植物热激蛋白的诱导合成

热激蛋白是一类在有机体受到逆境(如高温等)刺激后大量表达的蛋白。主要参与生物体内新生肽的运输、折叠、组装、定位以及变性蛋白的复性和降解。该文综述了植物热激蛋白的种类、诱导合成方法、机理和基因表达及经典检测和分离手段。     

热激处理对甜柿外植体总酚含量和PAL、PPO、POD活性的影响

甜柿在组织培养过程中极易褐化,为了防止褐变,在培养之前应对外植体进行热激处理。文中研究了热激处理后的宝华甜柿叶片在培养过程中其酚类物质含量和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性的变化情况,并对热激处理抑制组培褐变的生理机制进行了初步探讨。结果表明:热激处理后,宝华甜柿叶片的褐变程度比没有处理的明显减轻,其总酚含量与苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)及多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性均有所降低,但热激处理对其过氧化物酶(POD)活性的抑制效果并不明显,说明热激处理通过降低外植体的PAL及PPO活性,抑制酚类物质的合成及氧化,减少了褐变产物——醌类物质的形成,从而有效抑制了褐变现象的发生。     

花楸树热激蛋白SpHSP70-2基因的克隆及表达分析

探究花楸树响应高温胁迫的分子机制,为遗传改良和耐热品种的选育提供基础,依托花楸树叶片转录组测序数据,采用反转录PCR（RT-PCR）方法克隆得到HSP70家族中的1个基因,命名为SpHSP70-2,同时对该基因进行了生物信息学分析,利用荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）方法对其组织特异性和应答高温胁迫的表达模式进行了分析。结果表明,经克隆得到的SpHSP70-2基因与花楸树叶片转录组测序数据的基因序列一致,SpHSP70-2开放阅读框（ORF）长度为1 704 bp,编码567个氨基酸。SpHSP70-2蛋白具有HSP70特征结构域:核苷酸结合结构域（NBD）和底物结合结构域（SBD）;SpHSP70-2基因无内含子;SpHSP70-2二级结构中具有ɑ螺旋（32.63%）、延伸链（23.28%）、β转角（7.23%）和随机卷曲链（36.86%）;SpHSP70-2蛋白为疏水性蛋白,有11个跨膜螺旋,无信号肽;SpHSP70-2与同科的苹果、白梨的HSP70同源性最高,为90%以上;SpHSP70-2在花楸树的果实中表达量最大,在茎、根中表达量次之,在花中的表达量最小;在42℃高温胁迫处理下,SpHSP70-2表达量呈现先升高后下降趋势,在2 h时达到极值,随后表达量略缓慢下降,说明SpHSP70-2基因参与调控花楸树对高温胁迫的响应。研究结果为今后花楸树响应热胁迫的分子机制研究和引种驯化方面提供基础。     

我国肉羊产业链间的价格传导

为厘清肉羊产业链间价格的传导,本研究根据肉羊产业链上中下游各个环节产品价格的月度数据,构建了向量自回归(VAR)模型,并通过脉冲响应函数与方差分解分析了外部冲击对肉羊产业链价格体系传递的影响。结果表明:只有饲料价格、活羊价格的波动是羊肉价格波动的格兰杰因果;从脉冲响应图来看,羊肉价格对羊肉价格、饲料价格、活羊价格扰动作用的响应分别在当期、第2期和第3期达到最大,随后逐渐减弱;从预测方差的分析结果来看,活羊价格和羊肉价格对羊肉价格变动的贡献率较大。最后从产业链视角完善现有的肉羊价格应急机制;完善肉羊市场流通机制,提高价格传递的效率;推进适度规模化肉羊养殖,促进肉羊产业链纵向联合3个方面提出了政策建议。     

热休克法诱导日本沼虾四倍体的初步研究

以热休克抑制受精卵第一次卵裂，进行日本沼虾四倍体诱导实验，热休克温度在３８、３９、４０和４１℃，于产卵２１０￣２３０分钟后，处理１￣２分钟均可获得四倍体胚胎，４０℃处理１．５分钟，四倍体胚胎诱导率达３６．８％，３８和３９℃处理２分钟后所获得的嵌合体胚胎比率大于四倍胚胎比率，而热休克温度４０℃时，四倍体率显著高于合体比率，４１℃处理时由于有丝分裂异常导致胚胎死亡率高，更适宜的处理时间有待进一步研究，     

Heat shock protein 70 expression in different tissues of Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) following heat stress

Members of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) are highly conserved proteins of about 70 kDa and play important roles in protein folding. Levels of these proteins increase when cells are under stress. Environmental temperature influences both the basal and induced levels of HSPs. However, studies on HSPs in fishes from a tropical country such as India are lacking. In the present study, Indian major carp (IMC) Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) acclimatized at 25±2°C had high levels of HSP70, viz., 1.2–1.3 ng μg^?1 total protein in kidney and gill and 4.2–5.3 ng μg^?1 total protein in liver and brain tissues, indicating the presence of biochemically significant levels of stress. However, maintenance of acclimatized fish at 17°C for up to 48 h did not lead to a significant decrease in stress protein levels. A heat shock at 37°C for up to 48 h resulted in only two to threefold increase in HSP70 levels in these organs. Although the increase in HSP70 levels was apparent from the first hour of heat stress in all these tissues, the increase was significant from the second hour in the brain, the sixth hour in liver and kidney and the 20th hour in the gills.     

微米木纤维JGD型木橡胶减震器的建模理论研究

选用可再生资源---红松木材的加工剩余物和边角碎料切削而成的木纤维为原料,用数学建模方法构造JGD型木橡胶减震器的外部造型,通过MATLAB验证JGD型木橡胶减震器仿真模型的通用性和精确性。动态输入模型参数,得到不同模型所需的加工尺寸,制作与模型相对应的模具。在模具上完成微米木纤维JGD型木橡胶减震器的整个模压加工过程,既能保证木橡胶减震器外形尺寸,又降低其生产成本,可为微米木纤维JGD型木橡胶减震器的加工系统实际生产提供理论依据。     

双斑东方鲀三倍体育苗生产性研究

采用温度休克方法诱导双斑东方鲀三倍体,在水温18-20℃条件下,卵受精后5分钟用40℃的水处理双斑东方鲀受精卵10分钟,三倍体诱导率100％,孵化率相对诱导量达25％;育苗采用前期室内工厂化培育与后期土池培育相结合方法,培育出全为三倍体(体长3 cm以上)苗种5．8万尾,对应孵出苗量,成活率为34．6％。     

Aortic expression of HSP22, TNF-α and eNOS in rats with hyperlipidemia and effects of atorvastatin

AIM:To establish a rat hyperlipidemia model for studying the aortic expression of heat shock protein 22 (HSP22), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and the effect of atorvastatin intervention. METHODS:Hyperlipidemia model was established in SD rats. Afterwards, the rats were divided into normal control group, high fat group and high fat+atorvastatin intervention group. The expression of HSP22 and TNF-α in the rat aortas was detected by immunohistochemical assay and the expression of eNOS was assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS:No detectable expression of HSP22 and TNF-α in the normal control group was observed. However, the expression of HSP22 and TNF-α was positive in the high fat group and the atorvastatin intervention group. The mean densities of HSP22 and TNF-α positive particles were significant lower in the atorvastatin intervention group as compared with high fat group (both P＜0.05). The expression of eNOS protein in the high fat group and atorvastatin intervention group was significantly lower than that in normal control group (P<0.01). However, no marked difference of eNOS protein expression between high fat group and atorvastatins intervention group was observed. CONCLUSION: The expression of HSP22 and TNF-α in the rat aortas is increased in the hyperlipidemia rat model. This effect can be restored by atorvastatin treatment. The expression of eNOS in the rat aortas is decreased in the hyperlipidemia rat model, but this tendency could not be attenuated by atorvastatin.