我国古代农业推广及其对现代的启示

我国古代农业推广是我国农业生产中重要的组成部分,农业推广内容和形式多样,成果显著,对社会影响深远。现代农业推广工作仍然是专业的农业生产活动之一,是现代农业生产不可或缺的一部分,现代农业推广需要有专业技术支撑和市场经济体制的支持。     

Role of social networks in urban forest management collaboration: A case study in northern Japan

Public participation is crucial for sustainable forest management. In particular, in urban forest areas, it is an important tool for overcoming conflicts among diverse needs regarding the forests through collaboration between citizens and governments. Such collaboration requires social learning. Social learning is dependent upon the presence of social networks that serve as an infrastructure for social capital. This study analyses the role of the social network in a participatory forest management approach of the Nopporo Forest Regeneration Project (NFRP) in the urban Nopporo National Forest in Hokkaido, northern Japan, aimed at restoring a typhoon damaged forest.Within the framework of the participatory approach the project hascreated a network of several citizen organizations for exchanging information. Outside this formal NFRP network several additional citizenorganizations are concerned about the Nopporo Forest management. The article describes the overall social network that has evolved around the Nopporo Forest and compares the attitudes and evaluations of the NFRP network organizations and the not formally NFRP related organizations towards their collaboration with government agencies and other citizen organizations. The overall social network around the Nopporo Forest had a multi-nodal character with the National Forest Agency and Hokkaido Prefectural Government acting as main central nodes. Only a few citizen organizations had direct relations to both central nodes; many organizations had links to either the National Forest Agency or the Prefectural Government. The organizations involved in the formal NFRP network had close ties with the National Forest Agency. This contributed to a positive evaluation of present forest management approach and the collaborative activities of the government agencies. In contrast, the organizations that were not involved in the formal NFRP network were found to have fewer ties with the National Forest Agency. The lack of opportunity to form a direct social learning relation hindered the formation of social capital and resulted in a lower evaluation of the participatory management approach as well as of the collaborative activities. Thus, although the participatory forest management approach of establishing formal social networks enhanced collaboration between the National Forest Agency and several citizen organizations and social learning, it was less successful in encouraging a democratic process involving all interested citizen organizations.     

农业引进技术消化吸收模型及其演化仿真

对于农业技术的引进,必须综合考虑技术应用地区的经济发展状况、市场规模以及其他影响技术消化吸收的要素.农户人力资本均等程度较高但均值较低的地区应引进应用难度系数较低的中间技术或者原始技术；人力资本均值较高且方差较大的地区则应引进应用难度系数较大的尖端技术或者先进技术.农业引进技术消化吸收的进程取决于农业技术扩散,而农业技术扩散同时受两种效应影响,即学习效应和研发推动效应.在学习效应推动下,对于农户人力资本方差较大的经济,在技术扩散早期扩散速度较快,而在技术扩散后期则扩散速度较慢.另一方面,在研发推动下,对于人力资本方差较小的经济,技术扩散较快.     

资产减值准备的意义

本文论述了资产减值的意义,并且对会计信息的影响进行了阐述.     

国内古民居研究综述

从古民居的建筑结构与空间布局、装饰、美学价值、地域特征和历史属性研究等诸多方面综述了20世纪80年代以来国内古民居的研究成果，同时对今后的研究方向进行了探讨。     

论古籍损坏的环境因素及其防治

阐述了古籍特藏库房环境因素对古籍保存的影响,及有害生物发生的条件,探讨抑制或阻止有害生物危害古籍最有效的措施。并就如何应用现代技术发展保护传统技术,更好的传承古籍保护工作提出个人看法。     

我国古农书目录演变之轨迹

古农书文献十分丰富，但“农家条目，至为芜杂”。为此，结合古农书文献演变之轨迹，探讨了由芜杂到分散，再到完善科学分类体系，指出古农书文献不仅是研究我国文明史所必须利用的资料，同时也是促进今天的农业经济、农业文化发展所必须借鉴的宝贵文字载体。     

天津蓟州独乐寺古建筑群昆虫多样性及关键害虫防治

对天津蓟州区独乐寺古建筑群昆虫多样性进行系统调查，并对危害建筑、设施、重要文物和古树的害虫进行了综合防治研究。结果表明，寺内发生的昆虫共计12目37科66种，其中有害昆虫5目10科17种。危害古建筑木质构件和泥塑雕像等文物的主要是花斑皮蠹(Trogoderma variabile)，危害古建筑室外木构件的主要为黑颚条蜂(Anthophora melanognatha)和黄胸木蜂(Xylocopa appendiculata)，黑颚条蜂及十二斑毛斑蜂(Melecta duodecimmaculata)也在壁画和泥塑上筑巢危害；危害古树的主要为白蜡脊虎天牛(Xylotrechus rufilius)等害虫。另外，山斑大头泥蜂(Philanthus triangulum)在山门等处掘土筑巢，造成的危害比较严重。在相关害虫发生期、危害部位和习性调查基础上，综合采用色板、黑光灯、糖醋液诱杀和药物喷洒、注杆、滴孔、药棉填塞、熏蒸等方法，对各类害虫进行了防治，取得良好效果。     

基本建设单位对工程建设项目的管理程序

工程建设项目的管理程序是基本建设单位进行项目管理的关键.本文从项目的前期准备、工程项目建设、工程项目验收三个阶段论述了基本建设单位对工程建设项目的管理程序.     

城镇化进程中“农民培训”的思考

在城镇化的进程中,通过对农民的培训可以为城镇的发展提供人力资本、技术支持和制度保证。同时随着城镇化进程的不断推进,也对农民培训的内容、方式方法等提出了新的要求。