凤眼莲动态模块化治理湖泊污染的设计

指出了环境生态工程采用生态学理论,强调将环境问题于系统内解决,使受污染的环境能够适时与周边的大自然友好和谐地融为一体,注重经济效益和生态效益的高度统一,已经逐步发展为最受欢迎的修复水体的技术之一。凤眼莲是修复污染湖泊的良好先锋植物,但其易泛滥成灾和含水量甚高的特性限制了人们对其大规模的使用。本着环境生态工程的理念,建立了凤眼莲动态模块化的浮床装置,利用风能为浮床装置提供电能,结合装置内的螺旋桨动力结构使浮床移动,通过旋转吊臂滑轮和底部尼龙网结构使凤眼莲机械化原位去水。此设计在实现低廉、高效治理水体富营养化和重金属等污染问题的同时,也有效解决了凤眼莲可能泛滥成灾的隐患,达到生态效益、经济效益和景观效益的协调统一。     

人为干扰对西南喀斯特小流域生态恢复的影响

对退化生态系统的恢复,是喀斯特生态脆弱区域社会经济发展的重要保障。农业生产活动、石漠化治理、土地利用方式等,共同构成了影响喀斯特小流域生态系统退化和恢复的人为干扰因素。在前人对喀斯特石漠化小流域生态治理相关研究的基础上,以生态系统组成要素和生态恢复动态过程为出发点,分析并探讨人为干扰对于植被、土壤、凋落物、土壤生物结构、功能和多样性的扰动。提出生态治理和生态建设应注意对生态系统要素的维持和丰富,并加强对生态系统整体恢复和生态过程的研究,从而更好地促进喀斯特石漠化小流域生态系统的恢复。     

以生态恢复为导向的郪江流域大英段植物景观规划

流域植被作为基础的自然"本底",在构建和维护河流生态系统稳定方面有着重要作用。通过对生态恢复定义及模式的探析,以流域植物为主要分析对象,浅析其界定与特征。以郪江流域大英段生态恢复项目为载体,展开流域植物景观规划研究,阐述总体策略引导下的植物评价及规划。     

云南十八连山省级自然保护区雨雪冰冻灾害区植被修复技术

应用修复生态学理论和植被演替理论,根据保护区现状和植被修复经验,结合恢复原森林生态系统结构、提高林分抗逆性等植被修复目标,提出了重度受害区植被修复模式、中度受害区植被修复模式、重要经济价值树种营建模式、珍贵树种扩繁模式、防火通道景观配置模式等5种植被修复技术模式。以及各修复模式的树种选择,混交、整地、配置方式及株行距等。     

Applying forest restoration principles to coral reef rehabilitation

• 1. Forest restoration through silviculture (gardening) programs revives productivity, biodiversity, and stability. As in silviculture approaches, the coral ‘gardening’ strategy is based on a two‐step protocol.
• 2. The first step deals with the establishment of in situ and/or ex situ coral nurseries in which corals are farmed (originating from two types of source material: asexual [ramets, nubbins], and sexual [planula larvae, spat] recruits).
• 3. The second is the reef rehabilitation step, where maricultured colonies are transplanted into degraded sites.
• 4. We compare here the rationale of forest restoration to coral reef ecosystem restoration by evaluating major key criteria. As in silviculture programs, a sustainable mariculture operation that focuses on the prime structural component of the reef (‘gardening’ with corals) may promote the persistence of threatened coral populations, as well as that of other reef taxa, thus maintaining genetic diversity. In chronically degrading reef sites this may facilitate a halt in biodiversity depletion.
• 5. Within the current theoretical framework of ecosystem restoration, the recovery of biodiversity indices is considered a core element since a rich species diversity provides higher ecosystem resilience to disturbances.
• 6. The gardening measure may also be implemented worldwide, eliminating the need to extract existing colonies for transplantation operations. At degraded reef sites, the coral gardening strategy can assist in managing human and non‐human stakeholders' requirements as is done in forest management.

Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Constructed shallow zones along navigation canals: vegetation establishment and change in relation to environmental characteristics

An Erratum has been published for this article in Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 12(2), 2002, 251

• 1. In recent decades shallow zones have been constructed along navigation canals in the Netherlands which form a potential new habitat for aquatic macrophytes and helophytes absent from traditional canals.
• 2. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between the aquatic plant vegetation that becomes established and the physical and chemical characteristics of water and sediment, in order to find the determinants of species composition and the changes therein. Data were collected in 1998 and 1999 from 80 plots in bank zones at varying stages of development since construction along two navigation canals.
• 3. Plots 3–5 years old were partly dominated by rooting submerged macrophytes such as Potamogeton pectinatus, Elodea nuttallii and Potamogeton pusillus; locally non‐rooting species occurred such as Ceratophyllum demersum, Lemna minor and Spirodela polyrhiza. Older plots contained Phragmites australis, locally mixed with free‐floating species. Hydrological isolation from the eutrophic canals was indicated by the presence of Chara vulgaris.
• 4. Characteristics of both water layer and sediment could explain the variation in vegetation composition. Rooting submerged macrophytes predominantly occurred in sites with a thin (<2 cm) layer of sediment with relatively low concentrations of organic matter; moreover, ammonium concentrations in the water layer and sediment pore water were relatively low. Stands of non‐rooting macrophytes and of Phragmites australis were characterized by a relatively thick sediment layer and high ammonium levels in the pore water. Light limitation in turbid water, associated with navigation and eutrophication, may also play a role.
• 5. Although submerged aquatic macrophytes persist for a relatively short time, shallow zones nevertheless function as a habitat for helophyte communities and contribute to a higher aquatic biodiversity than is associated with traditional banks along navigation canals.

Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development ofNew InDel Marker to Detect Genotypes of Conferring Fertility Restoration of BT-Type Cytoplasmic Male Sterility inRice简

Restorer line breeding is an important approach to enhance the heterosis and improve the yields of japonica hybrid rice. To improve the selection efficiency of restorer lines for BT-type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in japonica rice, a functional marker InDel-Rf-1a based on the difference of nucleotide sequence in Rf-1a locus between BT-type CMS lines and restorer lines was developed to detect the genotypes of different rice materials. Conventional indica rice varieties, restorer and maintainer lines without 574 bp deletion could restore the fertility for BT-type CMS in japonica rice. By contrast, most conventional japonica rice varieties except Aichi 106 and Yijing 12, with genotype of rf-1arf-1a showed the 574 bp deletion maintained sterility for BT-type CMS lines. To further verify the effect of genotyping detection in Rf-1a locus, this marker was also used to amplify the genomic DNA in different japonica rice restorer lines, CMS lines, hybrids and F₂ segregation population, and three genotypes in Rf-1a locus could be distinguished distinctly. Therefore, the marker InDel-Rf-1a could be widely used for genetic identification and marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding japonica restorer lines.     

植被恢复和覆土厚度对砒砂岩区土壤水分及养分的影响

[目的]研究植被恢复对砒砂岩区土壤水分和养分的影响状况,明确对于砒砂岩地区土壤保水保肥效果最佳的植被恢复类型,为砒砂岩区的生态修复和区域水土流失治理提供理论依据。[方法]选取准格尔旗暖水乡裸露砒砂岩向覆土砒砂岩过渡区域,以黄土—砒砂岩交界带不同人工恢复植被和自然恢复草地的土壤为研究对象,测定土壤水分和养分含量,分析不同植被恢复和覆土厚度对砒砂岩区土壤水分和养分特征的影响(其中天然草地作为对照)。[结果](1)裸露砒砂岩向覆土砒砂岩过渡区域土壤水分含量主要受黄土厚度影响,黄土的持水性能优于砒砂岩土壤,养分含量主要受植被恢复类型影响;(2)研究区土壤各指标均属于中等变异程度,其中土壤水分、碳、氮含量自北向南随覆土厚度增加逐渐增加,磷素分布则相反;(3)对比天然草地,沙棘和油松恢复对砒砂岩区土壤碳、氮含量的提升效果最好,土壤有机质含量分别提高了43.12%和34.27%,全氮提高了78.95%和42.11%,铵态氮提高25.64%和46.15%,硝态氮提高69.44%和42.22%。其中油松恢复下土壤水分含量高于天然草地54.55%,但人工植被恢复后的土壤磷素水平并没有提升。[结论]黄土较砒...     

金坛市长荡湖湿地保护与恢复技术措施及综合效益分析

阐述了长荡湖湿地保护与恢复的重要性和必要性,重点介绍了2项独创技术来开展长荡湖湿地保护与恢复,为全省同类湖泊湿地保护与恢复提供了一些应用示范和实践经验。