天然林保护工程封山育林国家投资标准探讨

以重庆市涪陵区2012年天保工程封山育林规划设计概算为依据，将涪陵区现行天保工程封山育林按国家标准的投资进行细分，在此基础上结合实际情况进行重新调整，提出了天保工程封山育林新标准，为确定天保工程封山育林标准提供参考。     

梯室淡毛三节叶蜂生物学特性初步研究

梯室淡毛三节叶蜂Arge reversinervis Wei是危害刺榆Hemiptelea davidii的新害虫。对梯室淡毛三节叶蜂的卵、幼虫和蛹的形态特征进行描述,并首次对其生物学特性进行了研究。梯室淡毛三节叶蜂在海城1 a发生1代,以预蛹在土壤中越冬,翌年4月上旬化蛹,4月下旬成虫开始羽化,5月中旬卵开始孵化,6月上旬幼虫下树做茧越夏越冬。梯室淡毛三节叶蜂的天敌主要有显背臀姬蜂Notopygus insignis Kriechbaumer、褪色前眼茧蜂Proterops decoloratus Shestakov、叶蜂啮小蜂Tet-rastichus sp.及白僵菌Beauveria bassiana(Bals.)。     

Effect of Cropping on Changes in Phosphorus Fractions of Soils from Arable and Other Forest Land Use: A Greenhouse Bioassay

Abstract

Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted on six soils from natural reserves, seven plantation soils, and two arable soils from the Omo biosphere reserves in southwestern Nigeria to assess the phosphorus (P) fractions and the extent to which the soils could support five consecutive cycles of maize (Zea mays L.) harvest. The organic‐P fractions constitutes about 50% of the total P, and the inorganic‐P fractions in the order of abundance was iron (Fe) P>occluded P>aluminum (Al)‐P>calcium (Ca) P. The residual P constituted about 20% of the total P. There were significant reductions in the inorganic‐P fractions after five consecutive maize harvests; this was however, more pronounced in the available P (Bray 1). About 62% reduction in Bray 1 P was recorded after maize harvests. The reductions in the P forms after five cycles of maize harvest was Bray 1 P>Ca P>residual P>Al P>total P>Fe P>organic P>occluded P>reductant P. The capacity of the soils to support maize growth without fertilization varied widely in each of the maize cycle. Soil from natural reserves produced a significantly higher maize yield compared to most plantation soils. The arable soils investigated were depleted of their fertility after the third crop harvest.     

蓝靛果忍冬色素提取工艺的研究

以蓝靛果忍冬果实为原料,进行了天然色素提取工艺研究。结果表明:蓝靛果忍冬色素最佳的提取工艺条件为:提取剂采用无水乙醇效果较好,用量为35mL;提取pH 3、最适合的提取温度为80℃、60min为最佳的提取时间。     

古尔班通古特沙漠南缘蜱携带无形体的调查

为了解古尔班通古特沙漠南缘蜱携带无形体的状况,在该地域3个不同生境区域11个地点采集家畜寄生蜱标本,进行分类鉴定;运用套式PCR筛选无形体阳性蜱样本,并用半套式PCR扩增无形体科16SrRNA基因5′端高变区,进行克隆测序;将所获得的DNA序列与GenBank收录的序列作比对,并用Mega 5.0软件构建系统发育树,鉴定蜱携带无形体的种类。结果共采集708只蜱,鉴定为4个属8个种。在分类后的236份蜱样本中,检测出无形体阳性25份,阳性率为10.59%。序列比较发现,在亚洲璃眼蜱、血红扇头蜱、残缘璃眼蜱、长角血蜱中分别存在查菲埃立克体（Ehrlichia chaffeensis）、犬埃立克体（Ehrlichia canis）、边缘无形体（Anaplasma marginale）和绵羊无形体（Anaplasma ovis）的16SrRNA基因片段。研究结果证实在古尔班通古特沙漠南缘家畜寄生蜱中携带无形体,提示该地域可能是无形体病的自然疫源地。     

Investigations on the radioactive contamination of crop plants as a result of H-bomb detonation (Part 2) Root and foliage uptake of “Bikini ash”

The Foliar Uptake by Squash Plant

The radioactive ash for experimental use, hereafter referred to as “Bikini ash”, was prepared by igniting the heavily contaminated substances on board No. 5 Fukuryu Maru at about 650°C, followed by sifting through a 100 mesh sieve. On ignition some parts of the fission products, particularly iodine, ruthenium and tellurium would have possibly been lost to the air.     

彩色茧（金黄色）新品种金秋×初日永康试养初报

家蚕新品种金秋×初日除具有天然金黄色蚕茧性状外，其它各项经济性状与对照种秋丰×白玉相仿。但在气候比较恶劣的环境下，金秋×初日明显的表现出强健性高，发病率低，是一对能适合适度规模化省力化饲养，特别是在饲养条件比较差的环境下取得稳产的优良品种。     

Evaluation of unconstrained and constrained mathematical functions to model girth growth of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) using young age measurements

No attempt has been made to date to model growth in girth of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliansis). We evaluated the few widely used growth functions to identify the most parsimonious and biologically reasonable model for describing the girth growth of young rubber trees based on an incomplete set of young age measurements. Monthly data for girth of immature trees (age 2 to 12 years) from two locations were subjected to modelling. Reparameterized, unconstrained and constrained growth functions of Richards (RM), Gompertz (GM) and the monomolecular model (MM) were fitted to data. Duration of growth was the constraint introduced. In the first stage, we attempted a population average (PA) model to capture the trend in growth. The best PA model wasfitted as a subject specific (SS) model. We used appropriate error variance-covariance structure to account for correlation due to repeated measurements over time. Unconstrained functions underestimated the asymptotic maximum that did not reflect the carrying capacity of the locations. Underestimations were attributed to the partial set of measurements made during the early growth phase of the trees. MM proved superior to RM and GM. In the random coefficient models, both Gf and G0 appeared to be influenced by tree level effects. Inclusion of diagonal definite positive matrix removed the correlation between random effects.The results were similar at both locations. In the overall assessment MM appeared as the candidate model for studying the girth-age relationships in Hevea trees. Based on the fitted model we conclude that, in Hevea trees, growth rate is maintained at maximum value at t0, then decreases until the final state at dG/dt ≥ 0, resulting in yield curve with no period of accelerating growth. One physiological explanation is that photosynthetic activity in Hevea trees decreases as girth increases and constructive metabolism is larger than destructive metabolism.     

大兴安岭湖通河野生五味子药用资源保护区自然生态质量评价分析

从植被类型多样性、物种多样性、生态系统的稳定性和脆弱性、面积适宜性几个方面对大兴安岭湖通河五味子药用资源保护区的自然生态质量进行了评价和分析。     

老子自然哲学观中的生态伦理意蕴

老子的自然哲学观中具有丰富的生态伦理意蕴，主要表现为老子自然哲学观中“道法自然”的生态智慧观，“天人合一”的生态和谐观和“万物自化”的生态社会观。研究它们对于保护生态环境和认识人与自然和谐的意义，对于全面落实科学发展观，都有重要的时代价值。