汕头市中小水库库区水源林调查研究初报

以汕头市的中小水库库区水源涵养林林分为研究对象 ,通过调查几个比较有代表性的水库库区的植物情况、土壤主要理化状况 ,从而探讨不同森林群落植物多样性与涵养水源功能的关系 ,为进一步确定不同立地、不同类型林分的改造树种和造林模式提供科学依据     

Effect of forest vegetation on runoff and sediment production in sloping lands of Loess area

According to fixed-position data for 1985–2003 from nine runoff plots of Caijiachuan watershed which lies in Jixian County of Shanxi Province in Loess area, this paper studied the relationship between vegetation and runoff and sediment production in sloping lands in detail, which helps to provide scientific basis for vegetation re-construction and studies on environmental transformation of water and sediment in watersheds of Loess area. Although, many study results testify that forest vegetation has an important function in soil and water conservation and cutting runoff, the effect of vegetation on runoff and sediment transmission is complicated, and this needs to be studied in depth. The results of the paper showed the following. Firstly, the natural secondary forest performs better function of soil and water conservation than artificial Robinia pseudoacacia forest, and runoff and sediment produced in the former in individual rainfall were 65%–82% and 23%–92% of those produced in the latter. At the same time, better correlative relationship between runoff and sediment production and rainfall and rainfall intensity were testified by multiple regression, but the correlation decreased gradually with the increase of canopy density of forest. Secondly, the difference of runoff and sediment production in several land use types was very distinct, and the amount of runoff and sediment produced from Ostryopsis davidiana forest and natural secondary forest were the least, and runoff and sediment produced from in artificial Robinia pseudoacacia forest and Pinus tabulaeformis forest were 5-fold as much as those from O. davidiana forest. Besides, runoff and sediment produced in mixed planting of apple trees and crops were 16.14-fold and 2.96-fold than those of O. davidiana forest, respectively, but the amount decreased obviously after high-standard soil preparation in the case of the former. Thirdly, based on gray cognate analyses of factors affecting runoff and sediment production in sloping land, the factors of stand canopy density and herb and litter biomass were the most significant ones, whose gray incidence degree exceeded 0.6. Therefore, mixed forest with multi-layer stand structure and shrub forest should be developed in vegetation re-construction of Loess area, which will help to increase coverage and litter thickness in order to cut down the runoff and sediment dramatically in sloping land. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(9): 1,613–1,617 [译自: 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(9): 1,613–1,617]     

女儿寨小流域植被恢复与重建过程中的小气候效应研究

以女儿寨小流域为研究对象，着重研究了植被恢复重建过程中小流域系统的小气候变化特征。随着小流域内的植被恢复与重建，小流域内最高气温约降低了1～4℃，尤其以夏、秋季更为突出，约降低了3～4℃；最低气温提高了1～2℃，夏季较其它季节更为显著一些；森林不能降低小流域的日平均气温，但能略微增加秋冬季的平均气温0．1～0．5℃；平均地面温度降低了0．9～1．3℃，秋冬季的地面平均温度略微增加0．1～0．5℃；年降水量增加了77～115mm；年蒸发量降低105～175mm。小流域小气候环境发生了较大的变化，小气候质量在不断的提高。     

福建泉州清源山植被类型及演替趋势分析

据调查,泉州清源山区内有常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林、针叶林、灌丛、草丛草坡、沼泽草甸及人工植被等7个植被类型。本文对代表性的17个群落特征进行论述,并探讨植被的演替趋势。     

洱海东岸面山石灰岩山地森林植被恢复与重建刍议

分析洱海东岸面山石灰岩山地的生境、植被条件和植被演替的一般规律，提出以封山育林为主，人工造林为辅的措施是本地森林植被恢复与重建的重要途径。     

"三岩"造林困难地植被恢复技术研究与示范

湖南造林困难地类总面积达 10 0万hm2 。通过对 5个县 658hm2 试验示范林历时 9年的研究 ,解决了植被恢复技术问题。选出适宜的树、划种有马桑、芦竹、苦槠、牡荆和栓皮栎 5种 ,有发展前景的树种有柏木、铅笔柏和藏柏。选出了林分结构稳定 ,组成种长势好 ,可以肯定的有马桑十墨西哥柏浅层钙质幼年性岩性土等 6个配置模式。并提出和推广了撩壕整地和芦竹下挖上堆 ,施肥促长等造林技术。同时 ,定义了“三岩”造林困难地 ,提出了“三岩”造林困难地的生态环境特点。从土种的水平研究了树种与立地的适应性。     

大亮子河国家森林公园典型植物群落物种组成与结构调查

采用典型取样的方法,对大亮子河国家森林公园内9个主要森林类型植被群落的物种多样性进行了调查。结果表明：9种典型森林植被类型的空间分布结构特征明显,从主要乔木树种的空间聚集分布上可以看出,不同物种对生境具有不同的要求,它们的分布与生境紧密关联,以典型森林群落类型的垂直分布结构规律性突出。     

新疆2000-2012年NDVI、降水和RUE的时空特征

本研究分析了新疆2000-2012年每年的6-9月归一化植被指数(NDVI)、降水量和植被降水利用率(RUE)空间分布特征和年际变化趋势。结果显示,1)月平均降水量和月平均NDVI空间分布均呈西北向东南递减的特征,13年间年降水量和年NDVI均呈现北疆递减、南疆递增的特征,但年降水量年际变化范围更明显;2)月平均降水量和月平均RUE空间分布对比不明显,年RUE与年降水量的年际变化呈相反趋势;3)不同土地类型中降水量和NDVI呈显著正相关(r0.3,P0.05),降水条件对植被空间分布影响明显,不同土地类型中降水和RUE呈显著负相关(r-0.22,P0.05),夏季过量降水对植被光合作用的抑制作用是其主要影响因素。     

围栏禁牧与放牧对草地生态系统固碳能力的影响

草地生态系统固碳能力对全球碳贮量的大小有重要影响。放牧作为草地最广泛的利用方式之一影响着草地的碳贮量,过度和不合理的放牧方式造成草地退化,引起草地碳的损失。围栏禁牧与放牧对草地生态系统固碳能力的影响主要包括对植被生产力和土壤碳贮量的影响,本文对有关的报道进行了综述。结果显示,由于受植被凋落物、群落结构和气候等多因素的影响,围栏禁牧对草地植被生产力有正面或负面的效应;放牧对植被生产力的影响也没有一致的结果,此外,放牧对植被生产力的影响还与放牧的强度有关。围栏禁牧与放牧可以通过多种途径对草地土壤碳贮量产生正面或负面的影响。总之,围栏禁牧与放牧对草地生态系统固碳能力的影响是复杂多样的,需要对草地碳贮量进行估算,并对相关的机制进行研究,这样才能在草地管理方面做出合理的决策。     

青藏铁路植被恢复和“黑土型”退化草地治理的实践与启示

由于高、寒和旱的独特特点,青藏高原生态系统具有特殊的环境敏感性和脆弱性。近年来,工程扰动、放牧等人类活动的加剧对青藏高原生态系统稳定性的影响日渐凸显,集中表现为植被退化、土壤贫瘠化和水土流失加剧等。目前,为了尽可能避免人类活动对生态系统造成的负面影响,遏制生态环境的进一步恶化,已采用了多种方式和手段进行环境保护和植被恢复。本研究以青藏铁路工程植被恢复和"黑土型"退化草地治理两个典型案例为例,总结了青藏高原进行植被恢复的经验,提出了青藏高原植被恢复的基本原则和注意事项,对今后青藏高原工程扰动和草地退化后进行植被恢复具有指导意义。