马尾松球果和种子的生长发育及养分动态*

１９９０～１９９３年连续４ａ，对马尾松球果和种子的生长发育与养分动态，进行了比较系统的分析研究。结果表明：（１）马尾松球果系２年成熟，授粉（４月上旬）后当年为幼球果形成期；第２年受精前的６月至以后的９月中旬为球果迅速生长期，９月下旬至１０月为球果成熟期。（２）在２年生球果生长期间，球果干物质不断增加，而水分含量逐渐减少，１０月底干物质与水分的含量达到平衡点。（３）球果养分的含量，ｌ年生球果幼期Ｎ＞Ｋ＞Ｐ，三者变化趋势近乎一致，２年生球果含Ｎ量明显下降。种子内的Ｎ、Ｋ含量在７月中两者相当，此后Ｎ含量上升直至成熟期，到１０中Ｋ与Ｐ的含量相近。（４）胚胎发育进程中，球果和种子的体积与养分含量在原胚和幼胚阶段（７月至９月中旬）的变化最大，以后渐趋平缓。     

高脂马尾松营养袋育苗技术

文章总结了培育高脂马尾松营养袋种子苗的播种、育苗及其管理技术方面的一些成功经验.     

广东省加勒比松栽培区划的研究

收集了全省31个气象站点的气象资料，选择了其中14个影响加勒比松生长的主导气候因子，采用R型主分量分析及聚类分析的方法，结合38块加勒比松标准地的生长资料，将广东省加勒比松栽培区划分为最适宜、、适宜、次适宜等三类栽培区。     

松毛虫发生世代与世代分化

本文论述松毛虫发生世代和世代分化的复杂性,包括落叶松毛虫、马尾松毛虫、赤松毛虫和油松毛虫等。发生世代因地区不同而异。在同一地区,由于松毛虫幼虫的滞育,常出现世代分化。世代分化比例在不同地区、不同年份、不同松林和不同树木之间都有差异。在同一地方,不同年份也有差异。滞育与幼虫孵化期、气候、生态条件和食料有关。本文还讨论了“油松毛虫发育起点温度和有效积温的研究”〔林业科学,1987,23(3)〕的有关问题。     

Soil properties under a Pinus radiata – ryegrass silvopastoral system in New Zealand. Part II. C and N of soil microbial biomass, and soil N dynamics

At present, our understanding of the dynamics of microbial biomass and soil N in silvopastoral systems is very limited. In this paper, the effects of understorey management on soil microbial C and N, net N mineralization, and net nitrification were studied in two seven-year-old radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) – pasture systems, consisting of plots with and without ryegrass (Lolium perenne) as an understorey. Mini-plots (1 × 1 m) with animals excluded and herbage repeatedly clipped and removed were used for soil sampling. Three mini-plots formed a transect at each of two positions: 0.9 and 3.5 m north of the tree rows. Measurements were taken from July 1997 to June 1998 about once every 40 days. One composite sample was collected from each of two sampling depths (0–10 and 10–20 cm) at each transect position on each sampling date. Temporal and spatial variability of N mineralization rates and microbial biomass C and N was large. Net mineralization and nitrification rates were higher in the bare ground than in the ryegrass plots for a major part of the year, particularly from late spring to early fall. Net N mineralization and nitrification rates were higher in the 0–10 than in the 10–20 cm soil layers in both the ryegrass and bare ground treatments; however, the depth effect on microbial biomass C and N was only significant in the ryegrass treatment. In the surface soil layer, microbial biomass C and N were substantially greater in the ryegrass than in the bare ground plots. Soil microbial properties and activities were closely linked to pasture root activities, soil depth, and site biophysical conditions. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

提高低密度杨桦林林分生产力的经营技术

对低密度的杨桦林经营过程中需要解决的主要技术问题进行了研究，包括上层林及林冠下栽植密度的确定，最小栽植空间的确认以及红松最适宜的透光时间和透光方法。     

Signals of summer drought in crown condition data from the German Level I network

Crown transparency estimates of Scots pine, Norway spruce, common beech, pedunculate and sessile oak, annually surveyed between 1990 and 2004 within a grid over Germany, provide a suitable response variable to study drought effects on forest trees. Major climatic factors, available on a monthly basis as plot-specifically interpolated values and parameters of site and stand conditions, biotic and other relevant factors were used as predictors in different cross- and length-sectional, and longitudinal models. Stand age is a considerable and most constant driver of crown transparency in all species. Pine, spruce and beech responded—mainly with a delay of 1 year—with some foliar loss in areas where there was a surplus of temperature after the generally hot and dry summer of 2003. Parallel time-series analyses delivered species-specific geographic large-scale patterns with delayed or recent precipitation deficits or temperature surpluses. Even if beech is partly responding in current years with leaf loss towards precipitation surpluses, defoliation is especially high 1 year after hot summers, partly a result of high seed sets after such summers. Crown condition of oak responds in dry and warm areas according to the drought stress hypothesis, however, in cool and wet mountainous ranges oak responds after wet summers with higher defoliation. Longitudinal approaches revealed for all 4-tree species significant relationships between crown condition and deviations from the long-term means of temperature, precipitation but also global radiation and wind speed. Results do not always match the drought stress hypothesis, however, this is not to expect considering the heterogeneous site, stand and climatic conditions across Germany. Complex interactions of climatic and biotic factors also impede simple relationships. Soil-related clusters reveal higher sensitivity of spruce and beech towards climatic drought factors on more acid soils with thin humus layers. Also clusters constructed from plot-specific courses of defoliation reveal groups with rather closer relationships like a group of pine plots in the Oberpfalz, which seems to be especially sensitive to summer drought.     

超声波辅助提取红松仁油

近年来,超声波辅助提取已成为天然产物分离中一种有效的方法.本文研究了利用超声波辅助提取技术从红松仁中提取红松仁油的工艺条件,系统分析了超声频率、提取温度、提取时间和料液比等参数对红松仁油提取率的影响.结果表明,最佳的提取条件为:超声频率为32 000 Hz,超声温度为80 ℃,超声时间为50 min,料液比为1:30.     

利用"指数选择"的方法选择马尾松二代优树研究

“开发马尾松子代优树选择技术”是中日合作林木育种科技中心项目正在实施的“开发多世代选择育种技术”的课题之一。该项目主要是在生长量、材质等性状方面选择出比上一代更好的优树 ,并将选择的优树进行杂交 ,建立育种群体林。为开发出非常有效的、比较先进的优树选择技术和分析方法提供借鉴。     

长白山典型阔叶红松林土壤二氧化碳排放通量

随着大气CO2浓度的升高,主要由其引起的温室效应与对生物新陈代谢的影响变得越来越显著。森林生态系统在全球碳循环中扮演着重要的角色。为了评估和理解森林土壤CO2通量及其随空气和土壤温度的季节和昼夜变化规律,我们在长白山北坡典型阔叶红松林内利用静态箱技术进行了原位观测。实验在整个生长季(6月初至9月末)昼夜进行,利用气相色谱进行气体分析。结果表明: 长白山阔叶红松林土壤是大气二氧化碳源,其CO2通量具有明显的季节和昼夜变化规律。通量的变化范围是(0.30-2.42)μmol穖-2穝-1,平均值为0.98μmol穖-2穝-1。土壤CO2排放的季节规律表明,土壤CO2通量的变化与气温和土壤温度的变化有关。CO2平均通量的最大值出现在7月((1.27±23%)μmol穖-2穝-1),最小值出现在9月((0.5±28%)μmol穖-2穝-1)。土壤CO2的昼夜波动与土壤温度变化有关,而在时间上滞后于温度的变化。森林下垫面土壤CO2通量与土壤温度显著相关,与6cm深度土层温度相关系数最大。基于气温和土壤温度计算的Q10值范围为2.09-3.40。图2表3参37。