Differential Response of Southern US Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars to Ultraviolet‐B Radiation

Elevated ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B; between 290 and 320 nm) radiation, because of depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, is one of the major environmental factors influencing plant metabolic processes and yield. The southern US rice cultivars contribute greatly towards US rice production, but the effects of elevated UV‐B radiation on these cultivars are not well known. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of elevated UV‐B radiation on leaf photosynthetic rate (P_n), membrane stability, pollen viability, phenolic concentration and yield of eight commercially popular southern US rice cultivars (five inbred cultivars and three hybrids). Plants were grown in a temperature‐controlled greenhouse in Beaumont, TX, USA, and were exposed to UV‐B radiation of 0, 8 or 16 kJ m^?2 day^?1 for 90 days. For most of the cultivars, plants grown under 8 or 16 kJ UV‐B radiation showed significant decreases in P_n, membrane stability, pollen viability, and yield compared with the plants grown under an UV‐B‐free environment, whereas there was a significant increase in leaf phenolic concentration under 16 kJ UV‐B radiation. The hybrid ‘Clearfield XL729’ performed best among the selected southern US rice cultivars under 16 kJ UV‐B radiation.     

浅谈低温地板辐射采暖的应用

低温热水地板辐射采暖是在埋设于地板内的加热盘管内循环低温热水,利用温水的散热量来加热采暖房间的地板,以房间的整个地板作为散热面,实现向房间辐射采暖的一种供暖方式。它具有舒适、节能、隔音、节省室内空间、使用寿命长等优点。     

放射性肺纤维化大鼠动物模型的建立及其病变规律

用 60 Coγ射线对二级雌性 Wistar大鼠 (体重 ( 2 2 0± 2 0 ) g) 2 2 3只进行 30 Gy全胸单次照射 ,其中照射野为 4 .5cm× 4 .0 cm,照距为 3m,剂量率为 2 .7Gy/ min。分别于照后 3、7、1 4、2 1、2 8、4 2、56、70、90、1 80、2 70、36 5d共 1 2个时间点进行了取材观察。结果表明 ,肺脏病变初期呈急性变化 ,以后转为亚急性或慢性进行性发展过程 ,可大致分为 2个阶段 4个期。早期即急性炎症期或渗出期 ,中期为增生期 ,这 2期合为疾病的第 1阶段 ,称为放射性肺炎。后期即纤维化期 ,晚期即胶原化期 ,这 2期共同构成本病的第 2个阶段 ,称为进行性间质纤维化阶段     

Does root-sourced ABA play a role for regulation of stomata under drought in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

The Andean seed crop quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is traditionally grown under drought and other adverse conditions that constrain crop production in the Andes, and it is regarded as having considerable tolerance to soil drying. The objective of this research was to study how chemical and hydraulic signalling from the root system controlled gas exchange in a drying soil in quinoa. It was observed that during soil drying, relative g_s and photosynthesis A_max (drought stressed/fully watered plants) equalled 1, until the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) decreased to 0.82 ± 0.152 and 0.33 ± 0.061, respectively, at bud formation, indicating that photosynthesis was maintained after stomata closure. The relationship between relative g_s and relative A_max at bud formation was represented by a logarithmic function (r² = 0.79), which resulted in a photosynthetic water use efficiency WUE_Amax_/gs$\text{WU}{\text{E}}_{A_{\text{max}}/g_{\text{s}}}$ of 1 when FTSW > 0.8, and increased by 50% with soil drying to FTSW 0.7–0.4. Mild soil drying slightly increased ABA in the xylem. It is concluded that during soil drying, quinoa plants have a sensitive stomatal closure, by which the plants are able to maintain leaf water potential (ψ_l) and A_max, resulting in an increase of WUE. Root originated ABA plays a role in stomata performance during soil drying. ABA regulation seems to be one of the mechanisms utilised by quinoa when facing drought inducing decrease of turgor of stomata guard cells.     

Review on Application of Electromagnetic Theory and Technology to Forest Pests Control

INTRODUCTIONThere are few forestry reserves in China and theforest pests break out frequently and seriously.There are various kinds of forest pests in Chinaand the area damaged by forest pests is large, witha tendency to rise constantly. Forest pests havebecome one of the key restrictive factors of thesustainable development of forestry in China.The chemical method, prevalently used in forestpests control, has good effect on the pests harmfulto leaves. But it has little effect on such pe…     

A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF 140 DOGS WITH ORAL MELANOMA TREATED WITH EXTERNAL BEAM RADIATION

Despite the early notion that canine oral malignant melanoma is radioresistant, recent data suggest that external beam radiotherapy is effective in local tumor control. However, optimal fractionation schedules have not been established. The high rate of regional and distant metastasis is another problem that has hindered long-term control. The role of chemotherapy in the management of canine oral melanoma has also not been determined. In this study, data from 140 dogs irradiated at North Carolina State University were evaluated with the following objectives: (1) to compare the efficacy of three radiation therapy protocols (36 Gy, 9 Gy x 4 fractions; 30 Gy, 10 Gy x 3 fractions; or >45 Gy, 2-4 Gy x 12-19 fractions) for the treatment of dogs with oral malignant melanoma, (2) to identify any host or tumor factors influencing prognosis, and (3) to determine the impact of systemic chemotherapy on treatment outcome. Information regarding response to therapy, disease progression, and survival were determined from the medical records or from information obtained by telephone or mail survey. Relationships between host, tumor, and treatment variables and outcome measures (response, time to first event, and survival) were evaluated using Fisher's exact test (response) and the Cox regression model (time to first event and survival). The median time to first event for the 140 dogs was 5.0 months (95% C.I., 4-6 months) and the median survival was 7.0 months (95% C.I., 6-9 months). In the univariate analysis, the following variables were associated with increased time to first event and survival: (1) rostral tumor sublocation; (2) lack of bone lysis observed on skull imaging, and (3) microscopic tumor burden. In a multivariate analysis of 111 dogs with complete data for these variables, tumor sublocation, bone lysis, and tumor volume were identified as joint predictors of time to first event (p < .001, p < .001, and p = .04, respectively) and survival (p < .001, p < .001, and p = .05, respectively). There were no differences in response, time to first event and survival between the three radiation therapy protocols used. Systemic chemotherapy had no impact on the development of metastatic disease, time to first event, or survival, although the dosages used in this study were suboptimal. External beam radiation therapy is effective in local disease control of canine oral malignant melanoma; however, the optimal fractionation scheme has yet to be determined. The high metastatic rate observed with this disease and the inefficacy of systemic chemotherapy indicate that further investigation into novel therapies is warranted.     

青冈常绿阔叶林的太阳辐射分布特征

通过野外定位观测，对青冈（Ｃｙｃｌｏｂａｌａｎｏｐｓｉｓｇｌａｕｃａ）常绿阔叶林太阳辐射分布特征进行了研究．结果表明，青冈林反射辐射、透射辐射和吸收辐射的季节动态与太阳总辐射的季节动态相似，各辐射分量均为夏季最大，冬季最小，四季中群落的反射率、透射率和吸收率分别为１６％～２２％、９％～１２％和６７％～７４％．林冠层对光强的衰减率达８０％～９０％，且衰减率随太阳高度角的增大而增大．群落中部以下光强的衰减很小     

微波辐射技术在淀粉改性中的应用

简要介绍微波技术的原理,以及目前在淀粉改性方面的应用状况及发展趋势。     

RADIATION PNEUMONITIS IN THREE DOGS

Radiation pneumonitis developed within the radiation treatment field in three dogs with soft tissue sarcomas located on or adjacent to the thoracic wall. Radiographic signs compatible with a diagnosis of radiation pneumonitis developed from one (n = 2 dogs) to two (n = 1 dog) months after completion of therapy. The initial radiographic sign was an alveolar infiltrate in all three dogs. At subsequent examinations at variable time periods after treatment, radiographic findings included: bronchiectasis (n = 3 dogs), alveolar infiltrate (n = 2 dogs), decreased lung volume (n = 2 dogs), and unstructured interstitial opacification (n = 1 dog). Necropsy examination of one dog at fourteen months after the completion of radiotherapy showed evidence of pulmonary fibrosis within the irradiated lung. Necropsy examination of the second dog did not show any evidence of radiation induced changes. It is possible that histopathologic examination did not include irradiated lung. No clinical signs that could be attributed to the radiation pneumonitis were observed in any dog. It appears that approximately 25% of the lung can be safely irradiated to high doses, if indicated, in order to deliver an adequate dose of radiation to a primary tumor site.     

板栗的防腐贮藏

板粟收获后用一定浓度的化学防腐剂处理，或用一定剂量的Ｃｏγ─射线辐射处理，可以明显地抑制板栗的霉烂，降低贮藏损失。