日本农产品批发市场考察报告

详细介绍了东京大田农产品批发市场和名古屋批发市场在果菜、水产、花卉方面的交易情况，并对日本批发市场的设置程序和交易原则进行了简要阐述，最后提出发展中国批发市场的几点建议。     

日本的营养液栽培现状及其新技术

该文从营养液栽培的发展规模、投资费用、营养液栽培方式等方面介绍了日本营养液栽培的现状、存在的问题及发展方向。在营养液管理方面，已发现单纯依靠检测电导率EC值控制营养液浓度的弊端，提出应针对各种离子的营养液浓度进行管理；各种废液的处理方法和营养液循环利用中去除病原菌和生长阻害物质的方法。分析了各种方法的利弊。最后该文详细介绍了日本营养液栽培的新技术——移动栽培和营养液土耕的基本原理，主要方法和效果。     

The effects of traffic on the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) and other mammals in Japan

We investigated the extent of raccoon dog roadkills, and the factors influencing them, using data from the National Expressways in Japan for 1987-1998. A high rate of raccoon dog roadkills occurred in western Japan, whereas a relatively low rate was typical of the central region and of Hokkaido. Kills on the National Expressways increased as traffic and the length of the road network increased between 1987 and 1998. The relationship between mortality and traffic volume was scale-dependent. The number of roadkills was positively correlated with traffic volume at national level, but negatively correlated with the amount of traffic along sections of an individual major road between exits. There were spring and autumn peaks, and possibly early morning and evening peaks, of mortality. Mortality was higher for roads in a cutting, where the road was closer to water, and where the roadside habitat was broad-leaved woodland. Coniferous forest was negatively associated with roadkills. The total numbers of roadkills on four types of roads (National Expressways, National, Prefectural, and Municipal roads), was estimated to be between 110,000 and 370,000 in 1998. We suggest some preventative measures which might mitigate road casualties (while remaining attentive to human safety). Roadkill data, after controlling for traffic volume, can be useful as a population trend index. Patterns for racoon dogs are compared with those for other species.     

The effects of long-term conservation tillage, crop residues and P fertilizer on soil conditions and responses of summer and winter crops on an Andosol in Japan

A field experiment was conducted from 1983 to 1992 in Tsukuba, Japan to investigate the effects of tillage on soil conditions and crop growth in a light-colored Andosol. Three tillage methods (NT: no-tillage, RT: no-tillage for summer cropping and moldboard plowing for winter cropping, and CT: conventional rotary tillage to a depth of 15 cm) were employed in combination with crop residue application (+R, −R) and fused magnesium phosphate (FMP) fertilization (+P, −P). Under the combination of NT and +R, diurnal variation of soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm was smaller during the summer cropping season and soil temperature in the daytime was lower during the winter cropping season than under CT. Soil inorganic N concentration at a depth of 0–30 cm was +R > −R and NT > RT > CT. The early growth of summer crops was accelerated under NT in comparison with CT, and yields were higher under NT and RT in comparison with CT. On the other hand, winter crop yields were significantly reduced under NT, while they were still higher under RT in comparison with CT. Yields were higher with +R and +P application, respectively, and these effects were more pronounced in winter cropping. The positive effect of FMP fertilization was greater in combination with NT, and that of residue treatment was greater in combination with RT and NT than with CT. In conclusion, the best tillage practice for Andosols on the Kanto Plain is RT, i.e. a combination of NT for summer cropping and CT for winter cropping. The application of NT for winter cropping is not recommended, although the application of phosphate and crop residues could reduce the risk of yield reduction, because of improved soil nutrient status and moderation of diurnal soil temperature.     

日本检疫性贸易壁垒及我应对措施

通过对日本检疫性贸易壁垒的分析，我们应根据SPS协议的有关规定，采取必要措施，打破其检疫性贸易壁垒，促进我产品出口。     

2种降水模式对2次降水过程的对比分析

利用T639模式与日本模式的降水数值预报,对2008年7月的2次降水天气过程进行对比分析。结果发现,日本模式与T639模式的36和60h实效预报情况较好,降水落区和降水强度基本可以信任。2008年7月6日过程T639模式和日本模式东北地区的36h时效日累积降水预报除对暴雨区的位置有偏差外,降水带的落区和量级与实况较为一致;2008年7月24日过程的36和60h实效的预报效果与实况大体一致。但从2次过程的84h预报情况来看,降水落区和降水强度均有较大偏差。     

日本高等农业教育发展道路及模式探索

为了借鉴国外的办学经验,对日本高等农业教育的发展道路及模式进行了探讨,分析表明,19世纪后半叶日本出现了高等农业教育,以后经历了高等农业教育体系初步形成、办学模式创新、教育规模扩张和稳定规模提升培养层次4个主要阶段;经过100多年的发展,日本形成了包含83所各类院校的高等农业教育独特体系———有设立农业相关学部的53所综合性大学、7所农业大学及23所设有农业相关学科的短期大学。     

Japan's green resources: Forest conservation and social values

Modern and historical Japanese societies are and were quite comfortable with a nature defined, designed, and dominated by humans. While contemporary Japanese are concerned about the environment, especially about non-timber (green) forest resources, conservation organizations are generally small and locally focused. Public forests, accounting for 40 percent of all Japan's forests, are intensively managed. At the national level, the timber program is operating below cost and there is increasing emphasis on non-timber management and rural economic development. A professional elite largely determines forest management goals and cultural barriers minimize broad public participation. Increasingly aware of the environmental impacts of their industrial society at home and abroad, the Japanese are becoming more environmentally concerned. Government agencies are especially proactive in enhancing environmental understanding among Japanese citizens and in sharing their resource management expertise with other Pacific Rim nations.     

日本斤柿栽培技术

从果园选址、园地对环境的要求、品种选择、科学管理、病虫害综合防治等方面,介绍了安阳地区生产日本斤柿的技术规程。     

Seven samurai to protect “our” food: the reform of the food safety regulatory system in Japan after the BSE crisis of 2001

Using the case of food safety governance reform in Japan between 2001 and 2003, this paper examines the relationship between science and trust. The paper explains how the discovery of the first BSE positive cow and consequent food safety scandals in 2001 politicized the role of science in protecting the safety of the food supply. The analysis of the Parliamentary debate focuses on the contestation among legislators and other participants over three dimensions of risk science, including “knowledge,” “objects,” and “beneficiaries.” The metaphor of “seven samurai” and the relationally situated roles of “samurai,” “bandits,” and “beneficiaries” are used to show that in the process of policy making certain moral and ethical expectations on a new expert institution for food safety were contested and negotiated to frame responsibilities and commitments of social actors for creating the food system based on trust.