Effects of juniper berry oil on growth performance and blood parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

In this study the effects of commercial juniper berry oil (JBO) as a feed additive in diets for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was investigated in terms of growth performance, feed utilization and blood parameters. The experimental diets were prepared to contain JBO at rate of 0 (JBO‐0), 5 (JBO‐5) and 10 (JBO‐10) ml/kg. Common carps (3.07 ± 0.15 g) were fed with test diets for a period of 60 days in 40‐L aquariums of triplicate groups. The feeding experiment revealed that JBO groups showed significantly better growth performance and feed utilization compared with the control group (JBO‐0) (p < 0.05). No significant effect was observed on hemoglobin amount, haematocrit ratio and consequential erythrocyte indices (p > 0.05). In the JBO groups, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, glutamic–pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05). In contrast, the total protein level showed a significant increase, while glucose, albumin and lactate dehydrogenase levels did not present any significant variation (p > 0.05). Therefore, dietary addition of 5 ml/kg JBO promoted fish growth and positively influenced the blood parameters in common carps.     

鸭茅种质资源苗期抗旱指标筛选及抗旱评价

为筛选鸭茅苗期抗旱性指标,以7份不同来源鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)种质为供试材料,设置适宜水分、轻度和重度干旱胁迫3个处理,于处理30 d后测定叶片的相对含水量、相对电导率、抗氧化酶活性等生理生化指标,采用抗旱性度量值、综合抗旱系数、加权抗旱系数并结合主成分分析、隶属函数分析、灰色关联分析等多种方法对...     

邻苯二甲酸酯污染对黑土转化酶与脲酶反应动力学的影响

采用室内模拟法,以东北黑土为供试土壤,以邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)为代表,采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸法和靛酚蓝比色法测定土壤转化酶和脲酶的活性,研究邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)污染对黑土转化酶和脲酶活性及其反应动力学的影响。结果表明,PAEs抑制了黑土中转化酶和脲酶的活性。基于土壤酶活性和PAEs浓度作线性回归,求得黑土轻微污染的临界指标(ED₁₀):DMP污染黑土中转化酶和脲酶的ED₁₀分别为24.352和5.015 mg·kg^-1;DBP污染黑土中转化酶和脲酶的ED₁₀分别为16.911和8.677 mg·kg^-1。根据ED₁₀值越小越敏感的原则,判定黑土中脲酶对PAEs污染比较敏感,可将脲酶活性作为反映PAEs污染黑土的生化指标。DMP和DBP使黑土中转化酶和脲酶酶促反应动力学参数降低,属于反竞争抑制机制。PAEs可能改变黑土的碳氮循环及其生态系统功能,进而影响黑土的可持续利用。     

湖南烟区烤烟散叶烟箱烘烤过程中的生理生化研究

为了解散叶烟箱烘烤的效果,降低烟叶烘烤成本,对比分析了烟夹和散叶烟箱2种装烟方式烘烤过程中烟叶水分含量、色素含量、酶活性的变化以及烤后烟叶质量。结果表明:散叶烟箱烘烤过程中烟叶的失水速率低于烟夹烘烤,而叶绿素降解则快于烟夹烘烤;2种装烟方式烘烤过程中烟叶类胡萝卜素含量呈现先增后减再增的趋势,但散叶烟箱烘烤的降解幅度小于烟夹烘烤;散叶烟箱烘烤烟叶PPO活性在42℃结束高于烟夹烘烤,其余温度点均低于烟夹烘烤,而淀粉酶、SOD与POD活性48℃结束之后高于烟夹烘烤;散叶烟箱烘烤烤后烟叶组织致密,油分略显不足,色度较弱。在烟叶烘烤过程中需依据烟叶酶活性变化来调整布局方式,以提高散叶烟箱烘烤质量。     

干旱胁迫下外源内生菌提取物AAC-2对玉米苗期生理生化特性的影响

以植物内生菌提取物(AAC-2)拌种预处理玉米(Zea mays L.)种子,在10%PEG-6000胁迫模拟干旱环境下,研究植物内生菌提取物AAC-2对玉米幼苗生理生化特性的影响。结果表明,经AAC-2处理后玉米苗期叶片比对照叶绿素含量增加3.33%,脯氨酸含量增加10.43%,可溶性糖含量增加11.29%,丙二醛含量降低18.50%。植物内生菌提取物(AAC-2)通过对玉米苗期生理生化特性的干旱适应性调节,可有效缓解干旱胁迫对玉米幼苗的伤害,提高其抗旱能力。     

The role of dietary L‐ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate on the growth and physiological functions of beluga,Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758)

Effects of dietary ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation were carried out on growth performance and physiological indices in juvenile beluga Huso huso fed different levels of dietary L‐ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate as AA source consisting of 0 (control), 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 mg AA kg^?1 diet for 16 weeks. No significant differences were found in growth performances between treated groups except for condition factor. Using AA caused significant differences in haemoglobin, number of red blood cells, white blood cells, aspartate aminotranspherase and lactate dehydrogenase, while no significant difference was found in haematocrit, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, differential white blood cells count and alkaline phosphatase activity at the end of the experiment. Lysozyme activity after 8 weeks was significantly affected by dietary treatments with the lowest value in fish fed control diet, but not at completion of 16‐week feeding trial. Liver AA concentration showed a significant increase in correlation with dietary AA increase. Air exposure stress test showed significant differences among the treatments in case of cortisol and glucose concentrations. Also between pre‐ and post stress, significant changes were observed in some of treatments. The lowest and highest levels of cortisol were 9.2 ± 3 (in 200 mg kg^?1) and 16.8 ± 5.1 ng mL^?1 (in control), 6 h post stress (P < 0.05) respectively. Also, the lowest and highest levels of glucose were measured in fish fed 200 and 800 mg AA kg^?1 respectively. The obtained results showed that most growth parameters were not affected by dietary AA, but some physiological and immunological parameters of this species were influenced by this vitamin. We suggest that under rearing conditions, AA should be added to the diet especially during early life stages for improving health status and resistance to stressors.     

茶叶生物化学研究进展

茶叶生物化学是研究茶树生命化学的科学,主要在生物化学与分子水平上探讨茶树特别是新梢中特征性次级代谢产物的合成途径、结构与功能,以及在茶叶加工及贮藏过程中的转化规律,与茶叶品质形成的关系。近年来,茶叶生物化学主要侧重在与茶叶品质和健康功效密切相关的儿茶素、咖啡碱、茶氨酸、萜烯类香气物质等合成途径的研究,并在茶树基因组、特异性茶树种质资源代谢组、茶叶加工过程代谢谱、茶叶品质化学等领域开展了深入研究,取得了一些突破性进展。茶叶生物化学作为茶叶科学的基础,其研究成果为茶树栽培和育种、茶叶加工和深加工、茶叶贸易和茶文化提供了理论依据和方法手段。随着行业和科技的发展,茶叶生物化学研究的深入和拓展,在茶产业的可持续发展中发挥着愈来愈重要的作用。     

3种品系尼罗罗非鱼生长及高密度胁迫后生理响应变化的比较

以‘吉富’、‘新吉富’、‘埃及尼罗’3种不同品系尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)为研究对象, 通过不同品系之间生长与高密度胁迫反应的比较, 探讨3种尼罗罗非鱼的生长特点与应激后生理响应的变化规律。将初始规格基本一致的3种品系尼罗罗非鱼饲养100 d后, 吉富罗非鱼特定生长率最高, 新吉富其次, 两者间无显著差异(P>0.05), 埃及尼罗罗非鱼特定生长率显著低于吉富罗非鱼(P<0.05)。吉富与新吉富罗非鱼的内脏比显著高于埃及尼罗(P<0.05); 3种尼罗罗非鱼的肥满度之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。养殖实验结束后, 进行48 h的急性高密度(100 g/L)应激实验。应激48 h内, 吉富与新吉富罗非鱼血清总蛋白、葡萄糖、谷草转氨酶、胆固醇与溶菌酶活力/水平以及肝HSP70mRNA水平呈先上升后下降的变化。应激48 h后, 埃及尼罗罗非鱼血清皮质醇水平与应激前相比无显著差异(P>0.05), 吉富与新吉富罗非鱼的皮质醇水平显著高于应激前(P<0.05); 埃及尼罗罗非鱼血清溶菌酶活力与肝HSP70 mRNA水平在应激后48 h内始终高于应激前(P<0.05)。研究结果表明, 短期高密度胁迫可提高3种尼罗罗非鱼血清葡萄糖与甘油三酯的利用, 并诱发肝损伤。埃及尼罗罗非鱼的抗高密度应激能力高于吉富和新吉富罗非鱼。

     

硼对绵羊血液生化指标的影响

选择健康的 6月龄小尾寒羊与东北细毛羊杂交后代 12只 ,采用单因素随机分组验试设计 ,分成 3组 ,每组 4只间。第 1组为对照 ,饲喂基础日粮 ,第 2 ,3组分别在基础日粮中添加 113mg· kg- 1、2 2 6 m g· kg- 1硼 (以硼砂形式 ) ,研究硼对绵羊血液生化指标的影响。试验结果表明 ,不同水平的硼均能不同程度地降低尿素氮、肌酐的含量 ,其中以添加量 2 2 6 m g· kg- 1对绵羊的影响效果达显著水平 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;添加不同水平的硼能够提高血中钙、磷含量 ,添加量 113m g· kg- 1 显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;添加硼 2 2 6 mg· kg- 1 可显著增加绵间血清谷丙转氨酶的活性(P <0 .0 5 )     

花生萌发期对低温胁迫的生理生化响应机制

为探讨不同花生品种低温胁迫下的萌发差异成因,为花生耐低温种植及抗冷性研究提供理论依据,本研究以耐低温品种豫花22号和中间耐性品种漯花16号以及低温敏感型品种泉花6号、鲁花11号为材料,测定不同温度处理条件下萌发相关的生理指标.结果显示,与CK相比,低温处理显著降低了各花生品种的露白率、发芽率、相对发芽率,不同抗性品种存...