Somatic embryo culture for propagation,artificial seed production,and conservation of sawara cypress (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Chamaecyparis pisifera</Emphasis> Sieb. et Zucc.)

 Somatic embryogenesis in Chamaecyparis pisifera Sieb. et Zucc. was initiated from immature seeds collected from the end of June to early July. Mass propagation through adventitious shoot bud production from somatic embryo culture on Woody Plant (WP) medium and artificial seed production using sodium alginate was achieved. A high bud forming index value (25.8) was obtained on medium supplemented with 1 μM 6-benzylaminopurine. The conversion rates from artificial seeds under aseptic and nonaseptic conditions were 60%–100% and 10%–12%, respectively. For germplasm conservation, somatic embryos and embryogenic cells were successfully stored at 4°C (medium-term storage) and in liquid nitrogen for long-term storage. Received: December 21, 2001 / Accepted: August 1, 2002 Acknowledgments This work was supported in part by the Japan Science and Technology Corporation and in part by a Grant for Research for the Future Program from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Correspondence to:E. Maruyama     

Petroleum flotation technique upgrades the germinability of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Casuarina equisetifolia</Emphasis> seed lots

The germination of Casuarina equisetifolia Forst seed lots is low (40–50%) even when freshly collected. This study aimed at upgrading the germination performance by removing non-germinable seeds using petroleum flotation technique. Seeds collected from 19 individual trees in seedling seed orchards in India were assessed using X-ray to determine the proportion of different seed lot fractions. The feasibility of petroleum ether as a separation medium was tested. Morphological characters of floating and sunken seeds were further studied using image analysis technique to examine their effects on the separation efficiency. The X-ray analysis revealed a large quantity of shrivelled, empty and insect-damaged seeds, altogether accounting 50%, which were the causes of low percentage germination of un-graded seed lots (48%). Petroleum flotation resulted in 90% germination in the sunken fraction and 4% in the floating fraction. The separation was distinct for most seed lots, except few seed lots that had relatively low germination in the sunken fractions and more than 10% germination in the floating fractions. As a whole, petroleum flotation appears to be a feasible technique to upgrade the germination of C. equisetifolia seed lots, and its efficacy is influenced by wing surface area, seed density and wing quotient of filled and empty seeds.     

刺槐种子萌发热谱及其萌发动力学研究

采用微量热法测定了刺槐种子的萌发热谱，发现其萌发过程呈现水化、活化和生长等三个生理阶段，揭示了其产热规律与吸水、呼吸和生长规律的相关关系，获得了其萌发过程中生长阶段的热力学模型、生长速率常数和限制因子的动力学参数．为继续开展此类研究提供了参考．     

Changes of plasma membrane H<Superscript>+</Superscript>-ATPase activities of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycine max</Emphasis> seeds by PEG treatment

The soybean （Glycine max） Heihe No. 23 is sensitive to imbibitional chilling injury. Polyethylene glycol （PEG） treatment can improve chilling tolerance of soybean seeds to a certain extent. The changes of hydrolytic ATPase in plasma membranes and H^＋-pumping responses in soybean seeds were investigated during PEG treatments. Effects of exogenous calcium and exogenous ABA on the hydrolytic ATPase were also examined in order to understand the mechanism of chilling resistance. Highly purified plasma membranes were isolated by 6.0% aqueous two-phase partitioning from soybean seeds, as judged by the sensitivity of hydrolytic ATPase to sodium vanadate. PEG treatment resulted in a slight increase of the hydrolytic ATPase activity in 12 h. Then the activity decreased gradually, but still higher than the control. The H^＋-pumping activity increased steadily during PEG treatment. Exogenous calcium had both activating and inhibiting effects on the hydrolytic ATPase, but the activity was inhibited in soybean seeds treated with exogenous ABA. Results suggested that PEG treatment, not the exogenous calcium and ABA, up-regulated H^＋-ATPase activities in soybean seeds.     

刺楸种子打破休眠和变温催芽试验

通过对刺楸进行打破休眠和变温催芽试验,研究了刺楸种子深度休眠的机理和催芽方法,结果表明:引起深度休眠的主要原因是种胚发育不完全,尚需一定的时间和温度条件才能完成种胚的发育,种子采收后须立即用湿河沙堆藏,层积处理的天数不少于120d。     

不同药剂浸泡处理对山桃稠李种子发芽的影响

为了促进山桃稠李种子萌发,提高山桃稠李种子繁殖的发芽率,以清水作为对照,采用不同浓度的高锰酸钾、过氧化氢、赤霉素对山桃稠李种子进行处理,比较不同药剂、不同浓度及不同处理时间对山桃稠李种子发芽的影响。结果表明:不同药剂处理的种子发芽率有显著差异,不同处理时间之间没有显著差异,各药剂处理按照发芽率由高到低的顺序排列依次为高锰酸钾、赤霉素、过氧化氢、水处理。对发芽促进效果最佳的组合是0.7%的高锰酸钾浸泡处理48h,发芽率可达88%。     

播种时期对蒙古栎不同类型苗木出苗和生长的影响

以蒙古栎种子为材料,研究播种时期对蒙古栎不同类型苗木出苗和生长的影响,结果表明:蒙古栎在秋季不同时间播种的出苗率均在60%以上,但以早期(9月下旬)播种的出苗率最高(大于80%),早期播种的苗木在苗高、地径、侧根数、根体积和根生物量等指标上都明显要高于其它播种时期,蒙古栎在秋播裸根育苗时应适时早播;秋季播种的容器苗在所有观测的形态指标上均好于春季播种的容器苗,秋季容器育苗质量更高。     

核桃坚果水浸液对4种植物种子萌发及生长的影响

为探究核桃果实不同部位水浸液对植物种子萌发及生长的影响,本试验以莴笋、萝卜、马蹄金、野牛草4种种子为试材,对其进行核桃种子、种仁及种皮的水浸液浸泡处理,进而研究核桃果实不同部位水浸液的化感作用,旨在探讨核桃水浸液对4种植物种子萌发及生长的影响。结果表明,在特定浓度下,核桃种子的水浸液对莴笋、萝卜、马蹄金、野牛草种子萌发均起到抑制作用,对萝卜幼苗生长的抑制作用大于莴笋幼苗的生长,对马蹄金和野牛草种子生长的抑制作用大于莴笋和萝卜。核桃种仁的水浸液对幼苗生长的抑制作用大于其余2个部位的影响,表现为:核桃种仁大于核桃种壳和核桃种子。本研究探索了核桃种子水浸液的化感作用及抑制植物种子萌发的物质,为农作物间作套种、化感抗害提供了依据和指导。     

大葱种子人工老化与膜脂过氧化的研究

大葱种子经过人工老化处理后,其发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数下降,活力指数较发芽率和发芽指数下降明显,种子老化6天后活力指数比对照下降70％。脱氢酶、SOD、POD活性和GSH含量也呈下降趋势,而浸出液可溶性糖、MDA、自由基、H2O2的含量增加,GSH、H2O2、自由基、可溶性糖含量与种子活力显著相关,并且较其他指标变化更为显著。说明大葱种子人工老化过程中膜脂过氧化加剧,膜结构和功能遭到破坏。因此,大葱种子人工老化与膜脂过氧化直接相关。     

豆科植物种子干粉拌种处理对伽师瓜种子发芽及植株生长的影响

【目的】研究比较在室外盆栽条件下,几种豆科植物种子干粉拌种处理对伽师瓜种子发芽及植株生长的影响,筛选出对伽师瓜种子发芽抑制作用较小,且对伽师瓜植株生长具有较好促进作用的豆科植物,为苦豆子绿肥开发提供依据。【方法】以伽师瓜为供试作物,选取苦豆子、三叶草、苜蓿、豌豆、豇豆和绿豆等6种豆科植物为试材,研究不同豆科植物种子干粉对伽师瓜种子发芽、伽师瓜植株形态以及相关生理生化指标的影响。【结果】三叶草种子干粉处理的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均最小,发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数分别为(65.0±0.105)、(62.5±0.088)和(1.188±0.173),绿豆种子干粉处理的萌发率、发芽势和发芽指数均大于其他处理组,发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数分别为(82.5±0.068)、(80.0±0.112)和(1.425±0.176),绿豆种子干粉对伽师瓜种子萌发的抑制性最弱。苦豆子种子干粉处理的伽师瓜植株高度、植株粗度和叶片总面积第5次测量的净增长量分别为(160.313±22.129)、(0.373±0.107)和(160.313±22.129)。苦豆子种子干粉处理的伽师瓜植株总干重和叶片叶绿素含量分别为(4.220±0.157)和(0.445±0.018)。【结论】与其他豆科植物相比,苦豆子种子干粉对伽师瓜植株形态以及相关生理生化指标具有更好的促进作用。在开发伽师瓜绿肥时,苦豆子种子可以作为优先选择对象。