Algal Lectins as Potential HIV Microbicide Candidates

The development and use of topical microbicides potentially offers an additional strategy to reduce the spread of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs) that show specificity for high mannose carbohydrates on the surface of the heavily glycosylated envelope of HIV are endowed with potent anti-HIV activity. In fact, a number of algal lectins such as cyanovirin-N, microvirin, microcystis viridis lectin, scytovirin, Oscillatoria agardhii agglutinin and griffithsin are considered as potential microbicide candidates to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV through topical applications. They not only inhibit infection of cells by cell-free virus but they can also efficiently prevent virus transmission from virus-infected cells to uninfected CD4(+) target T-lymphocytes and DC-SIGN-directed capture of HIV-1 and transmission to CD4(+) T lymphocytes. This review focuses on the structural properties and carbohydrate specificity of these algal lectins, their antiviral activity against HIV and several other enveloped viruses, their safety profile and viral resistance patterns.     

微生物检测中糖量子点的制备及其与凝集素的相互作用

为了以量子点为探针建立简便快速的病原微生物检测方法,采用配体交换法将具有微生物特异性的糖链偶联到CdSeS/ZnS量子点表面,制备2种糖量子点复合材料（甘露糖-量子点和半乳糖-量子点）。通过对它们的结构、物性和光谱学特性进行表征,结果显示：2种糖量子点均具有良好的水溶性、荧光发射和紫外-可见光吸收性能。进一步以这2种糖...     

双孢蘑菇2796凝集素的提取及其部分理化性质研究

双孢蘑菇2796的子实体经PBS浸提、40％～60％饱和度的硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析和Sephadex G-100分子筛柱层析纯化得到双孢蘑菇2796凝集素.双孢蘑菇2796凝集素经SDS-PAGE检测为单一条带,测得亚基相对分子质量为15.7 kD,通过Sephadex...     

糖基化磁性纳米粒子的制备及其对凝集素的富集分离

为了构建简单高效的病原微生物分离纯化方法,首先制备了双金属磁性纳米粒子Au-Fe3O4,然后在Au组份的表面修饰了可特异性结合凝集素及病原微生物的的乳糖基(Lac),获得了糖基化磁性纳米粒子Lac-Au-Fe3O4,并进一步研究了Lac-Au-Fe3O4与蓖麻凝集素(RCA120)之间的反应及其对RCA120分离效率的影响,结果表明:1)Au-Fe3O4纳米粒子尺寸均一(8+14 nm),呈哑铃状,Au和Fe3O4组份分别位于哑铃的两端;2)Lac-Au-Fe3O4具有良好的水溶性和磁学性质,在30 min之内可特异性地与RCA120充分结合;3)在外加磁场作用下,Lac-Au-Fe3O4对水溶液中RCA120的分离效率约为70％,可有效分离微量样品(1 nmol/L).通过本实验,笔者对糖基化磁性纳米粒子的制备及其与凝集素的反应有了较为深入的了解,为进一步发展简单、快速的病原微生物分离方法奠定了基础.     

理化因素对白芸豆凝集素生物学活性影响

[目的]研究物理与化学因子对白芸豆凝集素生物学活性的影响,为白芸豆凝集素开发利用奠定理论基础和提供技术参考.[方法]白芸豆（Phaseolus vulgarisL）种子经硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose离子交换和Sephadex G-100凝胶柱层析得到凝集素（PVL）;然后以不同温度和pH梯度、不同金属离子、不同变性剂处理样品,通过倍比稀释法测定凝集素的生物学活性.[结果]白芸豆凝集素能使兔血红细胞发生凝集,在20～70℃红细胞凝集活性不受影响,当温度达到80℃时凝集素样品仅有25％凝血活性,85℃加热30 min凝血活性全部消失.用EDTA溶液处理后,白芸豆凝集素失去凝血活性,金属离子Mg2＋和K＋能恢复凝血活性,Mn2＋能完全恢复凝血活性,Ba2＋、Cu2＋、Fe3＋、Ca2＋不能使凝血活性恢复.白芸豆凝集素在缓冲液pH低于4.0时凝血活性逐步降低,在pH 3.0时,活性仅有45％;在缓冲液pH高于7.2时活性逐步降低,pH 9.0时凝血活性仅有44％.3种变性剂变性试验中,脲能使凝集素凝血活性降低70％,盐酸胍能降低30％,SDS能降低18％.[结论]白芸豆凝集素具很强的热稳定性和广谱酸碱度适应能力;凝血活性依赖Mn2＋等金属离子,且仅能被变性剂6 mol/L脲部分抑制.在实际应用中,可根据适宜条件控制其物理和化学因素,防止凝集素变性失活.     

菊芋块茎发育期凝集素基因的鉴定和表达分析

凝集素是生物中普遍存在的一类糖结合蛋白,通过特异识别不同糖基而介导多种生物过程。本研究以‘南菊芋1号’为研究材料,克隆并鉴定了12个凝集素基因。利用生物信息学分析这些基因编码蛋白的性质表明:等电点为4.96~5.23,偏酸性;依据其特异性糖基结合域归为三类:8个属于木菠萝家族(JRL),2个属于雪花莲家族(GNA),2个属于卫欧矛家族(EUL);其二级结构主要为无规则卷曲,三级结构主要构象成分为β片层。基于转录组数据分析表明,根中HtJRL4/HtGNA2、茎中HtJRL3、叶中HtJRL1、初始块茎中HtEUL1/HtEUL2/HtGNA2和成熟块茎中HtJRL6的表达更为丰富。RT-qPCR分析显示,多数菊芋凝集素基因在块茎发育的中期和/或后期表达丰度显著高于前期,但各自又呈现较大的变化差异,推测其可能作为块茎的贮藏蛋白或参与信号转导和胁迫感知。本研究结果将为后续深入研究凝集素功能和选育优良菊芋品种提供科学基础。     

Breeding of tetra null soybean (Glycine max) for lipoxygenase,kunitz trypsin inhibitor,lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins

Soybean seed includes various bioactive substances. Also, they contain a variety of antinutritional factors including lipoxygenase, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI), lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins. The genetic removal of these proteins will improve the nutritional value of soybean seed. The objective of this research was to breed new soybean with tetra recessive alleles (lox1lox2lox3/lox1lox2lox3‐ti/ti‐le/le‐cgy1/cgy1) for lipoxygenase, KTI, lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins. Seven parents were used to breed tetra null strain. SDS‐PAGE and Western blot analysis were used to determine the presence or absence of lipoxygenase, 7S α' subunit, KTI, and lectin proteins in mature seed. Tetra null soybean line has a purple flower, determinate growth habit, tan pod, and yellow seed coat colour. Stem height of the breeding line was 62.3 cm. The 100‐seed weight of the breeding line was 27.1 g and yield (t/ha) was 2.84. This is the first soybean strain with lox1lox2lox3/lox1lox2lox3‐ti/ti‐le/le‐cgy1/cgy1 genotype (absence of lipoxygenase, KTI, lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins).     

植物凝集素在抗病虫害中的应用

植物凝集素是一类具有高度特异结合活性的蛋白,含有1个或多个可与单糖或寡聚糖可逆性特异结合的非催化结构区域。在简要介绍植物凝集素的定义、分类、特性的基础上,详细介绍从小麦胚芽、豌豆、半夏等植物中提取的植物凝集素在病虫害防治中的重要作用。     

水稻根际高效解磷菌菌株的筛选

以选择性培养基从水稻根际分离出81株解磷细菌,再利用FITC标记的稻胚凝集素从中筛选出21株能够和稻胚凝集素发生特异性作用的解磷菌株。将这些菌株在培养液中振荡培养7d,分别取10ml培养液进行消煮,测定其含磷量;选择解磷能力强的7个菌株在平板上进行水稻栽培试验,结果表明有2株解磷菌株对水稻生长有明显的促生效果,鲜重增产幅度超过45%,可作为研制微生物肥料的出发菌株。     

裙带菜凝集素对鲫的免疫诱导

将从裙带菜Undaria pinnatifida中提取的凝集素作为免疫诱导制剂,注射到鲫Carassius auratusw体内,在连续注射7 d和9 d时,分别对鲫血清中的溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的酶活性进行测定,结果表明,注射凝集素7 d和9 d时,鲫血清中溶菌酶的酶活性比对照组分别提高18.83%、12.69%,SOD的酶活性比对照组分别提高66.67%、139.99%,CAT酶活性比对照组分别提高16.60%、63.63%。说明凝集素可以明显提高鲫血清中这3种酶的表达水平。