延边地区乡镇企业集群发展模式的探讨

在我国农村,要贯彻科学发展观,全面建设小康社会,进一步解决农民的就业和增收问题,解决农业的发展和农村稳定的问题,推进农村工业化、城镇化和现代化,都离不开乡镇企业的发展.本文从企业集群发展模式的角度,分析和阐述了乡镇企业发展规律,进而探讨了延边地区乡镇企业发展模式.这对于加快延边地区经济建设,解决延边地区“三农“问题,全面建设新延边,将起到积极的推进作用.     

基于接触分形理论的结合面切向接触刚度分形模型

以球体与平面接触时的切向接触刚度以及粗糙平面接触的分形理论为基础 ,基于 3个假设 ,即粗糙表面的微观形貌各向同性 ,粗糙表面上各微凸体之间的相互作用可以忽略不计 ,各微凸体所受的力与其接触面积的大小成正比 ,从理论上提出了具有尺度独立性的结合面切向接触刚度分形模型 ,并进行了定性的实验验证 ,说明了该模型的正确性。     

春小麦高产叶龄模式的研究

本研究根据春小麦的叶龄进程，对水、肥、密等影响产量的主要因素进行优化组合，提出了旨在提高春小麦的产量及获得最佳效益的高产模式，为指导我国北方春小麦的生产提供了科学依据。     

适应排灌行业需要 建设岗位培训制度——由江苏理工大学流体机械工程技术中心连续15年举办培训班引发的思考

由排灌机械行业的现状 ,结合江苏理工大学流体机械工程技术中心 15年来举办培训班的实践 ,提出了培养一大批掌握现代科学技术的工程技术人员和高素质员工是促进排灌事业发展最直接、最有效的措施 ,而制定和完善岗位培训制度是这一措施规范化、制度化、科学化的保证。文章阐述了岗位培训的概念 ,对建立岗位培训制度的原则、框架和体系作了探讨。     

Performance of CERES-Rice and CERES-Wheat models in rice–wheat systems: A review

Rice–wheat (RW) systems are critical to food security and livelihoods of rural and urban poor in south Asia and China, and to regional economies in southeast Australia. The sustainability of RW systems in south Asia is, however, threatened by yield stagnation or decline, and declining partial factor productivity, soil organic C and water availability. Crop models potentially offer a means to readily explore management options to increase yield, and to determine trade-off between yield, resource-use efficiency and environmental outcomes. This paper reviews the performance of CERES-Rice and CERES-Wheat in Asia and Australia in relation to their potential application towards increasing resource use efficiency and yield of RW systems.

The performance of the models was evaluated using simulated and observed data on anthesis and maturity dates, in-season LAI and growth, final grain yield and its components, and soil water and N balances from published studies across Asia and Australia, and then by computing the statistical parameters for the major characters. Over the four data sets examined for anthesis and six for maturity dates, CERES-Rice predicted those dates fairly well (normalised RMSE = 4–5%; D-index = 0.94–0.95), but over the 11 sets for grain and 4 for biomass yield, the predictions were more variable (normalised RMSE = 23% for both; D-index 0.90 and 0.76, for grain and biomass, respectively). Model performance was poorer under conditions of low N, water deficit, and low temperatures during the reproductive stages. Over the three data sets examined, CERES-Wheat predicted the anthesis and maturity dates quite well (normalised RMSE = 4–5%; D-index = 0.94–0.99), and over eight sets for grain and two sets for biomass yield the model predicted them also reasonably well (RMSE = 13–16%; D-index = 0.86–0.97). Only one study evaluated the DSSAT RW sequence model with fairly satisfactory predictions of rice and wheat yields over 20 years with adequate N, but not the long-term change in soil organic C and N. Predictions of in-season LAI and crop growth, and soil and water processes were quite limited to investigate the robustness of model processes.

Application of models to evaluate options to increase water and N use efficiency requires the ability to perform well at the margin where deficit stress begins. While both models generally perform satisfactorily under water and N non-limiting conditions, the little evidence available suggests that they do not perform well under resource-limiting situations. We recommend that the models’ key processes under the water and N limiting conditions be further evaluated urgently. The DSSAT sequence model also needs to be further evaluated against observations for a range of locations and management using data from long-term experiments in RW systems.     

Evaluation of the RZWQM-CERES-Maize hybrid model for maize production

The root zone water quality model (RZWQM) was developed primarily for water quality research with a generic plant growth module primarily serving as a sink for plant nitrogen and water uptake. In this study, we coupled the CERES-Maize Version 3.5 crop growth model with RZWQM to provide RZWQM users with the option for selecting a more comprehensive plant growth model. In the hybrid model, RZWQM supplied CERES with daily soil water and nitrogen contents, soil temperature, and potential evapotranspiration, in addition to daily weather data. CERES-Maize supplied RZWQM with daily water and nitrogen uptake, and other plant growth variables (e.g., root distribution and leaf area index). The RZWQM-CERES hybrid model was evaluated with two well-documented experimental datasets distributed with DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) Version 3.5, which had various nitrogen and irrigation treatments. Simulation results were compared to the original DSSAT-CERES-Maize model. Both models used the same plant cultivar coefficients and the same soil parameters as distributed with DSSAT Version 3.5. The hybrid model provided similar maize prediction in terms of yield, biomass and leaf area index, as the DSSAT-CERES model when the same soil and crop parameters were used. No overall differences were found between the two models based on the paired t test, suggesting successful coupling of the two models. The hybrid model offers RZWQM users access to a rigorous new plant growth model and provides CERES-Maize users with a tool to address soil and water quality issues under different cropping systems.     

齿轮三维模型的参数化设计技术

齿轮是汽车、拖拉机中常用的传动零件,在三维设计中,需要对渐开线方程进行转换,由转换后的方程生成齿形,其整个设计过程非常繁琐。本文详述了方程的转换过程及齿轮的参数化设计方法,可以通过输入不同的齿轮参数,即可获得相应的齿轮,从而大大节约设计时间。该方法还可应用于所有系列化的通用件和标准件三维设计中。     

水泵进水设计模型试验方法

模型试验是国际上普遍采用的检验和改进泵站进水设计的主要方法,而试验标准则是水泵进水设计模型试验的重要依据;目前我国尚未有关于泵站进水设计模型试验的试验标准。本文简要讨论了水泵进水设计的整体概念,并根据美国国家标准《水泵进水设计》(ANSI／HI9．8-1998),介绍了水泵进水设计模型试验的目的、主要内容、试验准则、测试方法、试验方案和试验结果评价等主要内容。     

基于PPC模型的农机选型与优序关系研究

将投影寻踪（PP）与实数编码的遗传算法（RAGA）相结合，应用到农业机械的选型与优序关系研究中，通过寻求各种机型评价指标的最佳投影方向，将高维数据转换成一维投影指标值，实现对机器样本的分类与排序，从而克服 以往二阶模糊综合评判法及灰色系统评价法中权重取值的人为因素，取得了良好的效果。     

管网中泵破坏瞬变流的数值模拟

建立了管网中泵破坏瞬变流的数值模拟，该模型考虑了泵破坏无量纲非线性边界条件，运用特征线法对方程进行了求解。经验证，证明模型是可靠的，可用于工程分析计算。