A citywide survey of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa spatial distribution in Orléans (France)

There is a growing recognition that urban trees provide various valuable benefits and services such as enhanced human wellbeing. However, they also have a cost in terms of public health either directly (allergies) or by harboring species representing health risk for humans. This paper focuses on such a forest insect species, the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa. Its caterpillars develop gregariously during winter in a conspicuous silk nest in coniferous hosts. When disturbed, the larvae release urticating hairs that cause human or animal serious health problems. The purpose of our survey was to (1) inventory all individual trees belonging to potential host species and estimate the density of T. pityocampa (2) assess the spatial pattern of the insect population at the city scale. We conducted an exhaustive inventory of potential coniferous host trees in five municipalities (ca. 5000 ha) in the north of Orléans, France. Each tree was identified, geo-referenced and the number of moth nests it hosted was counted. A total of 9321 urban trees representing 11 coniferous taxonomic units were investigated. The distribution of T. pityocampa exhibited a marked spatial structure citywide. Geostatistics allowed to draw risk maps revealing strong patchiness. We provide the first estimate of T. pityocampa host tree preference in an urban context and found that Pinus nigra, P. pinaster and P. sylvestris were the most attacked trees. We also report numerous cases of T. pityocampa occurrence on the exotic ornamental Himalayan cedar Cedrus deodara. The management implications of our findings are two-fold: (1) risk maps constitute a useful framework for communication and public information, and can help developing control strategies; (2) some species frequently used for ornamental purposes are poor quality hosts regarding T. pityocampa and should therefore be preferred in public place usually frequented by vulnerable people (schools, nurseries, hospitals).     

Construction of Genetic Linkage Map of Bread Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） Using an Intervarietal Cross and QTL Map for Spike Related Traits

Most often a genetic linkage map is prepared using populations obtained from two highly diverse genotypes. However, the markers from such a map may not be useful in a breeding program as these markers may not be polymorphic among the varieties used in breeding. For the past nine years, intraspecific maps have been gaining importance and such maps based on Swiss （PaiUard et al., 2003）, Japanese （Suenaga et al., 2005）, Australian （Chaimcrs et al., 2001） wheat varieties arc available. A map based on Indian wheat varieties however has not been reported. We constructed a genetic linkage map based on a cross between two Indian bread wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） varieties, Sonalika and Kalyansona. One hundred and fifty F2 individuals were analyzed for arbitrarilyprimed polymerase Chain reaction （AP-PCR）, random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD）, inter simple sequence repeats （ISSR）, Sequence Tagged Microsatelhte Sites （STMS）, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism （AFLP） markers, seed storage proteins and known genes. A linkage map was constructed consisting of 236 markers and spanning a distance of 3 639 cM with 1 211.2 cM for A genome, 1 669.2 cM for B genome, 192.4 cM for D genome and 566.2 cM for unassigned groups,     

苹果分子标记及辅助育种研究进展

从基于集群分离分析法、杂交群体、全基因组关联分析和功能基因分子标记4个方面对苹果相关的分子标记及其在辅助育种上的应用进行了综述,为苹果分子标记辅助育种和揭示重要性状的遗传提供依据。     

水稻Pi基因分子标记的物理图谱锚定

整理国际注册或期刊报道的已定位Pi基因,并在物理图谱上锚定,为抗稻瘟病基因-Pi基因的精细定位、图位克隆提供研究基础.利用www.gramene.org网站公布的Pi基因的分子标记,在测序图谱Gramene Annotated Nip-ponbare Sequence 2006上进行物理图谱锚定.通过本研究把已定位的89个Pi基因的42个锚定到其物理图谱的28个位点上.这42个Pi基因,除了已克隆的11个基因外,其余的均可作为Pi克隆基因的候选基因作进一步的研究.     

基于CASS的数字化宗地图自动绘制应用研究

针对过去传统的宗地图手工制作方法,利用南方CASS软件,探索地籍图形数据处理方法与应用,实现了宗地图的自动绘制,地籍表格及地籍统计信息的自动生成。     

畜禽DNA指纹的研究与应用

综述了ＤＮＡ指纹技术的原理，方法，以及在个体（品种）鉴别，亲缘关系分析，群体遗传变异分析，连锁分析等方面的研究进展。     

核果类果树遗传连锁图谱的研究进展

遗传连锁图谱构建是基因组研究中的重要环节,是基因定位与克隆乃至基因组结构与功能研究的基础。近20a来,分子生物学特别是分子标记技术的飞速发展为高饱和核果类遗传连锁图谱的构建和利用奠定了基础。目前国内外已经公布十几张核果类的遗传连锁图谱,但这些图谱均有不同的缺陷。因此,我们就核果类遗传连锁图谱的构建进展、性状的QTL定位及比较图谱应用进行了综述,并探讨了核果类遗传连锁图谱研究的前景和存在的问题。     

Reaction behavior of lignin in supercritical methanol as studied with lignin model compounds

 The reaction behavior and kinetics of lignin model compounds were studied in supercritical methanol with a batch-type supercritical biomass conversion system. Guaiacol, veratrole, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene were used as model compounds for aromatic rings in lignin. In addition, 5-5, β-1, β-O-4, and α-O-4 types of dimeric lignin model compounds were used as representatives of linkages in lignin. As a result, aromatic rings and 5-5 (biphenyl)-type structures were stable in supercritical methanol, and the β-1 linkage was not cleaved in the β-1-type structure but converted rapidly to stilbene. On the other hand, β-ether and α-ether linkages of β-O-4 and α-O-4 lignin model compounds were cleaved rapidly, and these compounds decomposed to some monomeric compounds. Phenolic compounds were found to be more reactive than nonphenolic compounds. These results indicate that cleavages of ether linkages mainly contribute to the depolymerization of lignin, whereas condensed linkages such as the 5-5 and β-1 types are not cleaved in supercritical methanol. Therefore, it is suggested that the supercritical methanol treatment effectively depolymerizes lignin into the lower-molecular-weight products as a methanol-soluble portion mainly by cleavage of the β-ether structure, which is the dominant linkage in lignin. Received: December 19, 2001 / Accepted: April 30, 2002 Acknowledgments This research has been done under the research program for the development of technologies for establishing an ecosystem based on recycling in rural villages for the twenty-first century from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan; by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)(2) (no.12460144, 2001.4–2003.3) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan; and under the research program from Kansai Research Foundation for Technology Promotion, Japan. The authors thank them for their financial support. This study was presented in part at the 45th Lignin Symposium, Ehime, Japan, October 2000 and the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, Japan, April 2002 Correspondence to:S. Saka     

利用91卫图助手软件实现林业矢量数据坐标系的转换

以永平县林业矢量数据为例,利用91卫图助手软件和ArcGIS软件,通过北京54坐标系矢量数据在各坐标系下叠加、坐标系转换参数的计算、矢量数据坐标系的转换等步骤,阐述实现矢量数据坐标系WGS84、北京54、西安80和国家2000坐标系相互转换的方法,以实现各类自然资源矢量数据的共享。     

基于R2V与ArcInfo的地形图数字化方法

结合R2V和ArcInfo 2种应用工具,阐述数字化地形图的新方法。Workstation下精妙的算法可以很好地解决图像校正精度以及图像拼接问题。利用R2V可以实现半自动化数字化。通过二者的结合使用,实现优势互补,完成地形图的高效数字化。