生态公益林管护存在的问题及对策

通过查阅生态公益林的相关文献,总结了生态公益林在宏观和微观方面管理存在的问题,并从健全体系、普及知识、补偿机制等方面提出了加强生态公益林管护对策。     

建设项目环境影响评价的局限性问题

建设项目环境影响评价主要指项目实施后可能带来的负面环境影响预测、分析与评估,进而提出预防不良环境影响的有效措施,实现跟踪监测。但是目前我国建设项目环境影响仍具有一定局限性,只有充分认识到存在的问题,积极改进,才能发挥评价的真正作用。     

郏县文庙片区更新中历史文化资源的保护与利用

对河南郏县文庙片区的环境背景进行了分析,立足于其核心历史价值,对片区进行了详细规划设计。将片区的核心历史文化特色通过设计,在建筑、景观等层面表达出来,在保护古建筑的同时,借其核心优势,驱动整个片区的经济,并将部分收益返回来用于保护历史遗迹。通过案例的解析来阐明历史文化资源的有效保护利用手段。     

乡村旅游环境承载力概念探讨

近年来乡村旅游的兴起以及旅游业的空前繁荣,使人们的环境意识日益增强,人们开始探讨旅游环境承载力,但是少有人研究特定乡村旅游环境承载力,通过对现有旅游环境承载力研究的分析,提出乡村旅游环境承载力概念。     

苋菜试管开花初探

以苋菜试管苗为材料,研究多种因子对苋菜试管开花的影响.结果表明:(1)基本培养基MS和1/2MS对苋菜试管开花的影响不大.(2)单独添加NAA,可促进苋菜试管开花；苋菜试管开花对IBA含量的变化较敏感；6-BA含量为1.0 mg.L-1时的开花率最高,培养50 -60 d时可达58.7％.(3)不同单色光处理时,绿光与...     

Farmers' knowledge and perception of grain legume pests and their management in the Eastern province of Kenya

Grain legumes play an important role in community livelihood and in the national economy in Kenya. Unfortunately, in many African countries, production doesn't satisfy the demand in grains due to various constrains. Understanding farmers practices and behavior in the management of grain legume pests is a crucial step in the development of sustainable management strategies. A total of 216 farmers were surveyed in eight districts of eastern Kenya to evaluate farmers' knowledge and perceptions of grain legume pests; to examine current pest management practices, and to identify other production constraints. Grain legumes are grown by a wide age-group of farmers, with both genders equally represented. Chemical control remains the main pest management strategy, and, to ensure pesticide effectiveness, farmers also use increased application rates, chemical alternation, frequent application and mixtures of chemicals. While farmers used other control measures, they showed only limited interest in biological control. The majority of the farmers had experience in grain legume farming and were able to identify the major pests, which were the legume flower thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom, the cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora Koch and the legume pod borer Maruca vitrata Fabricius. Our survey revealed that education and proximity to extension services contributed significantly to farmers' knowledge of grain legume pests, suggesting the need to provide continuous training and capacity building on integrated pest management in grain legume farming. The study also suggests integration of other pest management strategies such as the use of early maturing varieties, biopesticides and biofertilizer to reduce the use of chemical for sustainable pest management.     

金融消费者保护问题的框架性思考

金融消费者是为生活消费需要而购买、使用金融商品或接受金融服务的人,具有追求盈利最大化、抗风险能力差以及弱势地位突出等特点。现阶段我国有关金融消费者权益保护方面的工作同发达国家相比还很不完善,存在缺乏专项立法、相关法律滞后、缺乏专业纠纷解决机制以及对金融消费者合法权益保护不到位等问题,急需国家相关部门出台相关政策文件改善和解决。     

3株H9亚型禽流感病毒的分离与鉴定

为了获得H9亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)流行毒株并掌握流行毒株的分子特征和致病性,采用病毒分离、血凝性试验、鸡胚半数感染量(EID₅₀)测定、HA基因序列分析、致病性试验、交叉保护性试验等对3份临床疑似H9亚型AIV感染病料进行了研究。结果:3份临床病料样品可引起10日龄SPF鸡胚规律性死亡,3株分离毒株对1%鸡红细胞的凝集效价分别10log₂、11log₂和10log₂;对SPF鸡胚的EID₅₀分别为10^-8.83/mL、10^-9.50/mL和10^-9.0/mL;与2018年上海分离毒株亲缘关系较近,进化树处于同一分支;对SPF雏鸡的发病率分别为80%、100%和90%;均未引起SPF雏鸡死亡;彼此之间具有100%的交叉保护率,商品化禽流感(H9亚型)灭活疫苗对3株分离毒株的保护率分别为100%、90%和100%。本试验成功分离鉴定到了3株低致病性H9亚型AIV流行毒株,并证实当前商品化疫苗对H9亚型AIV流行毒株仍具有较好的保护效果。     

Black soldier fly and yellow mealworm live larvae for broiler chickens: Effects on bird performance and health status

The commercial broiler chicken strains are the result of successful selection programmes. Most of the problems related to welfare arise from the high growth rate and body weight. The use of environmental enrichments in intensive farming could have a positive effect on birds by increasing animal welfare. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of Hermetia illucens (HI) and Tenebrio molitor (TM) live larvae in the diets of broiler chickens on growth performance, carcass yield and health status. A total of 180 four-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to 18 pens. Each pen was assigned to one of the three dietary treatments (6 replicates/treatment, 10 birds/replicate) as follows: (i) control diet (C): commercial feed (two feeding phases: starter [4–11 days] and grower [12–38 days]), (ii) HI: C + 5% of the expected daily feed intake (DFI) HI live larvae (calculated on dry matter [DM]) and (iii) TM: C + 5% of DFI TM live larvae (DM). At 39 days of age, birds were slaughtered. Growth performance parameters were overall not affected by dietary treatments, except for the grower phase feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the overall FCR being better in the TM broilers than the others (p < 0.01). No differences were observed for slaughtering performance and haematological and serum parameters, except for the spleen relative weight being higher (p < 0.01) in the birds administered with larvae when compared to the C group. Gut morphometric indexes and histopathological alterations were not influenced by insect larvae administration. In conclusion, the administration in limited quantities of HI and TM live larvae as environmental enrichment has no negative effects on broiler chicken growth performance and health status. A behavioural study could confirm that live insect larvae represent a novel natural environmental enrichment in broiler farming.     

中兽医药技术是猪只康养最佳供给体系

在我国养猪业面临产品安全和环境污染两大瓶颈的情势下,如何使所生产的猪肉食用卫生,所排粪污环境安全,纯天然、无污染、广效低毒、绿色环保的中兽医药学为破解这两大瓶颈提供了技术支撑。充分发挥我国传统的中兽医药技术的特色和优势,构建以中兽医药为主体的猪只康养技术供给体系,旨在集生产管理"适其天性"、所喂药料"无污染"、治疗药物"纯天然"、预防措施治"未病"、治疗方法"和谐调节"和四季保健"药饲同源"于一体的技术供给体系,从源头上破解这两大难题,从而实现猪只康养,环境安全,猪肉安康,凸显出中兽医药是猪只康养的最佳供给体系。