不同产地紫芝子实体中活性成分的测定分析

对来自浙江省、老挝和福建省的紫芝(Ganoderma sinense)(编号分别为GS-ZJ、GS-LW、GS-FJ)子实体中水溶性多糖、β-葡聚糖、海藻糖、糖醇、核苷和三萜等多种活性成分的含量进行测定。结果表明:GS-ZJ和GS-LW中水溶性多糖的含量差异不显著,分别为1.27%和1.20%,GS-FJ中水溶性多糖含量相对较低,为0.95%,三者β-葡聚糖含量差异不显著,均在16%左右;GS-FJ中含有的海藻糖和糖醇含量较高,其中甘露醇含量达到4037.7μg/g,远高于另外两种紫芝子实体;核苷类成分比较结果显示,GS-FJ含量最高,其次为GSZJ,GS-LW在种类和含量上均较少;但是GS-LW中三萜种类较丰富,其总三萜含量为538.8μg/g,远高于另外两种紫芝。     

PjFPS和Pjβ-AS双基因协同作用对珠子参皂苷生物合成的影响

法尼基焦磷酸合酶(PjFPS)和β-香树脂醇合酶(Pjβ-AS)是珠子参皂苷(Panax japonicus saponins,PJS)生物合成途径中可能的关键酶。通过在珠子参(P.japonicus)细胞中同时过表达PjFPS和Pjβ-AS基因,探讨PjFPS和Pjβ-AS对PJS生物合成的协同作用。结果表明,PjFPS和Pjβ-AS是PJS生物合成途径中的关键酶基因,对珠子参皂苷的生物合成具有调节作用。过表达PjFPS和Pjβ-AS的细胞系中,PJS合成途径相关的多个关键酶基因的表达水平有不同程度的提高,且PJS的含量最高为普通细胞系的2.4倍。虽然单独过表达PjFPS也可增加PJS的合成,但双基因(PjFPS和Pjβ-AS)协同调控PJS合成的效果更好。     

静磁场辅助液态发酵对樟芝菌丝体及三萜产量的影响

通过研究不同磁场强度和作用时间对樟芝菌丝产量以及菌丝三萜产量的影响,探讨了磁场促进樟芝液态发酵的基本规律。通过GC-MS、扫描电镜及红外光谱等手 段,对比分析普通液态发酵和磁场辅助液态发酵所得菌丝中生物活性成分、发酵液中挥发性成分、菌丝体微观形貌及三萜化合物成分的差别。结果显示,在磁 场强度60 mT,处理36 h条件下,磁场对樟芝菌丝的生长和三萜产量促进作用最强,菌丝产量增长率约23.53%,三萜产量增长率达到28.19%。GC-MS结果显示, 普通发酵液和磁场辅助发酵液的挥发性成分基本相同,但含量显著不同。扫描电镜观察结果显示,磁场辅助发酵获得的菌丝体表面形态比普通发酵菌丝更松散 。红外光谱表明两种方式产出的三萜化合物成分无明显差别。因此,静磁场辅助液态发酵能够在不降低质量的前提下显著提高樟芝菌丝及三萜的产量。     

褐蘑菇总三萜类化合物提取工艺的研究

以褐蘑菇为原料研究了提取温度、提取时间、有机溶剂种类及料液比对总三萜类化合物提取量的影响。单因素试验结果表明:提取温度、提取时间、有机溶剂种类及料液比均对总三萜提取量有影响。正交试验结果表明:有机溶剂种类是影响褐蘑菇总三萜提取量的主要因素;褐蘑菇总三萜的最佳提取温度为70℃,有机溶剂为乙醇,提取时间1.5 h,料液比1:20。该工艺操作简单,重复性好。     

不同季节遮荫对青钱柳生长和主要次生代谢物积累的影响

青钱柳是近年来开发利用的我国特有药食同源珍稀植物，其叶中含有的活性次生代谢物对人体健康具有促进作用。探索光照条件和收获季节等环境因子对主要次生代谢物积累的影响以及生长与次生代谢物积累间关系，有助于优化药用青钱柳人工林栽培条件。该文采用遮荫处理，研究不同遮荫水平下6—11月青钱柳叶中黄酮类和三萜类化合物积累、苗高和地径生长的变化，在此基础上分析青钱柳次生代谢与生长间的关系。结果表明:中度遮荫促进了青钱柳苗的高生长，但随遮荫程度加大，地径生长不断下降。黄酮类化合物、总三萜和青钱柳甙Ⅰ的积累受到遮荫处理的抑制，而青钱柳酸B和阿江榄仁酸的含量在遮荫条件下明显高于自然光下。在自然光下，黄酮类化合物的含量在8月和10月明显高于其他季节，呈“双峰型”变化模式。但遮荫处理推迟了黄酮类物质积累的高峰。遮荫处理并未影响三萜类化合物的季节变化模式，总三萜和三萜单体的含量在不同遮荫水平下均在9月达到最大，呈“单峰型”变化模式。相关性分析结果表明，总三萜和阿江榄仁酸的积累与青钱柳生长间存在显著负相关关系。由此可见，遮荫不仅显著降低了黄酮类化合物的积累，而且推迟了其积累高峰；而三萜的季节变异模式未受遮荫影响，但不同三萜单体对光照的响应存在差异。      

HPLC-ESI-IT-MS/MS Analysis and Biological Activity of Triterpene Glycosides from the Colombian Marine Sponge Ectyoplasia ferox

The marine sponge Ectyoplasia ferox produces antipredatory and allelopathic triterpenoid glycosides as part of its chemical defense repertoire against predators, competitors, and fouling organisms. These molecules are responsible for the pharmacological potential found in the glycosides present in this species. In order to observe the glycochemical diversity present in E. ferox, a liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometry approach to analyse a complex polar fraction of this marine sponge was performed. This gave valuable information for about twenty-five compounds three of which have been previously reported and another three which were found to be composed of known aglycones. Furthermore, a group of four urabosides, sharing two uncommon substitutions with carboxyl groups at C-4 on the terpenoid core, were identified by a characteristic fragmentation pattern. The oxidized aglycones present in this group of saponins can promote instability, making the purification process difficult. Cytotoxicity, cell cycle modulation, a cell cloning efficiency assay, as well as its hemolytic activity were evaluated. The cytotoxic activity was about IC₅₀ 40 µg/mL on Jurkat and CHO-k₁ cell lines without exhibiting hemolysis. Discussion on this bioactivity suggests the scanning of other biological models would be worthwhile.     

Leiyemudanosides A–C,three new bidesmosidic triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Caulophyllum robustum

Three new oleanane bidesmosidic triterpenoid saponins, named leiyemudanosides A–C (1–3) were isolated from the roots of Caulophyllum robustum Maxim. Their structures were established by chemical and detailed spectroscopic analysis as 3-O-α-l-arabinopyranosyl-caulophyllogenin-28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester (1), 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl-caulophyllogenin-28-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester (2), and 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl-echinocystic acid-28-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester (3), respectively.     

苦瓜苦味物质及其生物合成研究进展

苦瓜的苦味物质属于葫芦烷型三萜化合物,迄今已发现的主要有苦瓜皂苷元与苦瓜皂苷两类,并被证明对人类具有一定的药用价值。对苦瓜提取物及其苦味物质的化学结构、生物合成途径研究概况进行了综述,提出了苦瓜苦味物质生物合成的可能调控网络以及开展相关研究的方向。     

Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibiting constituents from Chisocheton polyandrus Merr

Lipoxygenase (LOX)-inhibiting compounds from the leaves of Chisocheton polyandrus Merr. were isolated in this study using a bioactivity-guided fractionation technique. Two dammarane triterpenoids, dammara-20,24-dien-3-one (1) (IC(50)=0.69±0.07 μM) and 24-hydroxydammara-20,25-dien-3-one (2) (IC(50)=1.11±0.38 μM), were isolated and identified based on the soybean LOX assay. Dammara-20,24-dien-3-one (1) exhibited dual inhibition of both human 5-LOX (IC(50)=24.27±2.92 μM) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (IC(50)=3.17±0.90 μM), whereas 24-hydroxydammara-20,25-dien-3-one (2) did not exhibit any significant inhibitory effects. This report is the first to detail the inhibition of LOX and COX by both C. polyandrus and its isolated compounds.