冬小麦遥感估产回归尺度分析

将统计业务和遥感估产结合起来,以北京市统计局提供的实割实测产量数据作为野外样方,利用抽样村和地块两种尺度的实测数据,用抽样村整体回归、地块整体回归和地块分层回归3种方法进行遥感估产,将所得结果与北京市统计局发布的统计单产从不同级别进行比较分析。结果表明,利用抽样村和地块两种尺度的实测数据进行回归估产都可以得到高精度的市级单产;在区县级别上利用地块尺度的实测数据进行估产得到的区县级单产精度高于抽样村尺度;在村级上利用地块实测数据进行单产预测能够较抽样村尺度更好的反映实际单产,模型更加稳定。因此,利用地块尺度的实测产量数据建立整体回归和分层回归模型都是可行,有效的,可以得到小区域尺度高精度的单产结果。     

中国畜禽温室气体排放量估算

为探明中国畜禽温室气体排放量及其趋势,该研究在政府间气候变化专家委员会（IPCC,2006）最新公布的畜禽温室气体排放系数和计算方法的基础上,结合中国畜牧业发展实际,估算了全国2000－2007年和各省区2007年畜禽温室气体的排放量。结果表明,全国年平均排放甲烷总量1 002.7万t,氧化亚氮总量57.7万t;2000－2007年期间全国畜禽温室气体排放量总体呈下降的趋势,黄牛甲烷排放量最大,生猪氧化亚氮排放量最大;各省区畜禽温室气体排放量呈现区域集中特点,居前2位的是四川省和河南省。要减少中国畜禽温室     

基于HJ-1卫星影像的三大农作物估产最佳时相选择

对于农作物遥感估产,精确选择最佳估产时相是关键环节。该文利用中国自行研发的HJ-1卫星CCD影像对黑龙江八五二农场3大作物（水稻、玉米、大豆）进行遥感估产的最佳时相选择,通过构建小波变换滤波方法和移动平均法的时序NDVI曲线数据,并依据平滑后的时序NDVI曲线分别确定3大作物的遥感估产最佳时相。研究结果表明,从平滑后的时序NDVI曲线中识别出来的3大作物的关键生长期与当地作物的物候期相对比,水稻生长期拟合误差为-0.003356508,玉米生长期拟合误差为-0.001687117,大豆生长期拟合误差为-0     

线性回归模型参数的BC估计

对线性回归模型的参数给出了一种新的有偏压缩估计，简称ＢＣ估计，并证明了ＢＣ估计的许多优良性质。     

基于TM影像纹理与光谱特征的红树林生物量估算

为研究红树林生物量的遥感估算方法,提取了广西和海南红树林TM遥感影像的光谱及纹理特征,结合地面调查所得126个样地生物量数据,进行多元逐步回归分析。结果表明,建立的生物量估算模型通过相关检验,可以高效、快速地进行红树林生物量的估测。     

Combining field and control team assessments to obtain error estimates for surveys of crown condition

Three field teams undertook a survey of crown transparency in Switzerland in 1993. A fourth team (control) also visited a subset of the trees that had already been visited by the field teams and reported estimates for the same. The problem of estimating the proportion (P_c) of trees with total crown transparency at least equal to a (fixed) level c is addressed. The method assumes that the control team estimate is an unbiased estimate of P_c and therefore if the expected difference between a field team estimate and the control team estimate is non‐zero then the field team estimate is biased. This assumption is most likely to be met in those countries or areas where the control team consists of the instructors. When this assumption cannot be met, as long as the bias of the control team remains the same over the years, the estimates of P_c from different years can still be used to study, for example, whether there is any temporal trend in P_c . A weighted average of the bias‐corrected field team estimates is used to determine the confidence limits. The method is applied to the Swiss national forest damage inventory data from the year 1993. The same approach can also be taken for estimating the proportion of cases where a random variable X, qualitative (such as the social position of a tree) or quantitative (such as the diameter of a tree at breast height), assumes values in a particular set.     

具有纯时延的系统的解耦时延参数估计

通过对纯时延的有理逼近，提出纯时延系统的一种新的解耦时延二步估计算法。     

微生物降解动力学参数估计新算法的比较

为了有效地估计较大范围变化的微生物降解动力学参数,发展了基于瞬时精英保护策略的遗传算法(IEPGA)和简单改进遗传算法(IGA),并和多次在参数区间内获取随机初值联用Matlab的lsqnonlin搜寻的算法进行了比较.这些算法利用模拟数据和文献数据,估计了积分形式的Monod模型参数.结果表明,虽然三者均能较好解决这一问题,但考虑到实际运行规模、时间以及最终结果精度,对于较大范围变化的微生物降解参数估计问题,多次(>20次)随机初值联用lsqnonlin的方法相对两种遗传算法更为可行.     

Detecting and estimating segregation distortion and linkage between glufosinate tolerance and blackleg resistance in Brassica napus L.

Summary The segregation and linkage between glufosinate (transgenes ‘Rf3’ and ‘T177’) and blackleg resistance genes in canola (Brassica napus L.) were assessed using F₁ microspore-derived doubled haploid (DH) populations from four crosses including reciprocals, two involving the transgene ‘Rf3’ and the other two involving the transgene ‘T177’. To relax the assumption of no segregation distortion required for the conventional analysis of segregation and linkage, we employed Bailey's analysis that allows detecting segregation distortion at linked loci. The significant departures from the 1:1 segregation were detected in the crosses involving the transgene ‘T177’ but not in the crosses involving the transgene ‘Rf3’. The apparent deficit of the herbicide tolerant DH lines in the crosses with the transgene ‘T177’ is likely due to differential selection against the gametes carrying ‘T177’ during microspore culture. The linkage was strong between blackleg resistance and the transgene ‘Rf3’ but weak or absent between blackleg resistance and the transgene ‘T177’, suggesting that the two transgenes are probably inserted into distant regions of the genome. The observed linkage offers an opportunity to develop new canola cultivars with both glufosinate tolerance conferred by transgene ‘Rf3’ and blackleg resistance.     

Vegetative protein and its relation to grain protein in high and low grain protein winter wheats

Summary Better understanding of the physiological and genetic basis of wheat grain protein will contribute to breeding efforts for this characteristic. This study provides information about plant protein distribution in high and low grain protein winter wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) at different growth stages and its relation to grain protein. Field experiments involved two winter wheats with high grain protein, Redwin and Lancota, and two with low grain protein, Centurk and Brule in two years. Protein content in the head, the upper three leaves, the first and second leaf, and the peduncle were estimated with Near Infrared Reflectance Spectrophotometer (NIR) at five growth stages. High protein cultivars had higher leaf protein at ripe and higher protein content in the heads at most growth stages than low grain protein cultivars. High protein cultivars had lower protein content in the peduncle than low protein cultivars at ripe. Correlation coefficients between plant-part protein and grain protein ranged from 0.48 to 0.87 for the heads, from –0.45 to –0.79 for the peduncle, and from 0.55 to 0.84 for the leaves. A combination of head, peduncle, and first leaf protein at heading was significantly related to grain protein (R²=0.71). Indirect selection for head, peduncle, and first leaf (flag leaf) protein at heading should result in increased grain protein. Recurrent selection for increased grain protein, with parent selectionbefore anthesis and hybridization should be successful.