抗青枯病樱桃番茄品种的初步筛选及评价

对28个樱桃番茄品种的田间抗病性、植株类型、单果质量、果色、可溶性固形物含量等主要经济性状进行调查。试验结果表明,感病品种红艳发病最重,发病率为73.67%,其次是红箭、红日和金艳,发病率分别为23.33%、21.67%和20.33%,其他品种发病率都在20%以下;28个品种的果实颜色、大小、口感等差异明显,除黑宝石映泰及黄金蛋可溶性固形物含量在4.10%以下外,其他品种可溶性固形物含量都达5.20%以上。综合分析,筛选出绿天使、粉仙、红娘9号、绿圆、格丽贝、红椭圆等11个抗青枯病且经济性状优良的樱桃番茄品种,为优质抗青枯病樱桃番茄的选育和推广提供了参考。     

农林生物质原料筛分技术与设备发展现状

针对目前生物质原料中杂质多、筛分设备不匹配等问题,对各类生物质原料进行分类,总结国内外筛分技术的发展现状。同时,通过对杂质的特性分析,针对目前的筛分方法、筛分机械进行相对应的应用,旨在提出一种适合我国生物质成型燃料大规模生产的筛分技术及配套设备,为生物质原料清选工艺提供技术支撑。     

‘福山包头’大白菜叶柄黑点病发生特点及抗性分析

以‘福山包头’大白菜为试材,利用田间调查、显微观察和叶片离体培养的方法,对‘福山包头’系列大白菜叶柄黑点病的发生特点及抗性进行了研究,以期为改善‘福山包头’大白菜抗病性及新品种选育提供参考依据。结果表明:(1)大白菜叶柄黑点病主要发生于叶柄表皮细胞且起始于细胞周质或细胞壁,该病可发生于大白菜的整个生育期,且进入包心期后发展较快;(2)氮素能诱导叶柄黑点病的发生,且铵态氮较硝态氮诱导效果更明显;(3)氮素浓度与叶柄黑点病的发病程度呈正相关,但氮素并不是影响叶柄黑点病发生的唯一因素;(4)‘福山包头’系列大白菜种质资源中,‘福东2号’‘福山82’对叶柄黑点病的抗性较强,‘福小87-13-13’‘皱福’的抗性较弱。     

杨树烂皮病药剂筛选及防治技术

对杨树烂皮病的化学防治药剂进行筛选结果表明，可杀得（53．8％干悬浮剂）、甲基硫菌灵（50％可湿性粉剂）、双效灵（10％）有明显的抑菌效果；可杀得（53．8％干悬浮剂）、甲基硫菌灵（50％可湿性粉剂）、双效灵（10％）3种药剂毒力线的回归关系显著。对8种杀菌剂进行杨树烂皮病防治试验的结果表明，可杀得等杀菌剂防治效果达90％，药效显著。     

豫东地区能源型甘薯品种的筛选

为选育适合豫东地区自然条件的高产高淀粉型甘薯品种,在河南省商丘市进行了生产试验,并测定各品种的鲜薯产量、薯干产量、干物质量、淀粉率及主要病虫害抗性。结果表明:徐薯22、商薯19和金玉3种能源生产专用型甘薯品种能更好地适应当地条件,其淀粉含量比当地主栽品种豫薯9号提高10%左右,产量提高5%～10%。大力发展能源型甘薯种植能使农民增收,使用生物质能源可有效减轻大气污染,经济效益、社会效益和生态效益明显。     

新靶标铁苋菜在除草化合物筛选研究中的应用

铁苋菜具有特殊的生物学特性,属于旱田难防杂草。采用商品化除草剂硝磺草酮及巴佰金对铁苋菜进行室内防除试验,同时验证与硝磺草酮及巴佰金结构类似的新化合物对其的防除活性。结果表明,结构类似的除草化合物对铁苋菜的防除活性较为接近;铁苋菜作为新的生测靶标,可应用于化合物除草活性生测筛选研究。     

茄科植物内生细菌的分离及拮抗菌的筛选

从番茄和辣椒植株中共分离到9株对植物病原真菌具有拈抗作用的内生细菌。其中，来自樱桃番茄的内生细菌株系BS-1和湘研辣椒的内生细菌株系BS-4对辣椒根腐病菌等具有较强的拈抗作用，两者在植株体内均可以定殖。BS-1和BS-4均属于芽孢杆菌。     

A screening test for Mycosphaerella brassicicola on Brassica oleracea

A greenhouse screening method for resistance to ringspot (Mycosphaerella brassicicola) inBrassica oleracea is described. High infection levels were achieved by spraying young plants by mycelial inoculum enriched with 3% sucrose. The screening method was tested on three Brussels sprouts, three cabbage and three cauliflower cultivars, with known reactions to ringspot in the field. Resistance was expressed both in cotyledons and true leaves by a lower number of lesions than the susceptible control and/or by hypersensitive reactions. Results of the seedling tests reflected differences in resistance in the field. Under controlled conditions the new test can be applied year-round to young plants, thus accelerating selection procedures.     

Impedimetric evaluation of compounds for antifungal activity versus Aspergillus niger

The procedure described utilized a microbial monitoring system (bactometer) to measure impedimetrically the inhibitory activity of known antifungal compounds (2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole [TCMTB], 3-iodo-2-propynylbutyl carbamate [IPBC], chlorothalonil, tebuconazole, and copper-8-quinolinolate [Cu-8]) on growth of Aspergillus niger Teigh. in a liquid medium. The MIC values determined were based on the activity of the compounds to inhibit a change in the capacitance of the medium during a 96-h period after inoculation. The MIC values obtained with the bactometer were compared with MIC values derived from the inhibition of radial growth of A. niger on the same liquid medium solidified with agar. The MIC values for all the compounds tested were substantially lower when determined with the bactometer than on agar. The impedimetric evaluation of compounds for antifungal activity offers advantages of speed, sensitivity, and data collection.