Analysis of shift schedule for the automatic transmission vehicle based on fuzzy neural network

The advantages and disadvantages of present methods for shift schedule analysis of automatic transmission vehicle are analyzed. An optimum shift schedule method based on fuzzy neural network is proposed. The structure and algorithm with Takagi-Sugeno mode is studied. Fuzzy logic rules with two parameters and membership functions for shift schedule are established according to the skilled driver’s experience and expert’s knowledge. The membership functions and fuzzy logic rules are modified through train mechanism of artificial neural network based on experiment sample. The fuzzy neural network is trained and simulated. The simulation results indicate that this shift schedule method based on fuzzy neural network of Takagi-Sugeno model is feasible and correct.     

农村土地流转中政府职能的优化

针对当前农村土地使用权市场初步形成,但发育缓慢、不正式的农村土地流转较多、农村土地流转市场的区域差异显著现状.提出政府应积极采取加强农村剩余劳动力转移相关制度建设、建立稳定的农村杜会保障体系、增加农村人力资本投资,提高农村劳动力素质、创造良好的土地流转运作环境等对策.     

应用“林分结构复原法”评价经营措施及更新效果研究

介绍了林分调查的一种方法：“林分结构复原法”,即根据林分的现时直径分布和直径生长量,应用林分表法进行径阶转移的原理,推算n年前的直径分布,并根据直径与其他林分因子的关系,再现林分在前n年时的林分结构,从而为评价采伐的合理性以及鉴定超采、盗伐提供可靠数据。     

双离合器变速器简介

汽车变速箱发展经历了100多年,从最初采用侧链传动到手动变速箱,及至液力自动变速箱和电控机械式自动变速箱,再到现在无级自动变速箱的普遍使用,在汽车工业技术不断前进的同时,变速箱也向着更平顺、更省油、更富驾驶乐趣的方向不断发展。直至双离合自动变速箱的出现,将汽车带进了一个更加环保低碳的境界。本文通过对大众迈腾双离合器自动变速器的介绍,让人们更加充分地认识双离合器自动变速器的优越性。     

混合动力汽车电子换挡手柄控制信号可靠性设计

基于混合动力汽车电子换挡手柄的结构和信号控制逻辑,通过信号故障处理和策略冗余算法,设计了电子换挡手柄信号的可靠性控制方法,通过建立Simulink控制模型,并采用快速控制原型的方式对换挡手柄信号控制进行仿真测试,验证控制的可靠性。测试结果表明该控制方法满足了混合动力汽车的换挡需求,并保证了换挡手柄信号控制的可靠性及车辆行驶安全。     

Climate‐induced response of commercially important flatfish species during the 20th century

The consequence of elevated ocean temperatures on commercial fish stocks is addressed using time series of commercial landings (1906–2004) and juvenile survey catch data (1904–2006) collected around Denmark. We analyze (i) whether warm‐water sole (Solea solea) has increased relative to Boreal plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and (ii) whether two related warm‐water species (turbot, Psetta maxima and brill, Scophthalmus rhombus) show similar responses to increasing temperature or, alternatively, whether turbot (which has a broader juvenile diet) has been favored. Since the early 1980s, both sole and turbot have constituted an increasing part of the commercial landings and survey catches, as compared with plaice and brill, respectively. These changes in species composition were linked to sea surface temperatures, Northern Hemisphere temperature anomalies (NHA) and the North Atlantic Oscillation. NHA was closely related and explained 43% of the observed variation in sole survey catches relative to the plaice catches and almost 38% of the observed variation in the sole landings relative to the plaice landings. For the less common species, turbot and brill, none of the global change indicators explained more than 15% of the variation, although all showed a positive relationship. Survey catch per unit effort increased significantly for both sole and turbot around the early 1980s, whereas catch per unit effort for plaice and brill remained constant. The results indicate that the abundance of warm‐water species is likely to increase with increasing temperature but also that species with similar life histories might react differently according to degree of specialization.     

圆锥小麦ramosa2的克隆及其重组蛋白的DNA结合特性分析

 【目的】从四倍体圆锥小麦中克隆ramosa2(TtRa2),分析其序列特征、组织表达特异性和体外活性,为阐明ramosa2与麦类作物穗形态建成关系奠定基础。【方法】利用半定量RT-PCR分析ramosa2在不同组织中的表达水平,将其重组到pET-21a-MBP载体并在T7 Express菌株中诱导表达。利用Amylose亲和层析柱纯化重组蛋白,通过凝胶阻滞试验对其DNA特异结合能力进行鉴定。【结果】TtRA2含有LOB和RA2结构域,属于Ⅰ类LBD蛋白家族成员。TtRa2在幼穗中高丰度表达,而在根、茎、叶、种子中未检测到表达。融合的TtRA2主要以可溶性形式存在,其表达量占总蛋白的68.6%。重组TtRA2可与包含核心序列“GCGGCG”的DNA探针特异性结合,两者形成的复合体的解离常数约为10 nmol?L-1。【结论】TtRa2参与圆锥小麦穗形态建成,其编码产物具备RA2-like转录因子的典型特征,具有类似拟南芥LOB的DNA结合特性。     

Lossless data hiding with ranks transform

For taking full advantage of carrier image's pixel correlation, a lossless data hiding algorithm with ranks transform (LDHA_RT) is proposed. Along with three directions of column, row and diagonal, the pixel difference images and their histograms are calculated one after another. The obtained pixel difference histograms are shifted to construct the redundancy spaces, so that the hiding information could be embedded in a designated position. After the hiding data is extracted, the carrier image could be recovered reversibly without any additional information. The experiments demonstrate that the PSNR/bits of the LDHA_RT is the lowest or close to the lowest, compard with these algorithms mentioned in the references. This implies that the LDHA_RT has large capacity of hiding data under a good image quality.     

In vivo and in vitro protein digestibility in juvenile bagrid catfish Mystus nemurus (Cuvier and Valenciennes 1840) fed soybean meal‐based diets

In vivo and in vitro protein digestibility of 0% to 60% soybean meal protein (SBM) substitution from fishmeal protein was conducted for bagrid catfish Mystus nemurus juveniles. Seven experimental diets containing 35% protein and 15% lipid were fed to bagrid catfish to determine the in vivo protein digestibility. In vitro methods were determined using pH stat, pH shift, spectrophotometric assay and sodium dodecyle sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) with different enzyme mixtures (crude intestinal extract of bagrid catfish, Lazo 1‐enzyme, Hsu 3‐enzyme, Saterlee 4‐enzyme). In vivo and in vitro protein digestibility decreased with increased SBM protein substitution with highest tolerance level of 10% (in vivo). pH stat and pH drop methods showed the highest degree of hydrolysis (DH) and relative protein digestibility (RPD) using Saterlee 4‐enzyme system. However, pH stat method showed highest correlations (r² = 0.9263) with the in vivo results using crude intestinal enzyme extract compared to other enzyme systems. The highest correlation of the in vitro methods using crude intestinal enzyme extracts of bagrid catfish was determined using spectrophotometric assay (r² = 0.9284) followed by pH stat (r² = 0.9263), SDS‐PAGE (r² = 0.8348) and pH drop (r² = 0.6777). All the in vitro methods tested are suitable to rapidly determine protein digestibility for bagrid catfish except for pH drop.     

Bacterial community composition of sediments from a milkfish Chanos chanos Forsskål farm

Bacterial communities in sediments underneath milkfish cages and adjacent off‐cage areas in Bolinao, Lingayen Gulf, West Philippine Sea were characterized using PCR‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to assess influence of the fish farming to the sediments. The sediments in the fish cage (FC) area showed anoxic conditions [redox potential of ?165 to ?213 mV and acid‐volatile sulphide‐sulphur (AVS‐S) of 0.55–1.88 mg g^?1 (dry weight)] compared to the relatively oxic off‐cage area [redox potential of 72–81 mV and AVS‐S of 0.09–0.14 mg g^?1 (dry weight)]. The composition of the microbial populations revealed influence of the fish feed sedimentation with higher dominance of putative sulphate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) in the FC area. Compositions of the bacterial taxa showed dominance of the Bacteroidetes group and Deltaproteobacteria. The results suggest that the fish feeds created a new suitable environment, in which reductive microorganisms such as SRB, ferric‐ion‐reducing bacteria and nitrate‐reducing bacteria can thrive. Organic load from the feed and quantity of its leftover constituents may be the key factors that influence the structure of the bacterial community in the sediments of the milkfish farms.