水分胁迫下水稻剑叶中多胺含量的变化及其与抗旱性的关系

以6个中熟水、陆稻品种为材料，研究了在不同土壤水分状况下剑叶中腐胺(Put)、亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm)含量的变化及其与抗旱性的关系。结果表明，供水充足(对照)的叶片中Put、Spd和Spm含量随叶片的衰老而缓慢下降，与品种的抗旱性没有明显联系。水分胁迫处理(土壤水势保持－0.05 MPa)后，叶片中Put、Spd和Spm含量均显著增加，     

种子败育型葡萄胚珠中内源多胺含量与胚珠发育及败育的关系

为探明种子败育型葡萄胚珠中内源多胺含量与胚败育的关系,以种子败育型葡萄和有核对照品种自交果实为试材,研究了不同胚胎发育时期胚珠内源多胺含量的变化规律。结果表明,除有核葡萄Spm含量在胚发育过程中始终表现上升趋势外,葡萄胚珠内源PAs、Put和Spd含量均表现为先升后降的变化趋势。种子败育型葡萄的内源PAs、Put和Sp...     

柑桔果实采后某些生理变化与多胺的关系

对锦橙、脐橙、peng柑贮藏期多胺、呼吸强度、营养物质（糖、酸、有机酸、维生素C）、果皮电导率、枯水发生情况进行了观测。结果表明，3个品种果实在后期衰老过程中，Spm、Spd含量相对降低，而Put含量相对提高。3个品种果实衰老过程中，糖、有机酸、维生素C含量逐渐降低，与Spm、Spd含量变化成正比，与Put含量变化成反比。锦橙、脐橙在后期衰老过程中，呼吸强度逐渐降低，与Spm、Spd含量变化成正比，与Put含量变化成反比；而peng柑这段时期呼吸强度逐渐提高，与Spm、Spd含量变化成反比，与Put含量变化成正比。3个品种果实在衰老后期果皮浸泡液电导率提高，果皮细胞渗性与Spm、Spd含量变化成反比，与Put含量变化成正比。     

多胺在水稻产量形成与响应逆境中的作用

综述了多胺在水稻生长发育、产量和品质形成、衰老和响应非生物逆境中的作用;从多胺对水稻生长发育和产量形成的调控机理、多胺对逆境响应的分子机理、调控水稻内源多胺时空分布的栽培技术等方面进行展望。     

外源腐胺和精胺对NaCl胁迫下草莓叶片膜脂过氧化作用的影响

[目的]研究不同浓度腐胺(Put)和精胺(Spm)对NaCl胁迫下草莓(Fragaria×ananassa)叶片膜脂过氧化作用的影响,为进一步探讨多胺参与草莓耐盐性反应的作用机理奠定基础。[方法]试验共设8个处理:清水处理(CK),120 mmol/L NaCl,1×10-3mol/L Spm+120 mmol/L NaCl,1×10-4 mol/L Spm+120 mmol/L NaCl,1×10-5 mol/L Spm+120 mmol/L NaCl,1×10-3 mol/L Put+120 mmol/L NaCl,1×10-4 mol/L Put+120 mmol/L NaCl,1×10-5mol/L Put+120 mmol/L NaCl。[结果]腐胺和精胺处理能够降低NaCl胁迫下草莓叶片内O2-.含量、MDA含量和细胞膜透性,提高SOD和POD活性,降低膜脂过氧化水平,提高膜稳定性,进而提高草莓的抗盐性。[结论]Put和Spm能增强植物对盐胁迫的抗性,以1×10-5mol/L Put处理与1×10-3mol/L Spm处理效果最佳。     

Effects of exercise training on myocardial polyamine metabolism in aged rats

AIM:To explore the effects of exercise training on myocardial polyamine metabolism in aged rats. METHODS:Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups:old+exercise group(Old+Ex), old group(Old) and young group(Young). High-performance liquid chromatography was used to test the content of myocardial polyamines(putrescine, spermidine and spermine). The activity of polyamine synthesis and catabolism rate-limiting enzyme ornithine decarboxylase(ODC) and spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase(SSAT) was analyzed by [¹⁴C] labeling. The level of malondialdehyde(MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in the myocardium were detected by colorimetric method. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cardiac functions were measured by echocardiography. The changes of myocardial ultrastructure were observed under transmission electron microscope. RESULTS:(1) Compared with Young group, ODC activity decreased, SSAT activity increased, and the levels of spermidine, spermine and total polyamine were significantly decreased in Old group. SOD activity also decreased significantly, the content of MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β also increased dramatically in Old group. In the old rats, both left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD) and end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD) increased, while left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and fractional shortening(LVFS) decreased.(2) Compared with Old group, ODC activity increased, SSAT activity decreased, the levels of spermidine and total polyamine significantly increased, SOD activity increased significantly, and the content of MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β decreased dramatically in Old+Ex group. The functions of left ventricle also improved significantly in Old+Ex group.(3) Ultrastructural observations indicated that the myofilament and mitochondrial cristae were irregular and mitochondrial matrix density decreased in old rat heart. The cardiac sarcomere structure was clear, the mitochondrial matrix was dense and the mitochondrial cristae arranged in order in Old+Ex group. CONCLUSION:Exercise training promotes polyamine synthesis metabolism and inhibits polyamine catabolism in the heart of aged rats, thus fighting against aging-induced myocardial polyamine decrease. Exercise training also improves the capacity of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant processes of aged heart. Maintaining the appropriate levels of myocardial polyamines may be a new mechanism to delay cardiac aging.     

外源多胺对核桃雌雄花芽分化及叶片内源多胺含量的影响

 以‘辽宁1号’核桃为试材，研究了外源多胺对雌雄花芽分化及叶片内源多胺含量的影响。两年试验结果表明，喷施1×10^-3mol·L^-1和1×10^-4mol·L^-1的腐胺(Put)和亚精胺(Spd)能够显著增加雌花数量，提高雌雄花芽比例。在雌花芽生理分化期，芽内Put、Spd和精胺(Spm)含量升高并达高峰，叶片内Put含量累积并达高峰，而Spd、Spm含量变化不大。1×10^-3mol·L 的Put和Spd处理可提高叶片内源多胺含量，其中内源Put、Spd的含量升高早于内源Spm含量的升高。     

Exogenous polyamines alleviate the lipid peroxidation induced by cadmium chloride stress in Malus hupehensis Rehd.

In order to investigate the effects of spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) on the stress of cadmium chloride (CdCl₂), it was checked that the content of polyamines and malondialdehyde (MDA), the rate of superoxide anion (O₂⁻) generation and the activities of superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) in 1-year-old Malus hupehensis Rehd. var. pinyiensis Jiang (tea crabapple) seedlings grown in nutrient solution. The result showed that the content of free putrescine (Put) was increased, the contents of free Spd and Spm and the (Spd + Spm)/Put ratio in leaves were decreased significantly under CdCl₂ treatment. Foliar spraying with Spd or Spm under CdCl₂ treatment, the accumulation of free Put reduced, the contents of free Spd and Spm and the ratio of (Spd + Spm)/Put in leaves increased significantly. The activities of SOD and GPX in leaves were enhanced and O₂⁻ generation rate and MDA content were decreased significantly by foliar spraying with Spd or Spm under CdCl₂ treatment. Results suggest that both Spd and Spm can alleviate the lipid peroxidation caused by CdCl₂ in M. hupehensis var. pinyiensis.     

僵藕生长过程中茎叶内源激素与多胺含量的变化

采用酶联免疫法 (ELISA)及薄层 -荧光测定法分析了僵藕生长过程中茎和叶中内源激素和多胺含量的变化。结果表明 :僵藕茎、叶中IAA、GA1 3和ZRS 水平一般都明显低于正常藕 ,而ABA水平则一直明显高于正常藕 ,这可能是僵藕生长势弱的原因所在 ;生长后期 ,正常藕茎、叶中IAA水平成倍提高 ,ABA维持低水平 ,而僵藕则IAA维持低水平 ,ABA迅速上升 ,这可能是僵藕早衰的生理原因。内源精胺 (Spm)、腐胺 (Put)和尸胺 (Cad)都普遍高于正常藕 ,且变化幅度大于正常藕 ,提示了内源多胺与僵藕的发生有密切关系。     

外源多胺及其合成抑制剂对苹果花粉萌发及坐果的影响

本试验研究了外源多胺及其合成抑制剂对苹果花粉萌发及坐果的影响,结果表明：低浓度的多胺可提高花粉萌发率,而高浓度的多胺则抑制花粉萌发, １×１０－３～１×１０－４ ｍｏｌ· Ｌ－１的ＭＧＢＧ抑制花粉萌发,１×１０－６ｍｏｌ· Ｌ－１的Ｐｕｔ可逆转ＭＧＢＧ的抑制作用;田间坐果试验结果表明：盛花期喷施１×１０－３～１×１０－６ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１的Ｐｕｔ,Ｓｐｄ和１×１０－５～１×１０－６ｍｏｌ· Ｌ－１的Ｓｐｍ均能显著提高红富士苹果坐果率。