all including interaction terms between tree canopy cover and various site factors. Our results indicated that, on average, the amount of tree canopy in the 100–400 zone around a single-family property is positively associated with home price. We also find that the marginal impact of canopy on property price increases for properties that are larger in lot size and closer to downtown Baltimore. Model results were mixed in terms of the interactive effects of crime and proximity to major roadway with tree canopy. We suggest that the benefits that tree canopy provides in the form of added privacy, reduced urban heat, noise and pollution may influence these price increases. These findings may signal concerns about the potential for urban greening to contribute to gentrification. In a competitive housing market, those with the capacity to afford to pay more for urban tree canopy and the benefits it provides such as a cooler downtown environment, privacy on larger lots, or reduced noise and pollution from a major roadway may price out those who are unable to pay this urban tree canopy premium. There is, therefore, the potential for unequal increases in home equity across neighborhoods following tree planting and urban greening in Baltimore.     

骏枣生育期内源苯甲酸及3种酚酸变化规律

[目的]研究不同时期新疆骏枣中苯甲酸含量与其合成途径相关的酚酸变化规律,为研究红枣中内源苯甲酸合成途径提供理论基础.[方法]采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用法,测定新疆3个产地8个生长阶段骏枣中与苯甲酸及3种酚酸的含量,采用邓肯氏差异显著性分析方法对其进行分析.[结果]骏枣中苯甲酸含量随着生长时间的延长而积累,喀什地区骏枣生...