钙对苜蓿幼苗抗寒性及相关生理指标影响的研究

先用50mmol/L CaCl2浸泡图牧吉苜蓿，公农一号苜蓿种子，蒸馏水处理作对照，之后将其幼苗放在低温下胁迫。结果表明：Ca^2 不但能提高图牧吉苜蓉幼苗的抗寒性，而且，也能提高公农一号苜蓿幼苗的抗寒性，同时，图牧吉苜蓿，公农一号苜蓿的超氧化物歧化酶，过氧化物酶，过氧化氢酶等酶活性及脯氨酸与抗坏血酸含量也得到提高。由此推测，Ca^2 提高图牧吉苜蓿，公农一号苜蓿幼苗的抗寒性可能与Ca^2 提高其超氧化物歧化酶，过氧化物酶，过氧化氢酶等酶活性及脯氨酸与抗坏血酸含量有关。     

6-BA诱导的过氧化氢酶及其在提高水稻抗寒力中的作用研究

6-BA可以显著提高水稻抗寒性。为了进一步明确6-BA诱导水稻抗寒机制,对6-BA及低温 诱导水稻的过氧化氢酶进行了研究。研究表明,过氧化氢酶可受6-BA诱导,并且在提高水稻抗寒力 中可能起重要作用。     

太湖麇鹿一雌哺乳三仔的行为剖析

苏州西山太湖麋鹿园的麋鹿一雌同时哺乳三仔的行为，仔鹿共表现出四种吮乳模式：即一仔鹿在哺乳雌鹿后侧吮乳，二仔鹿在哺乳雌鹿腹部左侧吮乳；一仔鹿在哺乳雌鹿后侧吮乳，二仔鹿在哺乳雌鹿腹部右侧吮乳；一仔鹿在哺乳雌鹿后侧吮乳，二仔鹿在哺乳雌鹿腹部左右侧各一头吮乳；三仔鹿分别立于哺乳雌鹿的后侧、左侧和胸腹下方吮乳。太湖麋鹿一雌哺乳三仔的特殊行为的表现，既取决于鹿群的生活空间和鹿群的密度，又与哺乳雌鹿摄入的饲料质量相关联，同时也与仔鹿一时饥饿而又无法寻找到自己的母亲哺乳有关。     

浙江淳安新安江开发公司封山育林效益研究

浙江省淳安县新安江开发公司所属16个国营林场22475.53hm~3荒山迹地,封山育林30年,现有天然次生林总蓄积量135万m~3,年总生长率8.07％,活立木直接经济价值2.25亿元。到1987年止公司已获中间利用净收入2135万元。近20年累计天然次生林比无林地多涵蓄水10亿m~3,每年进入水库的泥沙量减少80％,对调节水库水源、延长发电年限、纯洁水质都起到良好作用。公司长期实施的5项管护技术,把封山育林提高到科学经营水平,在千岛湖区成功地建立了森林生态屏障。     

鄂蕹菜一号的选育

鄂蕹菜一号是从地方蕹菜品种中经单株混合选择法选育的优良品种，耐寒，丰产，优质，特别适合早春大棚种植，保护地每667m^2产量3000kg左右，露地每667m^2产量4500kg左右。     

北京春季沙尘天气特征和预报

根据北京地区资料分析了沙尘的年代变化、月变化,春季是沙尘天气的高发期并以浮尘和扬沙为主。造成沙尘天气的冷空气主要有三条路径,它与蒙古气旋、冷锋、高空急流等大尺度天气系统紧密相连。     

Improved milk production through PG–PL system by provision of in‐house shelter management in lactating Murrah buffaloes during winter season

Comprehensive information on the role of β‐casein and plasminogen–plasmin (PG–PL) system in milk secretion of Murrah buffaloes during winter season is lacking, although effects of cold stress can be ameliorated to an extent by altering microclimate at farm level. Hence, this study was aimed to determine the changes in productivity along with PG–PL system of milk, plasma hormones and metabolites of buffaloes during winter (December–January) season under two different management systems. Average minimum temperature and wind chill index during this season were 7.02 and 12.74 °C respectively. Buffaloes were divided in two groups of six animals each: control and treatment, where treatment group animals were placed in‐house with floor bedding of paddy straw and the control group animals in loose housing system without straw bedding. Physiological responses were recorded, and milk and blood samples were collected at weekly intervals for six‐week experimental period. Under in‐house management system, buffaloes experienced better comfort by alleviating environmental stress as their physiological responses such as respiration rate and pulse rate were significantly reduced (p < 0.01) as compared to the control, which subsequently resulted higher milk yield by 9.92% (p < 0.05). Analysis of milk samples revealed higher concentration of plasminogen (10.6 vs. 8.05 μg/ml; p < 0.01) and β‐casein (p < 0.05), and lower plasmin level (0.299 vs. 0.321 μg/ml; p < 0.05) in buffaloes under treatment group. It was also found that plasma cortisol, glucose and non‐esterified fatty acids levels were higher (p < 0.01) in control group as compared to the treatment animals by 13.6%, 8.14% and 12.6% respectively. However, milk composition, growth hormone, epinephrine and norepinephrine level in plasma were similar in both the groups. Hence, it may be concluded that provision of in‐house shelter management with floor bedding of paddy straw during winter was effective to minimize environmental stress and improved milk production through manipulation of PG–PL system in buffaloes.     

青海湖高寒沙区引进辽西樟子松治沙研究

通过引进东北辽西科尔沁沙地樟子松在青海湖斜麻沙区进行栽植试验,结果表明,引进的樟子松当年主顶芽平均生长高度达10.13 cm,侧顶芽生长高度平均达5.14 cm,平均顶芽生长达7.64 cm,苗木整体生长良好,当年成活率达到93%;经过长达6个多月寒冬,越冬成活率达80%,返青良好。     

Evaluation of Cold Tolerance in NERICAs Compared with Japanese Standard Rice Varieties at the Reproductive Stage

New Rice for Africa (NERICA) is a general name for interspecific rice varieties derived from a cross between the high‐yielding Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) between locally adapted African rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.). Eight NERICAs were evaluated for cold tolerance (CT) at the reproductive stage and compared with their O. sativa parents and three Japanese standard rice varieties over 3 years. Cold tolerance was evaluated based on the filled grain ratio (FGR) after cold water irrigation. The FGR was greatly reduced by cold water irrigation. NERICA 1, 2 and 7 had higher FGR (51.9–57.9 %), while NERICA 6, 15 and 16 had lower FGR (6.2–14.5 %). NERICA 1, 2 and 7 were less affected by cold stress, with a 31 % mean reduction in FGR, while NERICA 6, 15 and 16 were greatly affected, with their FGRs being reduced by more than 80 %. NERICA 3 and 4 were moderately affected by cold stress, with about 45 % reduction rate in FGR. FGR significantly influenced the grain weights of the varieties with strong positive correlations (r = 0.83–0.91; P < 0.001), and thus, similar trends in grain weights were observed. Grain weights were reduced by 61.7–96.4 % under cold stress. NERICA 1, 2 and 7 showed significantly better performance than NERICA 3 and 4, while NERICA 6, 15 and 16 performed poorly under cold water irrigation. The Japanese varieties Koshihikari (very tolerant) and Ozora (moderately tolerant) were more affected by cold water irrigation than NERICA 1, 2 and 7. On the basis of the mean reduction rate (%) in FGR under cold stress, the varieties were classified as follows: NERICA 1, 2 and 7 as tolerant; NERICA 3 and 4 as moderately tolerant; and NERICA 6, 15 and 16 as susceptible to cold stress. However, NERICA 7 grain yields were lower under cold stress due to both greatly reduced number of panicles per plant and number of spikelets per panicle. Therefore, NERICA 1 and 2 are suitable candidates for production in the highland regions of East Africa and should be promoted for production.     

Glycine max and Glycine soja are capable of cold acclimation

Soybean has been considered a cold intolerant species; based largely upon seed germination and soil emergent evaluations. This study reports a distinct acquisition of cold tolerance, in seedlings, following short acclimation periods. Diversity in cold responses was assessed in eight cultivars of Glycine max and six accessions of G. soja. All varieties of soybean significantly increased in freezing tolerance following acclimation. This study indicates soybean seedlings are indeed capable of sensing cold and acquiring cold tolerance. Germination rates after cold imbibition were negatively correlated with maturity group, but positively correlated with cold acclimation potential in G. soja. Seed fatty acid composition was varied between the species, with Glycine soja accessions containing about 2‐times more linolenic acid (18:3) than G. max. Furthermore, high levels of linoleic acid (18:2) in seeds were positively correlated with germination rates following cold imbibition in G. soja only. We suggest that domestication has not impacted the overall ability of soybean to cold acclimate at the seedling stage and that there is little variation within the domesticated species for ability to cold acclimate. Thus, this brief comparative study reduces the enthusiasm for the “wild” species as an additional source of genetic diversity for cold tolerance.