浅谈林业生产中的造林及抚育技术

在林业生产的过程中,采用正确、合理的造林技术和抚育技术,能够提高造林成活率,确保林木健康生长,并在短时间内构建完善的林分结构。而科学的抚育管理,又能进一步挖掘林业发展潜力,提升林地质量和产量,为林业发展创造更多的空间。同时做好造林和森林抚育工作,能够有效地促进林业科学发展,更好地应对全球气候变化的挑战。     

农林类高校学风问题及建设对策探讨

从学习目的、学习态度、学习纪律、学习方法、学习兴趣、学习氛围等方面提出并分析了农林类高校的学风问题,从提高认识、抓实专业思想教育、深化教学改革、坚持导管结合、加强校园文化建设等方面提出了加强学风建设的思路与对策。     

全力推进林业有害生物社会化防治进程

本文根据国家对林业有害生物防治工作新要求,分析了我国林业有害生物社会化防治存在的问题,提出全力转变社会化防治理念、尽快完善防治市场机制、进一步加大防治资金投入力度的建议。     

和龙市林业局龙牙楤木的开发利用

龙牙楤木是享誉长白山地区最著名的木本山野菜之一，除了食用价值，还兼有补气安神、强精滋肾的药用价值。由于当地广大群众一直实行掠夺性的采摘方法，致使野生龙牙楤木资源受到严重破坏，其蕴藏量和可采量逐年减少，供需矛盾日渐突出；为保护当地濒危经济植物———龙牙楤木，采取必要的保障措施，综合开发利用，才能使龙牙楤木产业真正成为和龙市多种经营的重要来源之一。     

The routes to fruit: Governance of urban food trees in Canada

Interest in planting urban food trees (UFTs) in public spaces is growing in popularity as a form of urban greening and a potential food source. Currently there is minimal research on the governance and policy aspects of integrating food trees into cities. To fill this gap, we investigated the characteristics of UFT site governance and how it compares to current urban forest governance. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with relevant municipal officials in Calgary, Edmonton, Toronto and Victoria about their perspectives and involvement with UFT sites in their city. A scan of policy documents was completed to supplement the interviews. The interviews were analyzed using a deductive coding framework based on the Policy Arrangement Approach. We found that key actors at the UFT sites were local organizations and site champions, with minimal municipal engagement. Most site resources provided by municipalities were in-kind. There are also basic knowledge gaps about how to care for UFTs. Currently municipal by-laws prohibit the harvesting and removal of plant material, and are at odds with the purpose of UFT sites, with few municipalities fully integrating UFTs in policies. The primary discussion around UFTs centre concerns for public health and safety, management, and use of public space with limited discussions of benefits. This research demonstrates the value of co-governance models to support UFTs, while a shift in focus from risks to benefits could encourage additional resources and policy integration. Further, including UFTs into policy would also support foraging and food tree maintenance in public spaces, and more fully reflect the plurality of urban forest engagement.     

Citizens’ perception of and satisfaction with urban forests and green space: Results from selected Southeast European cities

In this paper the results of the first comprehensive study on perception of and satisfaction with urban forests and green space in seven Southeast European cities are presented. The aims of the paper are to analyse 1) citizen perceptions of the current state of urban forests and green space in their cities, 2) to what extent current urban forests and green space meet their needs and how this can be improved. A cross-sectional study was conducted by using a common face-to-face survey questionnaire. Respondents were selected based on census data though a stratified sampling procedure by taking into account age, gender and city district (n = 384 in each city). The results showed that citizens genuinely care for urban forests and green space in their cities, but are not satisfied with their current state. The respondents found issues related to misbehaviour of other users, the presence and quality of facilities, as well as the presence and quality of management or maintenance the most pressing. There were more statistically significant differences than similarities between cities. Socioeconomic variables explained perceptions only to some extent. Citizens were very supportive of educational campaigns about the importance of urban forests and green space as well as of better enforcement of the existing regulations though having more community wardens that were expected to tackle current unsatisfactory situations. Urban planning and urban forest and green space management in these cities are facing many problems characteristic for post-socialist countries. Study findings are expected to contribute to decision making in urban planning and natural resource management.     

2015年华南4种林业期刊引文对比分析

为探讨林业期刊引文特点,对华南4种林业期刊《桉树科技》、《热带林业》、《广东林业科技》和《广西林业科学》2015年度所刊发的论文引文进行引文量、引文率、篇均引文量、引文类型、引文语种、期刊自引率等6个方面进行对比分析,结果表明:2015年4种林业期刊引文量为442 ～1 839条,平均1094条;篇均引文量7.8～16.4条,平均13.6条;除《热带林业》引文率为94.7％外,《桉树科技》等3种期刊引文率均达100％;均以期刊类引文最多,图书类次之,学位论文、标准、专利等其他引文最少,其平均所占比例分别为82.3％、10.3％和7.5％.4种林业期刊的引文语种为中文与英文两种,其所占比例分别为88.7％与11.3％;平均期刊自引率偏低,为4.3％,与我国农业科学类期刊平均自引率9.7％的差距较大.     

浙江乌牛早春茶始摘期及霜冻风险区划

为了解浙江省乌牛早春茶初始采摘期的时空分布特征和减少遭受春季霜冻的风险,应用1971—2014年浙江省71个常规站日资料和2005—2014年共2094个气象自动区域站小时观测资料,以乌牛早春茶发育热量为始摘期区划指标和乌牛早春茶各级冻害总灾损率为霜冻害区划指标,应用GIS技术,采用距离权重反比法(IDW,Inverse Distance Weighted),得到浙江省乌牛早春茶始摘期区划图和乌牛早春季霜冻风险区划分布图。结果表明:浙江全省乌牛早春茶始摘期在2月上旬—3月上旬,从南到北时间递增,温州沿海地区最早,29°N以南为2月中旬,30°N以北地区最晚。浙江沿海、盆地、低丘陵地区适宜种植乌牛早茶,海拔高的地区遭受春季霜冻风险大,不适宜种植乌牛早茶,区划结果将为茶叶主管部门和农技推广部门指导乌牛早种植的布局调整提供重要参考价值和科学依据。     

脉动燃烧技术及其在林业中的应用

脉动燃烧是指在一定声振条件下发生的一种周期性燃烧，其燃烧室内压力强度、气流速度、温度及热释放效率等参数随着时间呈周期性变化，是一种特殊的不稳定燃烧过程，具有燃烧效率高、燃料经济性好、运行环境友好等优点。研制基于脉动燃烧技术的林业作业装备对于提高林业生产效率、促进环保高效燃烧技术的发展具有重要意义。文中概述了脉动燃烧技术的工作原理、特点及发展现状，介绍了脉动燃烧技术在林业病虫害防治、木材干燥和土壤消毒中的应用，并在分析脉动燃烧技术的不足及其在林业作业应用中存在问题的基础上，提出脉动燃烧技术在林业作业应用中的发展方向。     

加快禄丰县彩云镇林业产业发展的思考

指出了发展林业产业是优化产业结构、培育经济增长点 ,提升区域经济实力、解决经济发展的重要途径 ,是林业产业发展研究的重要课题.针对禄丰县彩云镇当前林业发展格局中存在的问题 ,提出了具体的发展对策.