Application of Wavelet Transform in the Prediction of Navel Orange Vitamin C Content by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

This study was to search for an approach for rapid measurement of orange vitamin C （Vc） content. By using different decomposing levels of Daubechies 3 wavelet transform, the near-infrared spectra signals obtained from intact fruits of 100 navel orange samples were denoised, and the results of the predicted Vc contents for the corresponding samples determined by the reconstructed spectra after denoising were validated by means of PLS-CV （partial least squared-cross validation）. It was shown that the prediction effects verified by PLS-CV analysis varied when different wavelet transform decomposing levels were employed. At the wavelet decomposing level 4, the best prediction effect was obtained, with the correlation coefficient R between the prediction and true values being 0.9574 and the expected variance RMSECV being as low as 3.9 mg 100 g^-1. Furthermore, the 11 different approaches for the pretreatment of the near-infrared spectrum were compared. It was found that the calibration model established by PLS using spectra pretreated by wavelet transform denoising provided the best prediction for Vc content, exhibiting the highest correlation between the prediction and true values by cross validation. In conclusion, the near infrared spectral model denoised by means of wavelet transform can be used for accurate, rapid, and nondestructive quantitative analysis on navel orange Vc content.     

遥感区域大小对森林蓄积估测影响规律的研究

该文将 1幅TM遥感图像分别分成 1 4及 1 2幅 ,通过实例分析了 1 4,1 2及整幅TM图像所能达到的几何精校正精度 .然后 ,以样地对应的遥感和GIS信息为影响森林蓄积估测的变量 ,采用最小二乘原理及岭迹分析 ,研究了上述 3种不同面积幅值图像对应林区影响森林蓄积估测的主要变量 .由 3种不同面积遥感区域蓄积估测方程中所含变量的个数、种类及预报精度 ,详细分析了遥感区域大小对蓄积估测的影响规律     

桁杆张网渔具菱形和方形网目网囊的选择性研究

使用套网法作为选择性试验方法,Logistic曲线作为选择性曲线模型,并运用极大似然估计法进行曲线参数估算,对桁杆张网渔具不同网目尺寸(25mm、30mm、35mm、40mm以及45mm网目大小)、不同网目形状(菱形网目和方形网目)的网囊选择性进行分析。结果显示:各菱形网目网囊对黄鲫和银鲳的50%选择体长(或叉长)比相应方形网目的大(分别为3.79%和31.25%),而对小黄鱼的50%选择体长比相应方形网目小(7.92%);各菱形网目对黄鲫、小黄鱼和银鲳的选择范围都比相应方形网目大(分别为20.76%、5.36%以及45.99%)。这与传统认为方形网目选择性优于菱形网目的观点存在差异。通过讨论,认为黄鲫和银鲳体形较扁,游泳能力较弱是造成这些差异的主要原因。因此,在进行网囊结构改革时,不能盲目遵循方形网目优于菱形网目的传统观点。     

线性最小均方误差的比率估计

本文对有限总体的总体均值提出了一个模型无偏的线性最小均方误差估计,并给出了这个均方误差的一个无偏估计。     

一元非线性回归问题的改进方法

本文分析了用一般线性化方法解决一元非线性回归问题的各种缺陷。在此基础上,根据最小二乘法的思想,对Y=β_o·e~(β(1/x))+ε、Y=β_oe~(βx)+ε和Y=β_oX~β+ε三类回归问题提出了一种有效的改进方法     

麦蚜取食行为特殊刺探电位波形图(EPG)研究初报

研究了麦长管蚜(Sitobionavenae.Fab.)、禾谷缢管蚜(RhopalosiphumPadi)在不同小麦上的刺探行为,发现了一些特殊的刺探电位波形(EPG),即点G波,E0波和两种F波,并就其可能的生物学意义进行了探讨。初步认为,点G波是蚜虫在刺探途径阶段(C波阶段)的试探性主动吸食过程;E0波是蚜虫口针即将到达韧皮部时短暂的判断、休息和适应过程;一种F波是蚜虫在木质部主动吸食受阻的一种过渡波;另一种F波与蚜虫口针在植物组织中遇阻后的重复回撤与刺探行为有关。结果表明,EPG波形不仅有其稳定性,同时也有其多样性。     

两个新的正整数分拆恒等式

正整数的分拆与许多计数问题有着密切的关系,并且关于正整数的分拆产生了许多重要的恒等式,但很多正整数的分拆恒等式常以有序分拆或无序分拆单方面讨论。将正整数的有序分拆和无序分拆联系起来,给出了两个新的与正整数的有序分拆和无序分拆相关的恒等式,并利用组合方法给出了证明。     

在Autocad平台建立具有GIS特征的森林图形系统

该文从森林图形库的概念和基本特征出发 ,完成森林图形库图层的标准设计和森林图形中小班多边形的封闭 .通过对森林图形的图元访问 ,实现森林图形”归一化” .在”归一化”森林图形上 ,实现其与资源数据库互访的动态管理     

满足某些性质的树因子

设Ｇ是一个图ｆ是定义在Ｖ（Ｇ）上的非负整数函数，Ｇ的一个支撑子图Ｆ称为Ｇ的一个ｆ因子，若对任意的ｖ∈Ｖ（Ｇ），有ｄＦ（ｖ）＝ｆ（ｖ）．若Ｔ是一个连通无圈图，则称Ｔ是一棵树。在本文中，我们对满足某些性质的树因子进行了研究，分别给出了一棵树存在ｆ－因子过指定的一条边或不过指定一条边的充要条件。     

Network thinking in riverscape conservation – A graph-based approach

Graph theoretic approaches have received increased interest recently in landscape planning and conservation in the terrestrial realm, because these approaches facilitate the effective modelling of connectivity among habitats. We examined whether basic principles of graph theory can be extended to other ecosystems. Specifically, we demonstrate how a network-based context can be used for enhancing the more effective conservation of riverine systems. We first show how to use graph theoretic techniques to model riverscapes at the segment level. Then we use a real stream network (Zagyva river basin, Hungary) to examine the topological importance of segments in maintaining riverscape connectivity, using betweenness centrality, a commonly used network measure. Using the undirected graph model of this riverscape, we then prioritize segments for conservation purpose. We examine the value of each of the 93 segments present in the Zagyva river basin by considering the conservation value of local fish assemblages, connectivity and the size of the habitat patches. For this purpose we use the ‘integral index of connectivity’, a recently advocated habitat availability index. Based on the results the selection of the most valuable habitat segments can be optimized depending on conservation resources. Because of their inherent advantage in the consideration of connectivity relationships, we suggest that network analyses offer a simple, yet effective tool for searching for key segments (or junctions) in riverscapes for conservation and environmental management. Further, although the joint consideration of aquatic and terrestrial networks is challenging, the extension of network analyses to freshwater systems may facilitate the more effective selection of priority areas for conservation in continental areas.