使用AoBe处理不同生育期春小麦的增产效应

使用芳氧基乙酸万酯类化合物AoBe处理不同生育期春小麦,在低浓度条件下有促进幼苗生长、提高田间出苗率、刺激增产等生理作用,在高浓度条件下有抑制生长和致死作用。可见,AoBe具有植物生长调节剂的基本作用特性。AoBe刺激增产作用的适宜处理时期和浓度范围是:浸种和挑旗期为0.01ppm,分蘖期为0.1ppm,拔节期为1 ppm,抽穗期为100ppm左右。以0.01ppm浸种和0.1ppm在分蘖期喷施为最佳组合。1000ppm处理春小麦种子则表现为致死作用。     

Pod, Seed and Germination Characteristics of Selected Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (Linn.) Maton) Varieties

Cardamom is a popular and important tropical spice, traditionally propagated by rhizomes, although seeds which are considered recalcitrant are being increasingly used in planting programmes. Thus a study evaluated the effects of pod maturity on pod, seed and germination characteristics of three popular varieties, along with the influence of drying on seed germinability.
Green and yellow mature pods and seeds of all varieties had a high moisture content. The variety Mysore, which is considered high yielding, had larger pods with a greater number of heavy seeds. Although the pods of Vazukka were heavier than the Malabar variety due to greater seed weights, seed numbers were similar in both varieties. Seed moisture contents declined with increasing pod maturity, while seed weights and germinability increased.
The germinability of Mysore seeds were greater, while that of the other varieties were lower. The larger seeds of all varieties germinated 15–20 days earlier, giving rise to a greater percentage (20–25 %) of seedlings. Desiccation at 20 °C maintained germinability for a longer period (5–9 days) in all varieties, than when dried at 30 °C. The seeds of the variety Mysore was more tolerant to desiccation than other varieties. The study illustrated the importance of selecting large seeds from yellow mature pods of cardamom for propagation and the value of establishment immediately after harvest to obtain a greater number of seedlings.     

Influence of percentage of concentrate in combination with rolled canola seeds on performance, rumen fermentation and milk fatty acid composition in dairy goats

The effect of rolled canola seeds (RCS, 0% or 20% of the dry matter (DM) of the concentrate) combined with percentage of concentrate (45% (L) vs. 65% (H) of the diet DM) on rumen fermentation characteristics, production parameters and fatty acid (FA) profile of milk fat was studied in 20 entire goats and 12 goats fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannula. Goats were fed TMR ad libitum for 15 weeks with the final 12 weeks as the test period. Individual milk samples were taken in weeks 5 and 11 to determine the FA profile of milk fat. Feeding the H diets increased NE_L intake, raw milk yield and yield of fat, protein and lactose. Feeding RCS increased fat corrected milk, milk fat content and fat yield. Combination of RCS and high percentage of concentrate increased fat corrected milk and fat yield. Milk protein content was not affected by dietary factors. Feeding the H diets increased the proportion of short-chain FA (C4:0–C8:0), each isomer of trans-C18:1 and c9,t11-C18:2 in milk at the expense of medium-chain FA with 11 to 17 C units. Feeding RCS decreased the proportion of medium-chain FA with 10 to 17 C units in milk and it increased that of C18:0, all isomers of trans-C18:1, c9-C18:1 and c9,t11-C18:2. Goats fed the H diets, and those fed the RCS had lower c9-C18:1/C18:0 and c9,t11-C18:2/t11-C18:1 ratios. Combination of RCS and high percentage of concentrate produced the highest proportion of all isomers of trans-C18:1 and c9,t11-C18:2 in milk, with the highest variability among the four diets for these FA. This was possibly related to between-goats differences in ruminal fermentation and to individual difference in desaturase activity in the mammary gland. It is concluded that feeding a high-concentrate diet combined with rolled canola seeds had a synergistic effect on the milk production and fat yield without alteration in milk protein content in dairy goats. This combination also resulted in changes in FA profile that may differently affect the nutritional value of goat milk for human health.     

石刁柏种子发芽特性的研究

研究了石刁柏种子发芽特性.结果表明:石刁柏种子发芽最适温度为25℃,有无光照对石刁柏种子发芽无明显影响,没有生理休眠期,浸种24 h时发芽率、发芽势最高,用不同浓度的GA3浸种16～24 h时,200mg/L的GA3提高发芽率效果最好、100～200 mg/L的GA3提高发芽势效果最好.     

水稻白叶枯病防治技术研究

应用中国农科院最新研制的农用抗生素中生菌素研究了其对水稻白叶枯病的防治效果和应用技术。室内浸种试验表明,用中生菌素100mg/kg、在水温58℃下浸稻种48h,可全部杀死种子表面及内部的白叶枯病菌,切断了种子带菌传病的途径。田间试验表明,用中生菌素50mg/kg、水温55～60℃的药液浸种48h,再于秧苗3～4叶期和移栽前5～7d用中生菌素15mg/kg施药保护,田间白叶枯病可迟发生20d以上,其发病程度亦显著降低,对于轻病田或轻发生年份大田可免于防治;重病田或重发生年份于发病初期再用中生菌素15mg/kg防治1次,即可控制病情的发展。作者认为用中生菌素浸种及秧田期施药保护不仅改变了以往田间发病初期用药防治的策略,而且大大降低了防治费用,经济效益、社会效益及生态效益显著。     

排种器振动种盘内种群质量实时监测方法

采用悬臂梁称重传感器测量排种器振动种盘内种群的冲击力,在分析不同参数下输出信号变化特征的基础上,设计了由加法器、精密半波整流、二阶巴特沃斯低通滤波和差动放大串联组成的信号处理电路,实现了振动状态下种群质量的实时监测。在振动种盘试验台上进行了性能试验,设定振幅为3、4、5mm,相应振动频率分别在11~13Hz、10~12Hz、9~11Hz范围,结果表明:当单位面积籽粒质量κ1.8 g/cm2时,信号处理电路输出电压Vout与κ的非线性误差小于5.5%;当κ2.0g/cm2时,由于种群振动运动的不稳定导致输出电压Vout的波动性增强,测量的非线性误差增大。信号处理电路零点输出电压随种盘振动强度的提高而增大,测量灵敏度随种盘振动频率的提高而降低,籽粒形状和力学特性差异对测量结果的影响可以被忽略,监测方法具有很好的适应性。     

切轴流式双滚筒大豆种子脱粒机设计与试验

为解决大豆种子脱粒损伤率高和脱净率低的矛盾,提出了钉齿式副滚筒切流预脱、弓齿与钉齿相间组合排列的主滚筒轴流脱粒、切轴流式双滚筒组合脱粒方案,进行了脱粒关键部件结构与参数设计,采用直径较小而短的副滚筒完成大豆植株的打击、抓取和拖带等切流预脱,主脱粒滚筒与副滚筒同向等速且轴向长度和直径均较大,由弓齿与钉齿组合而成,进行大豆的轴流脱粒;设计了样机并进行了脱粒性能试验。采用二次回归正交旋转中心组合优化试验方法,分别建立大豆脱粒损伤率、未脱净率与喂入量、主滚筒转速和主滚筒脱粒间隙关系的回归数学模型,利用Design-Expert 8.0软件对该模型进行优化求解得到最佳参数组合,试验结果表明:在大豆籽粒含水率为17%~19%、秸秆含水率为12%~15%、大豆草谷比1.275条件下,当喂入量为0.44 kg/s、主滚筒转速为489 r/min、主滚筒脱粒间隙为25.06 mm时,大豆脱粒损伤率为1.18%、未脱净率为0.65%;与传统大豆脱粒机相比可使脱粒损伤率和未脱净率分别降低0.22个百分点和0.38个百分点。     

发酵诺尼果种子中有效成分及其抗氧化性

为了有效利用已发酵诺尼果(Noni)种子,探讨提取发酵诺尼种子中有效成分的方法,进一步研究发酵诺尼果种子有效成分的抗氧化性。笔者分别用水蒸气蒸馏和有机溶剂95%乙醇萃取,再对2种提取方法分别获得的发酵诺尼果提取物进行气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)分析;采用A320电子顺磁共振波谱仪对乙醇萃取获得的发酵诺尼果种子精油的抗氧化性进行分析。结果表明,发酵诺尼果种子提取物中的有效成分绝大多数为酯类物质,此外还含有酸类和醇类物质。95%乙醇萃取物经GC-MS分析,首次在发酵诺尼果种子提取物中发现了角鲨烯,其相对含量为12.95%。电子顺磁共振法可简便、快速检测发酵诺尼果种子精油的抗氧化性,乙醇萃取发酵诺尼果种子精油不同层DPPH清除能力表现不同,在提取物相同体积时,样品清除自由基的反应速度很快,其中乙醇萃取发酵诺尼果种子精油下层在2 min能够完全清除自由基,而精油上层在20min不能完全清除自由基。说明其精油下层的抗氧化活性高于上层。笔者认为,已发酵诺尼果种子含有开发价值的活性物质,且该活性物质具有抗氧化性。     

固相微萃取-气质联用法测定紫苏子挥发性成分

采用固相微萃取法(SPME)萃取紫苏子的挥发性物质，经气相色谱－质谱联用仪(GC-MS)检测，结果表明，紫苏子的挥发性成分主要由石竹烯、紫苏醛、a-石竹烯、柠檬烯、临氨基苯甲酸沉香酯、4-乙烯基－4-甲基－3-异丙烯基－1-异丙基－环己烯、(E,E)-1-甲基-5-亚甲基-8-异丙基-1,6-环癸二烯、2,6-二甲基-6-(4-甲基-3-戊基)双环[3.1.1]己-2-烯、1,4-二乙基-1,4-二甲基-2,5-环己二烯等组成，其中石竹烯相对含量最高（41.2 %），紫苏醛次之(12.38 %)。     

激抗菌肥1号在水稻上的应用效果试验

用有机生物菌肥“激抗菌肥1号”浸水稻种子，水稻秧苗素质好，分蘖早，分蘖成穗多，穗大、粒多、粒重，增产49．5kg／667m^2，增加产值94．5元／667m^2。