In vitro and in vivo efficacy of lasalocid for treatment of experimental cryptosporidiosis

In vitro viability of purified Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, exposed for 30, 60, 90 and 120 min to 0.27 mg/ml lasalocid suspension was evaluated by inclusion or exclusion of two fluorogenic vital dyes and an excystation technique. Continuously, preventive and curative efficacies at different doses (9, 6.75, 5.625 and 4.5 mg/kg body weight) and regimens of lasalocid against cryptosporidial infection were evaluated on an experimental neonatal mice model. In vitro assays demonstrated a decrease in the oocyst viability related to an increase in exposure time for exposure to the lasalocid suspension. The infection was eradicated when the suspension was administered with a dose of ≥6.75 mg/kg body weight. No apparent toxic effects were observed.     

HACCP原理在生鲜牛奶生产中的应用

HACCP是危害分析与关键控制点的英文缩写,该文结合我国大多数中、小奶牛场硬件条件,运用HACCP原理,分析了泌乳牛饲养和生鲜牛奶生产过程中危害产生的原因,制定了简单易行的预防措施,确定了关键控制点,建立了控制制度和验证方案,有效的控制了危害的出现.同时通过实施HACCP计划,使生鲜牛奶的卫生、安全质量达到了发达国家标准.     

青海省草地生物灾害现状及应对措施

鼠害、虫害、毒草是青海省草地主要生物灾害。受异常气候、过牧及人类活动影响,导致草地严重退化,灾害蔓延,植被逆向演替,生产力逐年下降,生态系统恶性循环。采取加强组织领导、强化预测预报、实施综合治理、加大科技投入、制定应急预案等措施是应对和预防生物灾害,促进畜牧业持续稳步发展的有效途径。     

内蒙古阿拉善盟草原疯草危害调查

采用现场调查和资料收集相结合的方法，对内蒙古阿拉善盟的阿拉善左旗、阿拉善右旗和额济纳旗3个旗疯草的种类、分布、危害及防治对策进行了调查研究。结果表明：阿拉善盟有疯草7种，其中棘豆属有毒植物3种，黄芪属有毒植物4种，分布面积超过139．33万hm^2，危害最严重的是小花棘豆和变异黄芪，给当地畜牧业造成了极大的危害，并就如何综合利用疯草提出了几点措施。     

水培蔬菜硝酸盐控制方法研究进展

综述了水培蔬菜硝酸盐控制方法的研究进展,包括合理的氮源配比、营养液的元素平衡、后期采用停氮处理、选择使用好塑料膜控制光照、叶面喷施措施等。     

重金属镉污染对蔬菜的影响及防治对策

从蔬菜中镉的来源、含量和蔬菜对重金属镉的累积特点,提出了镉污染蔬菜的防治对策,指出应根据不同程度土壤镉污染的状况,密切配合各项农艺措施的实施来种植不同品种的蔬菜.     

球虫(菌)清缓释剂防治家兔球虫病和大肠杆菌病效果分析

目的寻求一种高效、优质药物防治家兔球虫病和大肠杆菌病。方法(1)60只健康兔分4组,第1、2组分别注射球虫清缓释剂、球菌清缓释剂,第3、4组分别用伯氨喹啉、地克珠利 氟哌酸拌料日常饲喂,于d 2、5、7、15、30口服球虫孢子化卵囊,隔10 d取粪查卵囊,观察保护率。(2)球虫病兔20只分为第1、3组,球虫病及大肠杆菌病兔20只分为第2、4组,分别用上述方法给药比较治愈率。(3)日常饲养兔150只分3组,分别为注射球虫清缓释剂、伯氨喹啉拌料日常饲喂、对照组,1、2、3个月后查卵囊,观察转阴率、OPG值、死亡率等。(4)幼兔100只分5组,前4组用方法(1)给药,第5组为对照组,比较增重率、饲料转化率、节省防治费率。结果(1)兔注射球虫清缓释剂、球菌清缓释剂后,在d 2~20时,攻击球虫,其保护率均为100%(3/3)。在d 30时,攻击球虫,其保护率均为66.7%(2/3);而口服伯氨喹啉,地克珠利 氟哌酸防治的兔,在d 2~5时攻击球虫,保护率为0,在d 10时,其保护率均为33.3%(1/3),在d 20~30时,其保护率均为66.7%(2/3)。(2)球虫病和大肠杆菌病兔(1、2组)注射球虫清缓释剂、球菌清缓释剂后d 5~60,球虫病、大肠杆菌病的治愈率均为100%;口服伯氨喹啉、地克珠利 氟哌酸(3、4组)后d 5,治愈率均为0,d 20~60时,治愈率为70.0%~90.0%。(3)球虫清缓释剂组在1~2个月时,球虫卵囊减少率及转阴率均为100%,在3个月时,球虫卵囊减少率为98.9%,转阴率为94.0%,存活率为100%。伯氨喹啉组1~3个月,球虫卵囊减少率及转阴率分别为64.4%~89.8%及33.0%~91.2%,死亡率为22.0%~28.0%,存活率为72.0%~78.0%。对照组1~3个月,球虫卵囊增加78.0%~126.0%,死亡率为46.0%~62.0%,存活率为38.0%~54.0%。(4)注射球虫(菌)清缓释剂比口服伯氨喹啉、地克珠利 氟哌酸及对照组,兔的增重率分别提高71.7%、76.1%、374.6%和69.8%、74.1%、369.3%,节省防治费75%。应用球虫(菌)清缓释剂防治球虫病、大肠杆菌病兔10.5万只,获得经济效益108.67万元(包括增重效益、挽回死亡兔损失、减少饲料费和节省防治费四项)。结论球虫(菌)清缓释剂能安全、高效、经济、方便地控制家兔球虫病和大肠杆菌病的发生,保护幼兔安全度过球虫病和大肠杆菌病高危期。     

几种药剂防治白萝卜蚜虫、烟粉虱试验效果

为探索防治白萝卜蚜虫、烟粉虱安全高效的药剂,减少农药用量,降低残留,使生产的白萝卜符合出口国要求,我们选择了几种药剂防治白萝卜蚜虫、烟粉虱的药剂,进行了田间试验。试验表明,在蚜虫、烟粉虱混合发生初期,用10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂15g/667m2,其药后5d、7d对蚜虫校正防效达到97.8%、95.8%;用1%除虫菊素-苦参碱微囊悬浮剂75mL/667m2,其药后5d、7d对烟粉虱校正防效达到73.9%、78.2%,在生产上应每隔7d用药1次,连用2次。以上2种药剂对白萝卜安全且有较好的防治效果。     

A review of the pest management situation in mango agroecosystems

Integrated pest management programs for mango must be based on sampling and on economic thresholds, and must take into account the effects of cultural practices, horticultural sprays and disease control on pest and natural enemy interactions. An analysis of the mass of information available on the different mango pests,viz., fruit flies(Bactrocera sp.,Ceratitis sp.,Anastrepha sp.), mango seed weevil(Sternochetus mangiferae), thrips(Frankliniella spp.), gall midges(Procontarinia sp.), scales, mites and mealybugs is given, as well as different examples for future entomological research.     

A linear programming assessment of the profit from strategies to reduce the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis

We used a linear programming model to estimate the financial returns to a Staphylococcus aureus testing and control program over a 1-year period for a 100-cow herd, with a 8636-kg rolling-herd average. Six tests, which vary in sensitivity from 0.80 to 0.98 and specificity of 0.99, were examined in simulated herds with 10, 20 and 30% prevalence of S. aureus infection. Sensitivity of these results to a range of assumptions regarding rolling-herd average, milk price, somatic cell-count premium, and cost and cure rate of dry treatment were examined to determine the profits from the program. The profits of a control program are most dependent upon prevalence, cell-count premium, and cost of dry treatment. In our simulation for a 100-cow herd, a testing and control program appears to cost less than US$10 per cow per year, and pays for itself within 1 yr, except under the lowest prevalence and most-adverse conditions (low yield, high cost of dry treatment, or low SCC premium).