Use of a cyclic high-pressure sodium lamp to inhibit flowering of chrysanthemum and velvet sage

Photoperiod is commonly controlled in the commercial production of ornamental crops to induce or prevent flowering. Flower induction in short-day (SD) plants can be prevented or delayed when the natural daylength is short by providing low-intensity lighting during the dark period. A stationary high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamp with an oscillating aluminum parabolic reflector (cyclic HPS) has been developed to provide intermittent lighting to greenhouse crops. We determined the efficacy of a cyclic HPS lamp at preventing flowering in SD plants garden chrysanthemum [Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam.] ‘Bianca’, pot chrysanthemum ‘Auburn’, and velvet sage (Salvia leucantha L.) relative to traditional night interruption (NI) lighting strategies. Plants were grown in a glass-glazed greenhouse at a mean daily temperature of 19.5–20.7 °C with natural SD photoperiods. NI lighting was delivered during the middle of the night (2230–0230 h) from a 600 W cyclic HPS lamp mounted at one gable end of the greenhouse or from incandescent (INC) lamps that were illuminated for the entire 4 h (CONT INC) or for 6 min every 30 min for 4 h. Plants under cyclic HPS were grown at lateral distances of 1, 4, 7, 10, or 13 m from under the lamp. Control plants were grown under an uninterrupted 15 h skotoperiod. As the distance from the cyclic HPS lamp increased from 1 to 13 m, the maximum irradiance measured during the NI decreased from 25.4 to 0.3 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and time to visible inflorescence (VI) and the number of nodes at VI decreased. All species had a VI within 54 d, but ≤10% of plants flowered when grown at a lateral distance of 1 or 4 m from the cyclic HPS lamp or under CONT INC. Plants grown without NI had a VI 2 to 15 d earlier and flowered 7 to 24 d earlier than plants grown at 10 or 13 m from the cyclic HPS. All garden chrysanthemums flowered under cyclic INC, whereas velvet sage and pot chrysanthemum had 15% and 35% flowering, respectively. These results indicate that a cyclic HPS lamp can be used effectively to delay flower induction and prevent flowering in these species when NI is delivered at ≥2.4 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹.     

丹参开花与繁育特性研究

 通过田间观察和人工授粉等方法, 对丹参( Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. ) 的开花生物学和繁育特性进行了初步研究。结果表明: 丹参为无限开花植物, 总状花序上通常有两性花近50朵, 单花花期5～7d, 从花前2 d到开花6 h花粉活力和柱头可授性都较大, 两者有效可遇期约为1.5 d, 可同花自交; 丹参自交结实和自然结实主要是通过同株异花传粉获得; 结合花粉/胚珠比、杂交指数以及繁育处理的结果认为,丹参不存在无融合生殖, 繁育类型为兼性异交, 自交亲和, 需要传粉者; 传粉媒介主要是蜂类。初步推断丹参为常异花授粉植物, 并对丹参育种中适宜采用的杂交方法及育种途径进行了探讨。     

不同遮荫度对鼠尾草生长的影响

研究了不同遮荫水平(0%、50%、70%、90%)对鼠尾草生长的影响.结果表明:遮荫程度的加重,鼠尾草现蕾、开花的日期延后,开花持续的时间缩短.在开花期,随着遮荫度的增加,植株高度、花序长度、花梗长度降低,叶片长度、叶片宽增加,而整个植株、植株的地上部分及根系的鲜重和干重减少.遮荫处理的叶片数与对照处理的没有显著差异.可见,光照充足有利于鼠尾草的生长和花期的延长.     

丹参3个R2R3-MYB转录因子的亚细胞定位和自激活活性分析

R2R3-MYB转录因子能够有效调控丹参酚酸类物质的积累。将丹参的SmMYB33、SmMYB54和SmMYB93与拟南芥的R2R3-MYB进行比对,找到拟南芥中与丹参3个转录因子亲缘关系最近的功能已知的转录因子,根据这些功能已知的转录因子,对丹参3个转录因子的功能进行预测。构建含有绿色荧光报告基因的载体pA7-GFP-SmMYB33、pA7-GFP-SmMYB54和pA7-GFP-SmMYB93,使用基因枪方法将载体分别转化洋葱表皮细胞进行亚细胞定位分析,结果表明3个转录因子主要定位在细胞核,绿色荧光也有少部分出现在细胞质中。构建酵母表达载体pDEST-GBKT7-SmMYB33、pDEST-GBKT7-SmMYB54和pDESTGBKT7-SmMYB93用于酵母自激活活性分析,结果表明SmMYB33有自激活活性,SmMYB54和SmMYB93没有自激活活性。     

橙色一串红新品种‘橙香公主’

 一串红‘橙香公主’是从河北省三河市农家橙色一串红实生群体中选育出的橙色新品种。株高75 ~ 85 cm，花萼及花冠橙色，花序长25 ~ 29 cm，花轮数17 ~ 19 个，花轮间距1.4 ~ 1.6 cm，每轮花6 朵，单个花序花朵最多可达114 朵，整株总花序35 枝以上。该品种较原品种花盖度高，观赏性好，抗热能力、抗疫病和花叶病能力强，适宜在北京地区种植。     

不同遮光度对蒙山丹参生长的影响

在蒙丹一号丹参的主要生育期,通过不同光照强度的影响,测定丹参干物质积累的动态变化,研究光强与生物产量的相关性。结果表明,适度遮荫有利于丹参植株的营养生长与干物质的积累。     

丹参提取物、蒲公英提取物及其复方对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在探究丹参提取物、蒲公英提取物及其复方对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化机能的影响。选取192只1日龄雄性科宝-500肉鸡，随机分成4组，每组6个重复，每个重复8只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.1%的丹参提取物（丹参提取物组）、0.1%的蒲公英提取物（蒲公英提取物组）、0.05%的丹参提取物+0.05%的蒲公英提取物（复方组）。试验期42 d。结果显示：1）与对照组相比，22～42日龄，复方组肉鸡的平均日增重显著提高（P<0.05），蒲公英提取物组和复方组肉鸡料重比显著降低（P<0.05）;1～42日龄，试验组肉鸡的平均日增重均显著提高（P<0.05），料重比均显著降低（P<0.05）。2）与对照组相比，42日龄时，丹参提取物组和复方组肉鸡胸腺指数显著提高（P<0.05），且复方组肉鸡脾脏指数显著提高（P<0.05）。各试验组之间相比，复方组肉鸡42日龄脾脏指数显著高于蒲公英提取物组（P<0.05）；与对照组相比，试验组肉鸡21日龄血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量和42...     

丹参的高产栽培及加工技术

主要介绍了丹参的高产栽培方法及其采后炮制工艺对有效药用成分丹参酮IIA的影响。     

Chemical conversions of salvianolic acid B by decoction in aqueous solution

Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is the most abundant phenolic compound in Salvia miltiorrhiza, which has been widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in Oriental medicine. To elucidate structure of the converted compounds of Sal B by decoction in aqueous solution, Sal B (200mg) was decocted in an aqueous solution (200mL) at pH 4.9 and the decocted solution was purified by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and preparative HPLC. The 13 converted compounds were isolated and the chemical structures were determined by NMR and MS. In addition to the 4 compounds previously reported as conversion products of Sal B by decoction, 9 compounds were first reported with the complete structure of compounds isolated from decocted Sal B solution and three of the compounds were determined to be novel compounds. In addition, a conversion mechanism of compounds converted by decoction was proposed on the basis of kinetics studies, which reasonably supported the conversion mechanism of Sal B. The 13 compounds seemed to be produced by the hydrolysis of an ester bond, decarboxylation, retro oxa-Michael reaction, hydration, and radical reaction during decoction in aqueous solution.     

吲哚丁酸对一串红种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

不同浓度吲哚丁酸(IBA)对一串红种子萌发及幼苗生长影响的研究结果表明:10-6 mg/L的IBA可以增加一串红种子的发芽率、侧根数、叶绿素含量和根系活力。