Removal of Dispersed Dyes from Aqueous Solution Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Olive Stones

In order to valorize olive stones and to show its potential use in the sorption of two dispersed dyes, it was transformed in activate carbon and characterized. The effects of different system variables： pH, agitation speed, temperature and initial dye concentration were studied in the batch tests. The adsorption capacity of activated carbon for the dyes removal was found to be affected by the solution＇s pH. Acidic pH was found the favour disperse dyes removal. Over 95% removal was achieved for both the dyes at pH 3. The equilibrium time for both dyes was 30 min. Both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms could be used to describe the adsorption of the dyes. Freundlich adsorption model succeeded in fitting the adsorption isotherms of dyes on olive stones activated carbon in single-solute systems, and prediction of the competitive adsorption behavior of dyes with the Freundlich-based Sheindorf-Rebuhn-Sheintuch （SRS） model gave acceptable results.     

H2O2/H2SO4改性玉米秸秆活性炭对甲醛吸附性能的研究

利用农业固废玉米秸秆制备活性炭,并对其进行H2O2/H2SO4改性,研究了改性前后其对甲醛的吸附性能、脱附性能和表面结构与表面化学性质变化以得到对甲醛有较高吸附量的活性炭。结果表明,经H2O2/H2SO4改性处理后可使活性炭平均孔径增大,表面酸性官能团含量提高150.41%,对甲醛饱和吸附时间延长50%,饱和吸附量提高165.94%,脱附峰面积和峰高均明显增大,表明改性后活性炭对甲醛的吸附是物理吸附和化学吸附的复合吸附。     

表面掺氮活性炭的制备及其甲醛吸附性能研究

以苯胺(An)为氮源,在活性炭表面原位聚合、炭化制备掺氮活性炭,考察了苯胺添加量对活性炭的孔隙结构变化、表面含氮基团及甲醛平衡吸附量的影响。结果表明,活性炭与苯胺质量比10∶2条件下制备的掺氮活性炭(AC2),其氮元素质量分数2.05%,总孔容和中孔容有所下降,而微孔率略有增加,这一变化有利于气相分子吸附。AC2的甲醛平衡吸附量379 mg/g,是市售气体净化用活性炭、竹炭的3~6倍,平衡吸附时间为6 h。通过活性炭表面掺氮,增大孔隙周围电子云密度,增强对甲醛中羰基碳正离子的吸引力。由此提供了一条由商品活性炭改性制备甲醛去除用活性炭的有效途径。     

沙柳活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学和吸附等温线研究

为了提高沙柳的利用价值,获得一种成本低、性能好的活性炭,采用化学活化法,使用3种不同的活化剂制备沙柳活性炭,并研究其对亚甲基蓝溶液的吸附性能,探讨了活化温度、时间和p H值对亚甲基蓝吸附的影响,重点研究了不同活化剂制备沙柳活性炭的工艺条件以及沙柳活性炭吸附亚甲基蓝溶液的吸附等温线和吸附动力学曲线。研究结果表明:不同活化剂制备的活性炭其对亚甲基蓝的吸附量不同,其中氢氧化钾为活化剂时吸附量最大(519.63 mg/g),磷酸次之(347.13 mg/g),氯化锌最小(323.45 mg/g)。沙柳活性炭对亚甲基蓝溶液的吸附行为符合二级反应速率方程所描述的规律和Langmuir吸附等温式,p H值和温度的升高有利于吸附的进行。     

日粮中添加凹凸棒石粉对鸡蛋品质的影响

在蛋鸡基础饲粮（玉米-豆粕-杂粕型）中添加不同比例的凹凸棒石粉,观察其对鸡蛋品质的影响。结果表明,基础饲粮＋1.5%凹凸棒石粉效果较好,与基础饲粮（不添加凹凸棒石粉）相比,蛋壳厚度显著提高,平均蛋重、哈氏单位、蛋壳强度、单位面积蛋壳重均有不同程度提高。     

活性氧化铝改性除氟性能研究

为提高活性氧化铝对饮用水中氟的去除效果,采用硫酸、氯化铁、硫酸与氯化铁复合3种方法对活性氧化铝进行改性。采用单因素和正交试验研究3种因素对3种改性活性氧化铝吸附除氟的影响。结果表明,硫酸与氯化铁复合改性的活性氧化铝的除氟效果最好,其最优改性条件组合为H₂SO₄浓度0.01 mol·L^-1,浸泡时间120 min,固液比1:5,FeCl₃浓度0.1%,浸泡时间180 min,固液比1:10;硫酸与氯化铁复合改性活性氧化铝的吸附行为更符合Langmuir等温线的拟合,即吸附为单分子层吸附,其最大吸附容量为4.98 mg·g^-1,是未改性的3.4倍;且硫酸与氯化铁复合改性活性氧化铝吸附氟后溶液中金属离子不超标。     

粉状活性炭再生工艺条件的研究

采用回转炉加热再生法，对粉状废味精炭了再生实验，确定的再生最佳工艺条件是：再生温度８５０℃，再生时间６０ｍｉｎ，水蒸气用量占原料量３０％，使废炭吸附恢复１００％，得率７０％以上。     

活性炭C40/4吸附甲苯和丙酮吸附性能研究

为探讨活性炭吸附C40／4有机蒸汽的性能曲线规律，在不同温度288．15K，293．15K和298．15K下实验测试了活性炭C40／4吸附有机气体甲苯和丙酮的吸附性能，基于langmuir等温吸附理论，从吸附动态平衡的角度，理论分析了吸附性能曲线中参数与温度之间的关系，提出一个经验的langmuir等温吸附曲线模型，它能很好地描述不同温度下的有机蒸汽在活性炭上的吸附性能曲线，模型计算值与实验测试值之间的误差小于6％，为确定活性炭吸附有机蒸汽的吸附量提供了有效的计算模式，从而为有机蒸汽吸附过程的设计、预测和优化提供有益的支持。     

Role of PPARα/PGC-1α in doxorubicin induced mouse dilated cardio-myopathy

AIM: To investigate the changes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)α/peroxisome proliferator activated receptor coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) in doxorubicin (DOX) induced dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and its effect on the energy metabolism and myocardial function in mice. METHODS: Forty mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, DOX group, PPARα inhibitor group and PPARα agonist group. The DCM model was established by injection of DOX. The protein levels of PPARα/PGC-1α were detected. The PPARα inhibitor and PPARα agonist were used 2 weeks beforeinjection of DOX. The contents of adenine acid and phosphocreatine (Pcr) in the mitochondria were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The ANT activity was analyzed by the atractyloside-inhibitor stop technique. The changes of the echocardiography and hemodynamics were also observed. RESULTS: DOX induced DCM model was successfully established. The protein levels of PPARα and PGC-1α in control group were significantly higher than those in DOX group (P<0.05). Both of the high-energy phosphate contents and the transport activity of ANT were decreased in DOX group (P<0.05), and the hemodynamic parameters were disordered (P<0.01). Compared with DOX group, PPARα inhibitor pre-treatment significantly reduced the PPARα/PGC-1α expression. Meanwhile, high-energy phosphate contents in the mitochondria and the ANT transport activity of the mitochondria decreased, as well as the left ventricular function (P<0.05). On the other hand, PPARα agonist significantly increased the expression of PPARα and PGC-1α, and improved the transport activity of ANT. In addition, the hemodynamic parameters were ameliorated, but the high-energy phosphate contents of the mitochondria did not significantly change. CONCLUSION: PPARα/PGC-1α plays an important role in the regulation of ANT transport activity in dilated cardiomyopathy induced by DOX, and the activation of PPARα/PGC-1α has protective effects on the DCM induced by DOX.     

Experimental Study about Activated Water Produced by the Method of Electro-hydraulic Impulse Improving the Mechanical Performance of Mortar

图１微型库平面示意射阳地区气候湿润、四季多雨，蒜薹味甜微辣、脆嫩、鲜绿、耐贮，主要分布在藕耕、千秋、临海、六垛等地区。种植面积达１．３万ｈｍ２，总贮量达４０００～８０００万ｔ，已成为当地蒜农的经济支柱和政府产业结构调整的重点方向。但蒜薹采收期一般在５月１０日左右，正值高温季节，采收时间仅４～５天，常因销售不及时而造成大量损失。为此蒜农和地方政府极为重视蒜薹采后贮藏保鲜、减损、保值、增值工作。当地政府于２０００～２００１年先后引进３５座微型节能冷库简称微型库，使以前只有依靠国家经费或贷款才能建造的…