Spatial Distribution of Surface Soil Acidity,Electrical Conductivity,Soil Organic Carbon Content and Exchangeable Potassium,Calcium and Magnesium in Some Cropped Acid Soils of India

Land degradation is a global problem. Best management of degraded land can be done by evaluating the spatial variability of soil properties including chemical properties of degraded land and mapping such variations. Since, a significant portion of arable land in India is chemically degraded due to soil acidity; the present study was conducted to study the spatial variability of soil acidity (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (OC) content, exchangeable potassium (K⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) contents in some cropped acid soils of India. A total of four hundred (one hundred from each series) representative surface (0–0.15 m depth) soil samples were collected from arable soils representing four soil series namely Hariharapur, Debatoli, Rajpora and Neeleswaram situated in Orissa, Jharkhand, Himachal Pradesh and Kerala states of India, respectively, and were analyzed. Soil acidity (pH between 3.90 and 6.45) showed a low variability, in contrast to other soil properties, which showed moderate variability. The coefficients of variation varied from 32.4 to 74.3, 31.2 to 50.9, 45.6 to 100, 71.9 to 93.0 and 59.0 to 79.8% for EC (mean between 0.05 and 0.09 dS m⁻¹), OC (mean between 0.29 to 1.86%), exchangeable K⁺ (mean between 39.1 and 77.7 mg kg⁻¹), Ca²⁺ (mean between 148 and 293 mg kg⁻¹) and Mg²⁺ (mean between 111 and 191 mg kg⁻¹), respectively. Soil pH and OC content were positively and significantly correlated with exchangeable K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ content. Geostatistical analysis revealed that the best fit models were gaussian, exponential and spherical for different soil properties with moderate to strong spatial dependency. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工绿地土壤及其影响因子分析研究

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地绿地建设长期使用４．０ｇ／Ｌ以上的高矿　化度地下水及生活污水灌溉，对土壤的理化、生化性质产生了重大影响．通过６年的定位试验　观测，数据表明原沙漠腹地风沙土０～２ｍ内可溶性离子总量下降，２ｍ以下增加；土壤粘粒、　有机质含量增加；土壤容重降低；土壤紧实度除表层以外，各层土壤由紧变松；土壤肥力显　著增强；土壤微生物的数量大幅增加，生物活性趋强．     

Immunogenic properties and mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) lung lesions in Large White pigs selected for higher peripheral blood immune capacity

Immunogenic properties and mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) lung lesions were compared between the immunity‐selected Large White line and the non‐selected Large White line. The selected Large White line showed a higher level of pulmonary MPS lesions compared with the non‐selected Large White line. Subsequent to vaccination, the percentage of natural killer cells and T cells (CD3⁺CD4⁺CD8^‐ and CD3⁺CD4^?CD8⁺ T cells) were significantly increased in the non‐selected line but remained unchanged in the immunity‐selected Large White line. Secretion of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine‐specific immunoblogulin G and phagocyte activity in peripheral blood were significantly higher in the immunity‐selected Large White line than in the non‐selected line. Expression of interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐6 messenger RNA in hilar lymph nodes was significantly lower in the immunity‐selected Large White line than in the non‐selected line. However, expression of IL‐10 in all immune tissues was significantly higher in the immunity‐selected Large White line. These results suggest that the selection for high immunity was not effective in increasing resistance to MPS lung lesions.     

松口蘑菌塘土壤理化特性对子实体营养品质影响

以四川松口蘑(Tricholoma matsutake)代表性主产区菌塘土壤及新鲜子实体为材料,分析菌塘土壤理化性质和子实体的营养品质,利用冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)研究前者对后者的影响.结果表明:调查样点菌塘土壤理化性质差异较大,总体以砂粒为主(50.2％～88.5％),质地较为疏松,pH总体呈弱酸性(5.08～7.26),有机质含量54.8～189.6 g/kg;调查样点松口蘑子实体营养品质总体较好,其中谷氨酸含量较高(2.27％～4.10％),但地区间差异较大;钙含量较高(124.4～725.1 mg/kg),锌和锰含量中等,铜含量较低;冗余分析结果表明,子实体中营养品质与菌塘土壤中交换性锰(TMn)含量极显著正相关(P＜0.01).菌塘土壤中TMn是影响松口蘑子实体关键的土壤理化因子.     

沙对高尔夫果岭坪床物理特性的影响

对28种沙与泥炭按75∶25混配而成的高尔夫果岭坪床材料的物理特性进行了评价。不同类型沙的粒径、均一性和形状有所不同。高尔夫果岭坪床的物理特性主要取决于所使用的沙的特性。对沙 泥炭混配的坪床来说,其导水率在95~827 mm/h范围内变化,总孔隙度变化范围为38.8%~47.2%,而通气孔隙度(在-3 kPa水势下)为0.9%~24.6%,毛管孔隙度(在-3 kPa水势下)为17.7%~42.1%。结果表明,排水速率和通气孔隙度与毛管孔隙度的平衡主要受沙的粒径大小的影响,起决定作用的是粒径最大和最小的沙所占的比例,而容重、总孔隙度和抗剪切强度取决于沙的均一性。当沙粒较圆且较为光滑时,坪床材料孔隙度趋向减少。沙表面越粗糙,坪床抗剪切能力就越强,而沙对坪床硬度的作用不显著。     

植物激素表油菜素内酯对小麦生理特性及产量的影响

于小麦孕穗期到灌浆期喷洒低浓度的表油菜素内脂(Brassinolide 简称BR) 能引起小麦生理特性和产量性状的变化.BR能加速灌浆后旗叶可溶性总糖的运转,提高灌浆中的子粒活度;减少逆境条件下体内游离氨和腐胺的积累量,增强植株抗青枯能力,降低不育小穗数,提高结实率和粒重,使小麦增产10%左右.     

THE BASIC PROPERTIES OF CONDITIONAL EQUATION WITH ACCUMULATIVE STATE

Several aspects of the conditional equation derived from the accumulative equation are discussed in detail. The results indicate that the conditional equation not only is well consistent with the principles of electronegativity and absolute hardness equalization, but also satisfies the bonding of a full -prerequisite condition, e. g. two like electronic charge species repel and unlike attract each other'. In addition these principles are in the accumulative state. Mathematically, some other aspects of the conditional equation are worth studying based on the generalization of this equation.     

PROBABILISTIC EVALUATION FOR STEEL FRAME COLUMNS OF TALL BUILDINGS

Based on properties of parameters and test data of dom-estic steel,this paper analyses the reliability and partial coefficient forresistance of steel frame columns of tall builings.The result may serveas a scientific basis.It is not only for domestic steel instead of importedsteel in building tall steel structures,but also for compiling concerendstandards.     

The Particle Properties of Panzhihua Vanadium-Bearing Titanomagnetite Concentrate

In order to investigate how to increase the concentrate sintering productivity,the particle properties of the concentrate have been studied. It was found that the essential reasons for low sintering productivity are the difficulties to pelletize and poor permeability because of particle' s size bigger,smooth surface, poor activity and hydrophobe.