红蓼种子萃取物对黏虫的作用机理

测定了红蓼种子乙酸乙酯萃取物对黏虫5龄幼虫体内5种酶活性的影响,结果表明,红蓼种子乙酸乙酯萃取物对黏虫幼虫体内Na+-K+-ATP酶的活性具有一定的抑制作用,而对其他几种酶活性没有明显作用。     

GA对扁竹蓼硬枝和嫩枝水插繁殖的影响

为探讨扁竹蓼的水插繁殖效果和最佳赤霉素(GA)处理浓度,以扁竹蓼的硬枝和嫩枝为插穗,采用0 mg/L(清水对照)、50 mg/L、100 mg/L和150 mg/L的GA浸泡处理,对扁竹蓼进行水插繁殖研究。结果表明:GA对扁竹蓼的插穗生根具有促进作用。硬枝和嫩枝水插均以100 mg/LGA处理的生根效果最好,其生根率分别达到97.5%和100%,根系发育指数分别达到0.53和0.86,极显著高于其他处理。总体看,嫩枝水插繁殖效果优于硬枝,因此,扁竹蓼水插以嫩枝并以100 mg/L GA浸泡6h处理效果最佳。     

Changes in functional diversity and intraspecific trait variability of weeds in response to crop sequences and climate

How weed communities assemble represents one the key issues of weed science. For a decade, functional approaches have been applied to investigate the processes that govern weed community assembly. In most previous studies, trait values have been generally averaged over multiple populations and habitats. Consequently, conspecifics display similar trait values while neglecting the considerable influence of intraspecific variability to detect changes in functional diversity in response to environmental drivers. However, this influence has been shown to be critical, especially, at local scales. Here, we studied changes in weed functional diversity at the field scale in four crop sequences. We focused on intra‐ and interspecific variability of four key functional traits involved in response to resource acquisition processes, the latter being modified by climate, management and competition. The relative influence of intra‐ and interspecific variability among the crop sequence types was highlighted using a diversity partitioning approach. It provides evidence for substantial amount of intraspecific variability in the weed community and underlines its essential role in response to fine‐scale environmental drivers. In addition, we investigated the response of the three most abundant species to competition with the crop, the growing season and the crop sequence type. We highlighted that these species showed a wide range of combinations of trait values, suggesting the co‐existence of several successful strategies. Based on these results, we emphasise that neglecting intraspecific variability can lead to substantial underestimations of the functional weed response to management and crop‐weed competition at the field scale.     

不同肥水搭配对一年生何首乌品质的影响

通过盆栽控水的方式,以何首乌扦插苗为材料,采用L9（34）正交试验设计,研究了不同氮、磷、钾肥水搭配对1年生何首乌品质的影响。结果表明：1年生何首乌水分和灰分未超过中华人民共和国药典2010版规定的10.0%、5.0%,二苯乙烯苷含量均达到中华人民共和国药典2010版规定的不少于1.0%,而结合蒽醌没有达到中华人民共和国药典2010版规定的不少于0.1 %。综合分析,盆栽水肥最优搭配组合为：氮肥施用量0~2.32 g/盆,P2O5施用量0~2.16 g/盆,K2O施用量3.00 g/盆,土壤持水量为80%。     

辣蓼黄酮正丁醇部分体外抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的研究

为明确辣蓼黄酮正丁醇部分（n-butanol part of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L.,FNB）体外抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PPRSV）的效果。本研究以Marc-145细胞和PPRSV弱毒疫苗毒株（TJM-F92）为对象,通过CCK-8法检测FNB对细胞的毒性作用,并检测先给药后接毒、先接毒后给药、药物与病毒同时作用这3种方式处理细胞后药物对病毒的抑制率。结果发现,FNB对细胞的最大安全浓度为500 μg/mL,因此,选择25~500 μg/mL浓度范围的FNB进行后续试验。各浓度的FNB处理病毒后,能不同程度的抑制PRRSV在细胞上的增殖,并呈现一定的剂量效应关系,药物的浓度越高,抗病毒效果越好。其中,先接毒后给药、药物与病毒同时作用这两种方式抗PRRSV效果显著,在25~500 μg/mL浓度范围内细胞存活率分别为21.55%~65.23%和24.85%~73.60%。而先给药后接毒,不能有效降低病毒的感染力,在药物最高剂量（500 μg/mL）时细胞存活率仅为7.00%,抗病毒效果不明显。FNB预先作用于Marc-145细胞虽未降低PRRSV感染细胞的能力,即药物对于PRRSV预防作用效果不理想,但是FNB对病毒感染细胞后呈现一定的作用,药物能够通过抑制病毒的合成、释放及直接杀灭病毒,进而能够有效抑制PRRSV在细胞上的增殖。本试验结果不仅为FNB在临床上治疗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）提供参考依据,而且可以为辣蓼的深度开发和利用提供理论依据。     

何首乌RAPD分析的最佳PCR条件筛选

以广西、广东、湖南、贵州、四川、湖北、江苏、安徽、山东、河南等10省共31个地理种源为材料，对其PCR各种反应条件实验进行了研究。结果表明：PCR反应时，总反应液20μL中基因组DNA浓度为20ng，引物浓度为10μmol／L，dNTP浓度为200μmol／L，镁离子的浓度选择1．5mmol／L，退火温度为38℃下出现可辨认的鲜明的谱带。本研究为RAPD分析应用于何首乌遗传多样性研究和优良种源选择打下了良好的基础。     

Studies on the humus forms of forest soils

The results of elementary analysis of each fraction separated physically from each horizon of five forest soils were described.

The biggest fraction was Lf₂ (fresh litter) in L layers, Ff₂ (>2 mm) or Ff₂ (2-1 mm) is F layers and Hf₄ in H layers.

Of all the changes in various parameters which accompanied decomposition and humification, the change in C/N ratio was the most obvious; the C/N ratio for plant remains easily decreased to 25 or 30 during decomposition, but any further decrease in this value occurred with difficulty. It was specifically pointed out that Hf₇ and Hf₂ were fairly different materials from the other fractions.

As for A horizons, both carbon and nitrogen contents increased, and CIN ratios decreased in the order of sand, silt and clay fractions.     

红蓼拒食活性组分的分离及其对小菜蛾幼虫代谢酶活性的影响

为研究红蓼(Polygonum orientale L.)的杀虫活性及作用机理,通过萃取、柱层析方法,测定了红蓼提取物对小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L.)3龄幼虫拒食活性及对其幼虫体内谷胱甘肽S-转移酶、羧酸酯酶、酸性磷酸酯酶、碱性磷酸酯酶系活性的影响.结果表明,乙酸乙酯萃取物比其他4种萃取物具有更高的拒食活性,在5.0 mg/ml的浓度下,24 h和48 h的拒食率分别为68.42%和62.55%.乙酸乙酯萃取物经硅胶柱层析后,得到13个组分,比较13个组分的拒食活性发现,组分8的活性较高,在浓度为2.5 mg/ml时,24 h和48 h的拒食率分别为77.13%和68.53%.同时,组分8对小菜蛾幼虫体内代谢酶存在不同程度的影响:对谷光肝肽-S-转移酶和碱性磷酸酯酶的活性具有明显的抑制作用;对羧酸酯酶和酸性磷酸酯酶的活性有一定激活作用.活性物质主要集中在组分8中,是进一步研究的重点内容.     

响应面优化虎杖固态发酵工艺条件的研究

应用产β-葡萄糖苷酶的黑曲霉固态发酵酶解虎杖中的虎杖苷,以提高虎杖中白藜芦醇的含量。采用均匀实验设计和响应面分析方法对影响虎杖中白藜芦醇含量的固态堆积发酵工艺条件(温度、湿度、菌龄和接种量)进行优化。结果表明:最佳的固态发酵工艺条件为:温度42℃,湿度1.85∶1、菌龄42h、接种量1.8%,在此条件下,发酵48h后,白藜芦醇含量提高为1.52%,是未进行固态发酵虎杖中白藜芦醇含量的4.47倍。优化固态发酵工艺条件能较大程度的提高从虎杖中获取白藜芦醇的得率。     

虎杖(Polygonum cuspidatum)茎尖愈伤组织诱导及高频植株再生

    以虎杖(Polygonum cuspidatum)茎尖为外植体进行离体再生研究,探讨苗龄、接种方式、不同植物生长调节剂、硝酸银和蔗糖等对虎杖茎尖愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化和生根的影响.结果表明:愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为MS+蔗糖28 g·L-1+琼脂5.5g·L-1+2,4-D 1.5 mg·L-1+6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1,诱导率为100%;3～7 d苗龄的虎杖茎尖愈伤组织诱导能力无显著差异,诱导率均达到95%以上,此后随着苗龄的增加,愈伤组织诱导能力快速下降,苗龄为12 d时愈伤组织诱导率只有55.6%;以正插(形态学下端插入培养基)方式接种的外植体愈伤组织诱导率显著大于反插(形态学上端插入培养基)和平放;不定芽分化最佳培养基为MS+AgNO3 4.0 mg·L-1+蔗糖30 g·L-1+琼脂6.0 g·L-1+NAA 0.5 mg·L-1+TDZ0.8 mg·L-1,分化率为83.9%,增殖系数为7.63;生根培养基选用1/2 MS+蔗糖26 g·L-1+琼脂6.5 g·L-1+活性碳3%+IBA 0.2 mg·L-1+NAA 0.3 mg·L-1,生根率为89.6%.用聚氟乙烯(PVF)透气膜封口比用聚乙烯(POLY)菌膜生根率明显提高(达到100%),生根明显提前.